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Research on the influence law of particle diameter on the cavitation-erosion coupled mechanism 粒径对空化-冲蚀耦合机理的影响规律研究

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121999

Jing Zhang , Weiguo Zhao , Jinyu Qiao , Junlong Liu , Jincheng He

The cavitation-particle erosion coupled damage of flow-passing components in hydraulic machinery restricts performance improvement and service life extension, remaining a key scientific issue. While independent research on cavitation and erosion has advanced significantly, gaps persist in studying their coupled interaction mechanism. This study adopted four airfoils with different relative thicknesses (NACA 0006, 0010, 0015, 0021) to systematically investigate their damage mechanisms under cavitation-particle erosion coupling, using experimental and numerical simulation methods. Results show that: 1) Under a sand concentration of 3 % and a particle size of 0.5 mm, the Oka erosion model predicts airfoil surface erosion more accurately, compared with experimental and simulation results; 2) When the particle diameter ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 mm, the cavitation effect significantly promotes airfoil surface erosion; when the particle diameter ranges from 0.7 to 1 mm, the cavitation effect instead inhibits erosion; 3) As particle diameter increases from 0.1 mm to 1 mm, the average surface erosion rates of the four airfoils increase by 7.02, 6.38, 6.52, and 3.49 times, respectively; larger particles also have a longer residence time in the flow field, and cavitation further intensifies this delay by disturbing the flow; 4) When airfoil relative thickness increases from 6 % to 21 %, the average surface erosion rate increases by 3.03, 0.73, 0.58, 0.74, and 1.26 times in sequence under the five particle diameter conditions. By quantitatively revealing the laws of cavitation-erosion coupled damage, this study provides a theoretical basis for anti-erosion optimization design of flow-passing components in hydraulic machinery.

水力机械流道部件的空化-颗粒侵蚀耦合损伤制约着液压机械性能的提高和使用寿命的延长，是一个重要的科学问题。虽然对空化和侵蚀的独立研究取得了显著进展，但对它们耦合作用机理的研究仍然存在空白。采用NACA 0006、0010、0015、0021 4种不同相对厚度的翼型，采用实验和数值模拟的方法，系统研究了空化-颗粒耦合作用下的损伤机理。结果表明：1)在砂浓度为3%、粒径为0.5 mm的条件下，Oka侵蚀模型能较准确地预测翼型表面侵蚀；2)颗粒直径在0.1 ~ 0.5 mm范围内，空化效应显著促进翼型表面侵蚀；粒径在0.7 ~ 1mm范围内，空化作用反而抑制了冲蚀；3)当颗粒直径从0.1 mm增加到1 mm时，四种翼型的平均表面侵蚀率分别增加了7.02倍、6.38倍、6.52倍和3.49倍；较大的颗粒在流场中的停留时间也较长，空化通过干扰流动进一步加剧了这种延迟；4)当翼型相对厚度从6%增加到21%时，5种粒径条件下的平均表面侵蚀率依次增加3.03倍、0.73倍、0.58倍、0.74倍和1.26倍。通过定量揭示空化-冲蚀耦合损伤规律，为水工机械通流部件抗冲蚀优化设计提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Breakage characteristics in non-spherical proppant particles: An integrated experimental and computational study 非球形支撑剂颗粒的破碎特性：综合实验与计算研究

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.122029

Xiangyu Wang , Minhui Qi , Fanyu Meng , Yanlong Li , Tiankui Guo , Nengyou Wu , Yongchao Zhang , Mingzhong Li , Chenwei Liu

The crushing of proppant particles has been identified as a primary cause of conductivity damage to artificial fractures formed by hydraulic fracturing operations. The morphology of quartz-sand proppant particles directly impacts the inter-particle contact relations, which consequently affects the crack initiation and expansion characteristics during particle breakage. However, limited research has focused on understanding the breakage behavior of non-spherical quartz-sand proppant. In the current study, an integrated experimental and theoretical framework was developed to systematically analyze the breakage characteristics and crack propagation patterns of non-spherical particles. Experimentally, a custom setup for proppant crushing simulation was designed specifically for evaluating proppant crushing behavior, complemented by μ-CT scanning to establish a morphological database for discrete element method (DEM) simulations. Further to this, a DEM-based simulation approach incorporating the particle replacement method and clustered particle models was employed to identify key factors controlling breakage characteristics and crack propagation patterns under complex inter-particle interaction and stress setup. Subsequent analysis investigated how particle aspect ratio (AR), size, loading direction and contact mode influence crack propagation patterns, fragment generation numbers, and energy dissipation during proppant breakage process. Higher-AR particles exhibit more uniform force chain distributions, reducing stress concentrations and enhancing crushing resistance. Conversely, lower-AR particles may experience multi-stage breakage as their size increases due to structural weaknesses and stress shielding effect. Contact mode significantly impacts the evolution of breakage and crack propagation patterns. These findings collectively provide critical insights for optimizing the selection of proppants and predicting the conductivity damage of hydraulic fractures induced by proppant crushing.

