Powder Technology最新文献

英文中文

Application of liquid metal driven-abrasive flow to material removal for the inner surface of channel 液态金属驱动磨料流在沟道内表面材料去除中的应用

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120487

Yapeng Ma, Baoqi Feng, Kaixiang Li, Lei Zhang

Gallium-based eutectic liquid metal alloys possess unique properties such as deformability, high electrical conductivity, and low vapor pressure. These characteristics have generated significant interest in their application for stretchable electronics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Precise manipulation of liquid metal within electrolytes is essential to meet specific functional requirements. This study investigates the electrostatic manipulation of liquid metal in an alkaline solution with abrasives for material removal from the inner surfaces of flow channels. The polarization of the double layer at the gallium‑indium alloy and electrolyte interface is analyzed, elucidating the principle of electrolyte propulsion via continuous electrowetting. A theoretical model is developed, and two- and three-dimensional transient and steady-state simulations of the liquid metal-driven abrasive flow are conducted. Results demonstrate that this method effectively removes material from the inner walls of straight channels during cyclic motion. Utilizing continuous electrowetting, an experimental apparatus was designed, where gallium‑indium liquid metal propelled silicon carbide abrasives against PMMA channel walls. Experimental results showed effective material removal, consistent with finite element simulations, confirming the feasibility of this innovative approach.

镓基共晶液态金属合金具有可变形性、高导电性和低蒸气压等独特的性能。这些特性对其在可拉伸电子和微机电系统（MEMS）中的应用产生了极大的兴趣。精确操作电解液中的液态金属对于满足特定的功能要求至关重要。本研究探讨了在碱性溶液中用磨料对液态金属进行静电处理以去除流道内表面的物质。分析了镓铟合金与电解液界面处的双层极化，阐明了电解液通过连续电润湿推进的原理。建立了理论模型，对液态金属驱动磨料流动进行了二维和三维瞬态和稳态模拟。结果表明，该方法可以有效地去除循环运动中直流道内壁的物质。利用连续电润湿，设计了一种实验装置，在该装置中，镓铟液态金属推动碳化硅磨料对PMMA通道壁进行摩擦。实验结果表明，材料去除效果良好，与有限元模拟结果一致，证实了该创新方法的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical study on startup behaviors of dense powder conveying in powder fueled ramjets using modified TFM incorporated with μ(I) rheology theory 结合μ(I)流变理论的改进TFM方法对粉末燃料冲压发动机中密粉输送启动行为的数值研究

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120488

Shilin Gao, Haibin Zhang, Bofeng Bai

In-depth understandings of propellant conveying characteristics during startup stage are crucial for powder engine ignitions. A modified two-fluid model was presented for dense powder conveying in startup stage in this paper, in which the μ(I) rheology theory was implanted to replace kinetic theory of granular flow. New constructed model was employed to investigate the unsteady conveying characteristics, and three distinct sub-stages of dense powder conveying at startup stage and its competitive mechanisms were confirmed. In addition, the relative volatility was introduced to assess the effect of peak rate, and it was found that increases in the fluidizing gas pressure or the throat diameter were beneficial to the stability of conveying. This paper provides a new numerical approach for predicting the startup behaviors of dense powder conveying, and offers new insights into the dynamics of dense powder conveying and references for the development of reliable ignition technology in powder fueled ramjets.

深入了解启动阶段推进剂输送特性对粉末发动机点火至关重要。本文提出了一种改进的双流体模型，该模型以μ(I)流变性理论取代颗粒流动力学理论。采用新建立的模型对非定常输送特性进行了研究，确定了密粉输送启动阶段的三个不同子阶段及其竞争机理。此外，引入相对挥发性来评价峰值速率的影响，发现流化气体压力或喉部直径的增加有利于输送的稳定性。本文为致密粉末输送启动行为的预测提供了一种新的数值方法，为致密粉末输送动力学提供了新的认识，为粉末燃料冲压发动机可靠点火技术的开发提供了参考。

引用次数: 0

An improved method to process the data of optical Fiber signals for identifying the instantaneous flow structure in a gas-solid fluidized bed 一种用于识别气固流化床瞬时流动结构的光纤信号数据处理的改进方法

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120475

Weixing Jin, Yuzhen Song, Lingyu Li, Chenglin E, Yiping Fan, Chunxi Lu

The instantaneous signals recorded with the optical fiber probe (OFP) directly reflect the hydrodynamic behaviors in fluidized beds. A new data-processing method is put forward to calculate the threshold voltage that is used to discern the bubble phase and emulsion phase. It is found that the threshold voltage is not only related to the flow pattern but also to the color of the used particles. Then the data-processing programs including the Fast Fourier filter have been developed for determining the flow characteristics such as the bubble/particle velocity, bubble/agglomerations chord length, etc. By comparing them with other different methods, the suitability of the proposed method for quantifying the hydrodynamic behaviors in bubble/turbulent fluidized beds is verified. Finally, this method is employed to analyze the characteristics of bubbles, agglomerations and particles in a gas-solid fluidized bed. It is found that the hydrodynamic behaviors of bubbling beds and turbulent beds have significant differences.

光纤探头（OFP）记录的瞬时信号直接反映了流化床中的流体动力学行为。提出了一种新的数据处理方法来计算用于识别气泡相和乳化液相的阈值电压。研究发现，阈值电压不仅与流态有关，而且与所用颗粒的颜色有关。然后，开发了包括快速傅立叶滤波器在内的数据处理程序，用于确定气泡/颗粒速度、气泡/团块弦长等流动特性。通过与其他不同方法的比较，验证了所提方法量化气泡/湍流流化床流体动力行为的适用性。最后，利用该方法对气固流化床中气泡、团聚体和颗粒的特性进行了分析。发现鼓泡床和湍流床的水动力行为有显著差异。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effect of waste glass and steel slag on mechanical property and microstructure of cement-based materials 废玻璃和钢渣对水泥基材料力学性能和微观结构的协同效应

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120479

Lu Wang , Zhiyang Gao , Qingqing Jin , Xuemei Zhang , Yan Ruan , Yuechen Li , Shuhua Liu

Cement production significantly contributes to CO₂ footprint and the utilization of solid wastes in this process not only promotes resource conservation but also enhances the properties of the resulting product. The synergistic effect of waste glass powder (WGP) and steel slag powder (SSP) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of cement-based materials has been investigated. The findings indicate that when WGP or SSP is used to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) individually, with replacement levels ranging from 0 to 45 %, the compressive strength decreases considerably. In WGP group the reduction rate varies from 30 % to 50 % and in SSP group it ranges from 10 % to 50 % during the early hydration stages (3-28 d). However, by 90d the reduction is less notably. During later hydration, the pozzolanic reaction of WGP reduces the Ca(OH)₂ content and leading to a redistribution of hydration products, while SSP can be activated to form additional C-S-H gel and Ca(OH)₂. The combined use of WGP and SSP demonstrates an acceleration effect on OPC at early stages, and the hydration of SSP generates Ca(OH)₂ to promote the pozzolanic reaction of WGP during later hydration. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of WGP and SSP can deliver enhanced economic and environmental advantages.

水泥生产对二氧化碳足迹的贡献很大，在这一过程中对固体废物的利用不仅促进了资源节约，而且提高了所得产品的性能。研究了废玻璃粉（WGP）和钢渣粉（SSP）对水泥基材料力学性能和微观结构的协同作用。研究结果表明，当WGP或SSP单独替代普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）时，替代水平在0 ~ 45%之间，抗压强度显著降低。在早期水化阶段（3-28 d）， WGP组的还原率为30% - 50%，SSP组的还原率为10% - 50%。然而，到90d时，还原率不那么明显。在后期水化过程中，WGP的火山灰反应降低了Ca(OH)2的含量，导致水化产物的重新分配，而SSP可以被活化形成额外的C-S-H凝胶和Ca(OH)2。WGP和SSP的联合使用在早期对OPC有加速作用，SSP的水化产生Ca(OH)2，促进了WGP水化后期的火山灰反应。此外，WGP和SSP的协同效应可以带来更大的经济和环境优势。