支撑剂颗粒的破碎已被确定为水力压裂作业形成的人工裂缝导流能力受损的主要原因。石英砂支撑剂颗粒的形态直接影响颗粒间的接触关系，从而影响颗粒破碎过程中裂缝的起裂和扩展特性。然而，对非球形石英砂支撑剂破碎行为的研究较少。为系统分析非球形颗粒的断裂特征和裂纹扩展模式，建立了实验与理论相结合的研究框架。实验方面，专门设计了支撑剂破碎模拟的定制设置，以评估支撑剂的破碎行为，并辅以μ-CT扫描建立离散元法（DEM）模拟的形态数据库。在此基础上，采用颗粒替换法和聚类颗粒模型相结合的dem模拟方法，识别复杂颗粒间相互作用和应力设置下控制断裂特征和裂纹扩展模式的关键因素。随后的分析研究了颗粒长径比（AR）、尺寸、加载方向和接触方式对支撑剂破裂过程中裂纹扩展模式、碎片生成数量和能量耗散的影响。高ar颗粒表现出更均匀的力链分布，降低应力集中，增强抗压能力。相反，由于结构弱点和应力屏蔽效应，低ar颗粒可能随着尺寸的增加而经历多级破碎。接触方式对断裂模式和裂纹扩展模式的演化有显著影响。这些研究结果共同为优化支撑剂的选择和预测支撑剂破碎引起的水力裂缝导流性损害提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Rheological model of SiC-reinforced cemented tailings backfill and its thermodynamic responses to deep in-situ conditions sic增强尾砂胶结充填体流变模型及深部原位条件下的热力学响应

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.122014

Guanding Yang, Di Wu, Feng Zhang, Yuandao Zhang

To address complex deep-mining challenges such as high in-situ stress, elevated temperatures, and geological voids, a functional cemented tailings backfill (FCTB) was developed by incorporating silicon carbide (SiC) into conventional cemented tailings backfill (CTB). This environmentally friendly mining solution offers improved heat absorption/storage capacity and early-age strength. Using conventional CTB as a control, this study systematically investigated the effects of SiC dosage (ranging from 2 % to 8 %) on the rheological properties, extensibility, shear-induced thixotropy, thermophysical characteristics (thermal conductivity and storage), and mechanical behavior of FCTB. Key results with 8 % SiC addition included: a 75.7 % reduction in yield stress, a 30.4 % increase in extensibility, a 273 % enhancement in thermal conductivity, and a 17.8 % improvement in 7-day strength. In terms of fresh FCTB slurry rheology, the Improved Bingham (IB) model demonstrated superior performance over the Herschel–Bulkley (HB) model, while the Sisko model achieved a fit with R² > 0.99. Thixotropy experiments led to the development of a three-dimensional time-dependent polynomial model that quantifies the coupling effects of yield stress, viscosity, shear duration, and SiC content. The fluidity, thermophysical properties, and early-age (1/3 /7d) mechanical performance of FCTB slurry were all positively enhanced with increasing SiC addition. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and implementation of backfill systems in deep mining, effectively integrating thermal damage mitigation with backfill reinforcement.

为了解决高地应力、高温和地质空隙等复杂的深部采矿挑战，将碳化硅（SiC）掺入常规胶结尾砂充填体（CTB）中，开发了功能性胶结尾砂充填体（FCTB）。这种环保的采矿解决方案提供了更好的吸热/储热能力和早期强度。本研究以常规CTB为对照，系统研究了SiC用量（2% ~ 8%）对CTB流变性能、延伸性、剪切致触变性、热物理特性（导热性和储热性）和力学行为的影响。添加8% SiC的主要结果包括：屈服应力降低75.7%，拉伸率提高30.4%，导热系数提高273%，7天强度提高17.8%。在新鲜FCTB浆体流变学方面，改进的Bingham （IB）模型表现出优于Herschel-Bulkley （HB）模型的性能，而Sisko模型达到了R2 >； 0.99的拟合。触变性实验导致了三维时间依赖多项式模型的发展，该模型量化了屈服应力、粘度、剪切持续时间和SiC含量的耦合效应。随着SiC添加量的增加，FCTB料浆的流动性、热物性和早期（1/3 /7d）力学性能均有显著提高。这些发现为深部采矿回填系统的设计和实施提供了有价值的见解，有效地将热损伤缓解与回填体加固相结合。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature-dependent mechanical properties and energy evolution of cemented tailings backfill: A triaxial testing and damage modeling study 尾砂胶结充填体温度相关力学特性与能量演化：三轴试验与损伤模型研究