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引用次数: 0

Force analysis of bubble-particle detachment colliding with a solid surface 气泡粒子与固体表面碰撞的脱落力分析

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120454

Junji Wang , Wei Huang , Ning Yao , Chuanlong Yang , Songying Chen , Guichao Wang

This is the second in a series of papers concerned with bubble-particle detachment colliding with a solid surface. Part I [22] explored, experimentally, the detachment of a particle from the surface of a bubble colliding with a solid surface in mimic of the pulp-froth interface. Detachment was seen to be dependent on interactions between the bubble-particle aggregate and the solid surface, which is characterized by the inclination angle. A neck was formed during the detachment process between a particle and a bubble. Zoom in images of bubble-particle aggregate are used to extract parameters on contact angle and three-phase contact, which can be used to calculate forces acting on the particle.

Part II presents calculations of the forces in the particle detaching processes, which is essential to the modelling of coarse particle flotation processes. It is found that advancing contact angle serves as a prerequisite for the particle detachment in both particle detachment modes, i.e. rebound detachment and slip detachment. The advancing contact angle makes the three-phase contact line contract and move over the location of the maximum capillary force. After which the particle is likely on the track of detachment.

This study provides detailed experimental observations and calculations of the forces acting on particles during separation, analyzes the forces between particles attached to bubbles when aggregates collide with a flat wall, and provides the first quantitative analysis of the impact of contact angle hysteresis on the separation mechanism, providing new insights for applications in the field of transportation and beneficiation.

本文是关于气泡粒子与固体表面碰撞时脱离的系列论文的第二篇。第一部分[22]通过实验探索了粒子从气泡表面脱离的情况，气泡与固体表面碰撞时模拟了纸浆-泡沫界面。实验表明，脱离取决于气泡-颗粒聚合体与固体表面之间的相互作用，而这种相互作用以倾斜角为特征。在颗粒与气泡分离的过程中会形成一个颈部。气泡-颗粒集合体的放大图像用于提取接触角和三相接触参数，这些参数可用于计算作用在颗粒上的力。研究发现，在两种颗粒脱落模式（即反弹脱落和滑动脱落）中，推进接触角是颗粒脱落的先决条件。前进接触角使三相接触线收缩并移动到毛细管力最大的位置。本研究对分离过程中作用于颗粒的力进行了详细的实验观察和计算，分析了聚集体与平壁碰撞时附着在气泡上的颗粒之间的力，并首次定量分析了接触角滞后对分离机理的影响，为运输和选矿领域的应用提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Cold compressive strength of iron ore pellets in distinct reduction stages 不同还原阶段铁矿球团的冷抗压强度

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120478

Olli Vitikka , Mikko Iljana , Anne Heikkilä , Pauli Pekuri , Simo Isokääntä , Timo Fabritius

The worldwide use of blast furnaces (BF) in ironmaking continues. The generation of fine matter in the BF shaft hampers the furnace operation and causes particle emissions. The tendency of the main charge of the BFs, iron ore pellets, to produce fines during the process is evaluated by means of standardized tests performed at a low constant temperature. In this work, the durability of commercial acid pellets was evaluated by performing cold compressive strength tests on samples that had been exposed to high-temperature experiments aiming for different reduction degrees in a laboratory-scale furnace simulating actual BF conditions. Strength was found to have decreased to a minimum of approximately 59 % of the original result when the reduction degree was 19 %. The studied pellet achieved a comparatively good result in the standardized low-temperature reduction-disintegration test, which shows the uncertainty of current methods in the evaluation of ferrous burden materials.