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.122027

Pengchu Ding , Shiheng Yan , Liwu Chang , Zhen Li , Qinqiang Guo , Lei Xu , Selahattin Akdag , Changtai Zhou

Cementitious tailings backfill (CTB) serves as a critical solution environments, yet the coupled effects of curing temperature and time on its triaxial behaviors remain unclear, and this limits design optimization. This study investigates the coupled effects of curing temperature and time on the mechanical properties and energy evolution characteristics of CTB for mining applications. A series of triaxial compression tests were performed under

σ_{3}

of 100–200 kPa on CTB specimens cured for 3, 7, and 28 d. The results demonstrate that CTB strength exhibits a non-monotonic temperature-dependent behavior. When the curing period is held constant, peak strength reaches its maximum at 30 °C. Meanwhile, when the curing temperature is held constant, CTB strength progressively increases with extended curing time. Energy analysis revealed that the elastic energy storage capacity peaks at 30 °C, while dissipated energy follows an inverse pattern. A novel thermo-mechanical damage constitutive model that incorporates the Weibull distribution and the Drucker-Prager failure criterion was developed, achieving excellent agreement with experimental data. These findings provide critical design parameters for backfill systems in deep mines experiencing elevated geothermal conditions, enabling optimization of CTB strength while minimizing cement consumption.

胶结尾砂充填体是一种关键的固溶环境，但固化温度和时间对其三轴特性的耦合影响尚不清楚，这限制了尾砂充填体的设计优化。研究了养护温度和养护时间对矿用CTB力学性能和能量演化特性的耦合影响。对固化3、7、28 d的CTB试件进行了100 ~ 200 kPa的三轴压缩试验，结果表明CTB的强度表现出非单调的温度依赖性。当养护时间一定时，峰值强度在30℃时达到最大值。同时，在养护温度一定的情况下，随着养护时间的延长，CTB强度逐渐增大。能量分析表明，弹性储能容量在30°C时达到峰值，而耗散能量则相反。建立了一种结合Weibull分布和Drucker-Prager破坏准则的新型热-机械损伤本构模型，该模型与实验数据吻合良好。这些发现为地热条件较高的深部矿山回填系统提供了关键的设计参数，可以优化CTB强度，同时最大限度地减少水泥消耗。

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引用次数: 0

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.122004

Fabin Zeng , Zhongan Jiang , Yapeng Wang , Ming Wang , Ya Chen , Jihe Chen , Guoliang Zhang , Yee-Chung Jin

The impact airflow induced by truck unloading in open-pit coal mines constitutes a primary driver of dust pollution, posing significant risks to worker health. To clarify its underlying mechanisms, this study establishes a mathematical model of unloading induced impact airflow based on the Energy Conservation Law and work-energy conversion theory, and systematically examines its dynamic characteristics through scaled experiments and numerical simulations. The results demonstrate that impact velocity intensifies markedly with increasing discharge rate: when the unloading flow rises from 10 kg/s to 50 kg/s, the peak airflow velocity increases by approximately 3.58 times. Larger unloading angle promotes more efficient transfer of kinetic energy from the coal stream to the surrounding air, thereby enhancing horizontal propagation and reducing the rate of velocity attenuation. Greater coal stockpile height significantly suppresses vertical diffusion and accelerates velocity decay. Coal particle size exhibits a nonlinear relationship with impact velocity, showing a pattern of initial amplification followed by reduction, with the most pronounced disturbances occurring at 3–5 mm. Temporally, the evolution of the impact airflow can be divided into three sequential stages: energy accumulation, coupling disturbance, and energy consumption. Spatially, the airflow trajectory exhibits a characteristic V-shaped pattern along the pit sidewalls, while peak velocity decays exponentially with increasing height above the ground. This study elucidates the mechanisms of energy conversion and spatiotemporal migration in unloading induced impact airflow, providing both a theoretical foundation and technical support for predicting and effectively controlling dust pollution in open-pit coal mines.