炼铁高炉（BF）在全球范围内的使用仍在继续。高炉炉膛中产生的细粒物质会妨碍高炉的运行并导致颗粒排放。通过在低温恒温条件下进行的标准化测试，对高炉的主要炉料（铁矿球团）在生产过程中产生细粒的趋势进行了评估。在这项工作中，通过对在实验室规模的熔炉中模拟实际 BF 条件进行不同还原度高温实验的样品进行冷抗压强度测试，对商用酸性球团的耐久性进行了评估。结果发现，当还原度为 19% 时，强度最低下降到原始结果的约 59%。所研究的球团在标准化低温还原-解体试验中取得了相对较好的结果，这表明了目前评估铁质包袱材料方法的不确定性。

引用次数: 0

ECVT imaging and CFD simulation of particle flow in a 90° bend 90° 弯道中粒子流的 ECVT 成像和 CFD 模拟

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120476

Xichen Gu, Daoye Yang, Aofang Guo, Mengtao Zhang, Shuxian Zhang

Gas-solid two-phase flow characteristics in a 90° bend within a pneumatic conveying system are critical for design and performance optimization, impacting conveying efficiency and system safety. Electrical Capacitance Volumetric Tomography (ECVT) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed in this study to investigate the flow characteristics in the bend. The ECVT system for bends was validated through static tests. A setup with a 36 mm inner diameter was constructed for high-speed 3D imaging of 0.9 mm quartz particles. Flow patterns, solid-phase concentration, particle velocity spectra, and mass flow rate were analyzed under various gas velocities. The Euler-Lagrange method and SST K-ω model were used to simulate particle flow and pipe wall erosion numerically. Results indicate diverse flow patterns across different gas velocities, where moderate turbulence enhances efficiency and limits erosion. This study offers an experimental basis for predicting and controlling particle motion, providing scientific guidance for optimizing pneumatic systems.

气力输送系统 90° 弯道中的气固两相流特性对于设计和性能优化至关重要，会影响输送效率和系统安全。本研究采用电容体积断层扫描（ECVT）和计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟来研究弯管中的流动特性。通过静态测试验证了用于弯管的 ECVT 系统。构建了一个内径为 36 毫米的装置，用于对 0.9 毫米的石英颗粒进行高速三维成像。分析了各种气体速度下的流动模式、固相浓度、颗粒速度谱和质量流量。采用欧拉-拉格朗日法和 SST K-ω 模型对颗粒流动和管壁侵蚀进行了数值模拟。结果表明，不同气速下的流动模式各不相同，适度的湍流可提高效率并限制侵蚀。这项研究为预测和控制颗粒运动提供了实验基础，为优化气动系统提供了科学指导。

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of the effect of interstitial liquid on the shear characteristics of geotechnical granular materials 间隙液体对岩土颗粒材料剪切特性影响的实验研究

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120474

Yuxiang Hu , Dong Yang , Wenqing Niu , Weilong Zhang , Wei Teng , Hu Zheng

Interstitial liquid between particles is a significant factor affecting the shear characteristics of geotechnical granular materials. To further investigate this issue, this study systematically conducted ring shear tests on quartz sand with different saturations and particle sizes. It was found that the impact of saturation on the shear characteristics of quartz sand has a strong correlation with particle size. The effective friction coefficient of coarse sand shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing saturation. The volume strain changes of quartz sand during shearing can be divided into three stages, with the trend in each stage significantly affected by saturation and particle size. The absolute crushing rate of coarse sand gradually decreases with increasing saturation. The smaller the particle size, the lower the likelihood of breakage. The findings provide scientific basis for further understanding the dynamic mechanisms behind the shear deformation and failure-induced disasters of geotechnical granular materials.