露天煤矿卡车卸煤产生的冲击气流是粉尘污染的主要驱动因素，对工人健康构成重大威胁。为明确其机理，基于能量守恒定律和功-能转换理论，建立了卸荷诱导冲击气流的数学模型，并通过规模实验和数值模拟系统考察了卸荷诱导冲击气流的动力学特性。结果表明：冲击速度随卸料速率的增加而显著增强，当卸料流量从10 kg/s增加到50 kg/s时，峰值风速增加了约3.58倍；卸煤角度越大，煤流动能更有效地向周围空气传递，从而增强了水平传播，降低了速度衰减速率。较大的储煤高度显著抑制垂向扩散，加速速度衰减。煤的粒径与冲击速度呈非线性关系，表现为先增大后减小，在3 ~ 5mm处扰动最明显。在时间上，冲击气流的演化可分为能量积累、耦合扰动和能量消耗三个连续阶段。在空间上，气流轨迹沿坑壁呈典型的v型，峰值速度随离地高度的增加呈指数衰减。本研究阐明了卸荷诱导冲击气流的能量转换和时空迁移机理，为预测和有效控制露天煤矿粉尘污染提供了理论基础和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

CFD–DEM investigation on particle separation from fluid flow using magnetic fields 利用磁场对流体中颗粒分离的CFD-DEM研究

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121997

Shaghayegh Morsali , Saman Kazemi , Farhang Jalali Farahani , Reza Zarghami

This study presents a numerical simulation of magnetic particle separation from fluid flow using CFD-DEM modeling. Studies have shown that magnetic fields are an effective tool for particle separation, especially on small scales, and variables such as magnetic field intensity, fluid velocity, and particle size significantly impact separation efficiency. Other factors, such as the initial location of particles and their density, were also examined, and their effect on the attraction of particles was determined. The magnetic field was applied through a line dipole in the fluid channel. The simulation results show that particles accumulate in the channel area where the line dipole is located, with higher particle concentration at the beginning of the dipole compared to other sections. Additionally, the results indicate that increasing the magnetic field intensity significantly improves separation efficiency, while increasing fluid velocity can decrease this efficiency. At a velocity of 0.2 m per second, results showed that increasing the magnetic field intensity from 0.6 to 3 T improved the capture efficiency from 69 % to 91 %. Similarly, at a magnetic field intensity of 1 T, reducing the fluid velocity from 0.3 to 0.1 m per second doubled the capture efficiency. In the optimal state, combining maximum field intensity with minimum velocity can achieve an efficiency of 98 %. It was also observed that larger particle diameters and higher densities have a positive effect on particle attraction.

本文采用CFD-DEM模型对磁颗粒与流体分离过程进行了数值模拟。研究表明，磁场是颗粒分离的有效工具，特别是在小尺度上，磁场强度、流体速度、颗粒大小等变量对分离效率有显著影响。其他因素，如粒子的初始位置和它们的密度，也进行了检查，并确定了它们对粒子吸引力的影响。磁场通过流体通道中的线偶极子施加。模拟结果表明，粒子聚集在线偶极子所在的通道区域，并且在偶极子起始处粒子浓度高于其他区域。增大磁场强度可显著提高分离效率，增大流体速度可降低分离效率。在速度为0.2 m / s时，将磁场强度从0.6 T增加到3 T，捕获效率从69%提高到91%。同样，在磁场强度为1 T时，将流体速度从0.3 m / s降低到0.1 m / s，捕获效率翻了一番。在最佳状态下，最大场强与最小速度相结合，效率可达98%。更大的粒子直径和更高的密度对粒子吸引力有积极的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Energy absorption and dissipation mechanisms in deep gangue backfills under static loading 静载作用下深部矸石充填体能量吸收与耗散机制