颗粒之间的间隙液体是影响岩土颗粒材料剪切特性的一个重要因素。为了进一步研究这一问题，本研究系统地对不同饱和度和粒径的石英砂进行了环剪试验。结果发现，饱和度对石英砂剪切特性的影响与粒径有很大的相关性。粗砂的有效摩擦系数随着饱和度的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势。石英砂在剪切过程中的体积应变变化可分为三个阶段，各阶段的变化趋势受饱和度和粒度的影响较大。粗砂的绝对破碎率随饱和度的增加而逐渐降低。粒度越小，破碎的可能性越小。研究结果为进一步了解岩土颗粒材料剪切变形和破坏诱发灾害背后的动力机制提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Regulatory mechanism and applicability of pulsed gas on drying uniformity of non-spherical wet grains in a fluidized-bed 脉冲气体对流化床非球形湿颗粒干燥均匀性的调节机理及适用性

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120477

Hanru Liu , Yurong He , Tianqi Tang , Ming Zhai

Pulsed gas can regulate the uniform fluidization of particles, thereby enhancing the product quality of wet grains after drying. However, due to the diversity of grain shapes, the regulatory mechanism and applicability of pulsed gas on the drying uniformity of grains remain unclear. This study used an improved CFD-DEM drying model for wet grains to investigate how particle shape and pulsed frequency affect flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer. The results showed that increasing pulsed frequency can change the particle mixing mechanism from convective to diffusive, and reduce the particle residence time in high-temperature regions. The formation frequency of horizontal channel-like bubbles influences the mesoscale structure evolution and interphase heat transfer uniformity. However, higher pulsed frequency decreases contact time between particles and bubbles, requiring a balance between mixing intensity and bubble contact. Finally, the intercriteria correlation method quantified the applicability of pulsed frequency for drying particles with different shapes.

脉冲气体可以调节颗粒的均匀流化，从而提高干燥后湿颗粒的产品质量。然而，由于颗粒形状的多样性，脉冲气体对颗粒干燥均匀性的调节机制和适用性尚不清楚。本研究采用改进的CFD-DEM湿颗粒干燥模型，研究颗粒形状和脉冲频率对流动、传热和传质的影响。结果表明，提高脉冲频率可以使颗粒的混合机制由对流转变为扩散，减少颗粒在高温区域的停留时间。水平通道状气泡的形成频率影响中尺度结构演化和相间换热均匀性。然而，较高的脉冲频率减少了颗粒和气泡之间的接触时间，需要在混合强度和气泡接触之间取得平衡。最后，采用准则间关联法量化了脉冲频率对不同形状颗粒干燥的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Soil flow behavior in baffled rotary drum based icy lunar regolith simulant preparation 基于折板转鼓的冰月壤模拟制备中的土壤流动特性

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120460

Zhiheng Zhang , Guanxin Chi , Junyue Tang , Shengyuan Jiang , Ye Tian , Weiwei Zhang , Ziheng Liu

Icy lunar regolith(ILR) exists in lunar permanently shadowed regions. The preparation of ILR simulant is crucial for conducting ground-based tests for in-situ resource utilization(ISRU). To improve the fidelity of ILR, a novel method for ILR preparation was introduced, termed the water molecule deposition coating(WMDC) method, anchored in the natural formation mechanism of ILR. The cold regolith particles undergo complete tumbling, effectively trapping the water molecules. ILR samples were evaluated for uniformity in water content and micro-morphological characteristics to substantiate the effectiveness of this method. The discrete element method(DEM) was used to analyze the motion and mixing processes of lunar regolith particles within a baffled rotary drum and to determine the impact of various conditions on particle flow behaviors. The results revealed positive correlations between rotation speed, baffle number, and filling degree with central particle density (CPD), with optimal mixing index (MI) achieved at higher rotation speeds and lower filling degrees.

冰冷的月球风化层（ILR）存在于月球永久阴影区。ILR模拟物的制备是进行原位资源利用地面试验的关键。为了提高ILR的保真度，提出了一种基于ILR自然形成机理的制备ILR的新方法——水分子沉积涂层（WMDC）方法。冷的风化层颗粒经过彻底的翻滚，有效地捕获了水分子。对ILR样品的含水量均匀性和微形态特征进行了评价，以证实该方法的有效性。采用离散元法（DEM）分析了月壤颗粒在挡板转鼓内的运动和混合过程，确定了不同条件对颗粒流动行为的影响。结果表明：转速、挡板数、填充度与中心颗粒密度（CPD）呈正相关，且转速越高、填充度越低时，混合指数（MI）越优。

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引用次数: 0

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