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.122011

Xiaoming Shi , Xuejie Deng , Jichu Wang , Xing Liu , Gustavo Paneiro , Fei Wang

As mining moves deeper, gangue backfill is increasingly used as an energy-absorbing medium for dynamic hazard control. However, the way in which particle-size gradation regulates static energy absorption and breakage in deep backfills remains unclear. This study combines confined compression tests with multiscale discrete element method (DEM) simulations on five single-size and five continuous gradations within 0–20 mm. These experiments clarify how particle-size gradation governs the evolution of energy absorption and dissipation under static loading. The results show that fines (< 5 mm) fill voids in the coarse skeleton and strengthen the force-chain network, so that a 0–20 mm full-size gradation reduces compressive strain by about 3.9 % and increases axial rebound by 6.7 % compared with single-size fractions. Coarse particles (> 10 mm) control crushing-related dissipation at high stress and act as sacrificial energy absorbers. Single-size systems have larger breakage ratios than full-size gradations, which confirms the shielding effect of fines and a three-stage sequence of densification, delayed breakage, and consolidation. An energy valley is observed for maximum particle sizes of 10–16 mm, where stress dispersion by fines and incomplete activation of coarse-particle breakage generate the lowest total and breakage energies. When the volume fraction of particles larger than 10 mm exceeds about 45 %, breakage energy and static energy-absorption efficiency increase severalfold. On this basis, a linkage model between particle-size gradation and energy-absorption efficiency is established to support backfill design and dynamic hazard control in deep mining.

随着矿山开采的深入，矸石充填体越来越多地作为吸能介质进行动态危害控制。然而，颗粒级配对深部充填体静态能量吸收和破坏的调节机制尚不清楚。本研究将密闭压缩试验与多尺度离散元法（DEM）模拟相结合，对0-20 mm范围内的五个单一尺寸和五个连续级配进行了模拟。这些实验阐明了颗粒级配如何控制静载荷下能量吸收和耗散的演变。结果表明，细粒（5 mm）填充了粗骨架中的空隙，强化了力链网络，因此与单一粒径级配相比，0-20 mm全粒径级配可使压缩应变降低约3.9%，轴向回弹提高6.7%。粗颗粒（> 10 mm）在高应力下控制破碎相关耗散，并充当牺牲能量吸收器。单粒径体系比全粒径级配具有更大的破碎率，这证实了细粒的屏蔽作用以及致密化、延迟破碎和固结的三个阶段顺序。最大粒径为10-16 mm时，存在能量谷，其中细粒的应力分散和粗颗粒破碎的不完全激活产生最低的总能量和破碎能量。当大于10 mm的颗粒体积分数超过45%左右时，破碎能和静态吸能效率提高数倍。在此基础上，建立了颗粒级配与吸能效率的联动模型，为深部开采充填体设计和动态危害控制提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of environmental pressure on submarine granular avalanches slope characteristics 环境压力对海底颗粒雪崩坡面特征的影响

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.122024

Aibing Zhang , Yawei Zhang , Yuxiang Hu , Guowei Dai , Wuwei Mao , Yu Huang , Hu Zheng

Submarine granular avalanches can result in catastrophic consequences, which are related to the unique undersea environment. However, few studies on the flow characteristics of submarine granular avalanches have considered the influence of water pressure environment at different depths. In this paper, the effect of water pressure on the flow characteristics of submarine granular avalanches is investigated using a rotating drum capable of providing various water pressure levels. By extracting the statistical data pertaining to episodic avalanches, it was found that as water pressure increases, the avalanche angle gradually decreases. The escalation of water pressure leads to a reduction in the standard deviation of the slope time series data. This indicates that increasing environmental pressure exerts a weakening effect on avalanche amplitude. Additionally, with increasing water pressure, the erosive effect exerted by the surrounding water on the collapsing granular flow gradually diminishes. This study provides new insights into the flow characteristics of submarine granular avalanches.

海底颗粒雪崩会造成灾难性的后果，这与独特的海底环境有关。然而，对海底颗粒雪崩流动特性的研究中，很少考虑不同深度水压环境的影响。本文采用可提供不同水压水平的转鼓，研究了水压对海底颗粒状雪崩流动特性的影响。通过对偶发性雪崩统计数据的提取，发现随着水压的增加，雪崩角度逐渐减小。水压的增大导致斜率时间序列数据的标准差减小。这表明环境压力的增加对雪崩振幅的影响减弱。另外，随着水压力的增大，周围水对崩落颗粒流的侵蚀作用逐渐减弱。该研究为海底颗粒状雪崩的流动特性提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Solventless amorphization and pelletization using a mechanical powder processor; investigation of effective approaches for preparing amorphous drug-layered pellets 采用机械粉末处理机进行无溶剂非晶化和制粒；制备非晶药物层状微丸的有效方法研究

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.122006

Keita Kondo, Yukiya Endo, Toshiyuki Niwa

This study investigated a solventless amorphization and pelletization technique using a mechanical powder processer, which can produce amorphous drug-layered pellets by mechanical processing of drug crystals and inactive spheres without using solvents or heating. The aim of this study was to shorten the processing time required for full amorphization of the drug as well as to achieve high loading of the amorphized drug onto the pellets. Indomethacin crystals and corn starch particles were mechanically treated at various processing times, rotor speeds, sample volumes, and weight ratios, and the pellets obtained were characterized using solid-state and particle analytical techniques. At 10 % drug loading to the carrier, the processing time required to amorphize the drug fully was 10 min, which is significantly shorter than using conventional granulators. The amorphization efficiency was determined by the specific power input to the samples, controllable by the rotor speed. Also, the volume reduction due to rotor revolution affected the amorphization of the drug. In the mechanical processing of indomethacin and starch at various weight ratios using the optimized conditions, fully amorphized drug-layered pellets with a drug content of around 15 % could be obtained, which exhibited supersaturation dissolution characteristics.

本研究研究了一种利用机械粉末处理机的无溶剂非晶化和成球技术，该技术可以在不使用溶剂或加热的情况下，通过对药物晶体和非活性球的机械加工，生产出非晶态药物层状颗粒。本研究的目的是缩短药物完全非晶化所需的处理时间，并实现非晶化药物在微球上的高负荷。在不同的处理时间、转速、样品体积和重量比下，对吲哚美辛晶体和玉米淀粉颗粒进行机械处理，并使用固态和颗粒分析技术对得到的颗粒进行表征。在10%的药物装载到载体上时，药物完全非晶化所需的处理时间为10分钟，这比使用传统造粒机要短得多。非晶化效率由输入样品的比功率决定，由转子转速控制。此外，由于转子旋转导致的体积减小影响了药物的非晶化。在优化条件下，对不同重量比的吲哚美辛和淀粉进行机械加工，可得到药物含量在15%左右的完全非定形药物层状微球，具有过饱和溶出特性。

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引用次数: 0

Energetics optimization of pneumatic conveying systems due to pressure signal analysis for Geldard Group C and A bulk solids 基于压力信号分析的气力输送系统对格尔达德C组和A组散装固体的能量优化

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.122023

M. Dikty

A pneumatic conveying can take place in different flow modes also depending on the bulk solid (granulate or fine particles). The optimization of pneumatic conveying systems in terms of energy saving, grain destruction and pipe wear is usually carried out for granules by operating the pneumatic conveying system at the pressure drop minimum. With fine particles, however, the pressure drop minimum is not as pronounced as with granules. Furthermore, it makes sense from an energy point of view to operate the pneumatic conveying system of fine particles to the left side of the pressure drop minimum in the state diagram. However, this is associated with pressure fluctuations. In this paper, the pressure pulsation is systematically investigated in dependence of the Geldart Group C and A. Five different bulk solids were used, two of Geldart Group A and three of Group C. The pressure signal of the pneumatic conveying line was used to identify the point of beginning pipe blockages. The evaluation of pressure fluctuations is systematically linked to the solid loading ratio (SLR), the Froude number, and the Euler number through dimensional analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the resulting relationships are conducted.

The pulse amplitude rises sharply near the blockage velocity; an increase >45° in the pulse-amplitude–Froude diagram marks the limit below which the gas velocity should not be further reduced. The ratio of maximum amplitudes is at least 4.3 and can increase up to 11.2. The slope of pulse growth also indicates the energetic optimum, identified by a slope > 45°.

气动输送可以发生在不同的流动模式也取决于散装固体（颗粒或细颗粒）。气力输送系统在节能、破坏颗粒和管道磨损方面的优化通常是通过使气力输送系统在压降最小的情况下运行来实现的。然而，对于细颗粒，最小压降不像颗粒那么明显。此外，从能量的角度来看，将细颗粒的气力输送系统运行在状态图中压降最小的左侧是有意义的。然而，这与压力波动有关。本文系统地研究了与Geldart C组和A组相关的压力脉动。采用五种不同的散装固体，两种为Geldart A组，三种为C组。利用气力输送管线的压力信号来识别管道开始堵塞的点。通过量纲分析，将压力波动的评价与固体载荷比（SLR）、弗劳德数和欧拉数系统地联系起来。对由此产生的关系进行定性和定量评估。在堵塞速度附近，脉冲幅度急剧上升；在脉冲振幅-弗劳德图中增加45°标志着气体速度不应进一步降低的极限。最大振幅之比至少为4.3，可增加至11.2。脉冲增长的斜率也表明能量最优，斜率为45°。

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