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Trazando fronteras: reflexiones sociológicas sobre la constitución de los expertos y el saber experto en los casos de la Dietología y la Cancerología en Argentina (1920-1940) 划定边界:对阿根廷饮食和癌症病例专家组成和专家知识的社会学反思(1920-1940年)
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.15446/hys.n39.81006
José Buschini
Este articulo analiza aspectos vinculados con el modo en que la profesion medica expandio su influencia en la Argentina, desde una preocupacion puntual referida al papel de los expertos y el saber experto en la configuracion de practicas sociales. Con ese fin, se concentra en el establecimiento y consolidacion institucional de dos campos intelectuales y especialidades medicas, la Cancerologia y la Dietologia, entre las decadas de 1920 y 1940. En este marco, presta especial atencion a una serie de procesos que fueron clave para el trazado de fronteras entre expertos y legos en esos nuevos dominios de saber y practica: las iniciativas para institucionalizar la formacion de nivel superior y la emision de mensajes expertos a traves de los medios de masas y la educacion de nivel inicial y medio. Por ultimo, analiza algunos casos en los que los expertos y sus saberes fueron cuestionados o ignorados, algo que sugiere ciertos limites frente a los procesos de demarcacion entre expertos y legos.
这篇文章分析了与医学专业如何扩大其在阿根廷的影响力有关的方面,从对专家和专家知识在形成社会实践中的作用的具体关注开始。为此,它的重点是在1920年代至1940年代建立和体制巩固癌症学和营养学这两个知识领域和医学专业。在这一框架内,它特别注意一系列进程,这些进程是在这些新的知识和实践领域划定专家和非专业人员之间界限的关键:使高级培训制度化的倡议以及通过大众媒体传播专家信息以及初级和中级教育。最后,他分析了一些专家及其知识受到质疑或忽视的案例,这表明在专家和非专业人员之间的划界过程中存在某些限制。
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引用次数: 0
Desplazamientos, desposesión y violencias 流离失所、剥夺财产和暴力
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.15446/hys.n39.88602
Bela Feldman-Bianco, Eduardo Domenech, L. Sanjurjo
Presentación de los editores invitados para el número 39.
第39期特邀编辑的介绍。
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引用次数: 2
Bocetos de infancia: la libreta “Dibujos del hogar” de Francisco Antonio Cano (1895) 童年素描:弗朗西斯科·安东尼奥·卡诺(1895)的《家庭素描》
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.15446/hys.n39.82593
Verónica Uribe
Francisco Antonio Cano dibujo a sus hijos en una libreta que titulo “Dibujos del hogar” conmemorando asi el dia a dia de su familia. Este articulo propone que este libro de bebe tuvo dos objetivos principales: inmortalizar a sus hijos registrando la fugacidad de la infancia y dibujar como excusa para evidenciar al dibujante. Este texto plantea que el momento pasajero de la ninez se conmemoro a traves de un medio que es por definicion momentaneo. Haciendo un cuidadoso analisis visual de este objeto, enmarcandolo dentro de un contexto estetico sobre el genero del boceto, y haciendo un seguimiento del tema de infancia en la obra del artista, el articulo propone una lectura sobre un objeto hasta el momento no estudiado que permite entender a Cano como un pintor moderno, intimo y familiar. La practica de abocetar se enmarca en esta libreta donde la ninez aparece representada como un instante de tiempo que se desvanece a traves del acto momentaneo del padre-artista que dibuja.
弗朗西斯科·安东尼奥·卡诺(Francisco Antonio Cano)在一本名为《家的图画》(drawn of the home)的笔记本上画了他的孩子们,以纪念他们家庭的日常生活。在这篇文章中,我们发现了一种新的方法,在这种方法中,孩子们在童年的短暂中被记录下来,并以绘画作为展示艺术家的理由。这篇文章指出,九岁的短暂时刻是通过一种定义为瞬间的媒介来纪念的。可视做认真分析这碗内,在enmarcandolo素描方面estetico关于性别问题,问题和跟进儿童作品的艺术家,该文章阅读对象目前很多可以理解现代白色作为一个画家,亲密和家庭。abocetar的实践被框定在这个笔记本中,ninez被描绘成一个时间的瞬间,通过绘画的父亲艺术家的瞬间行为消失了。
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引用次数: 0
“No se pueden llevar a mi esposo”: desaparición forzada y desplazamiento interno forzado en el contexto de la guerra contra el narcotráfico en Michoacán (México) “他们不能带走我的丈夫”:michoacan(墨西哥)打击毒品战争背景下的强迫失踪和强迫国内流离失所
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.15446/hys.n39.82973
May-ek Querales-Mendoza
This paper offers a reflection on the relationship that has been established in Mexico between forced disappearance and forced internal displacement. These victimizing facts are usually studied separately, both in the legal and academic fields, with the aim of highlighting grievances. However, seven years of research on the drug war, related violence, and Human Rights violations in Mexico, has allowed me to observe that the grievances, caused by forced disappearance and forced internal displacement, are experienced by the survivors in a continues flux. Under this logic, I use the extended case method to present how forced disappearance has been a tool to strip away agricultural avocado and red fruit producers from their plots in the state of Michoacan, and the last consequence has been gradual process of forced internal displacements.
本文对墨西哥已确立的强迫失踪与强迫国内流离失所之间的关系进行了反思。在法律和学术领域,这些受害的事实通常是分开研究的,目的是突出冤屈。然而,对墨西哥毒品战争、相关暴力和侵犯人权行为进行了七年的研究,使我观察到,幸存者在不断变化中经历了由强迫失踪和被迫国内流离失所引起的不满。在这种逻辑下,我使用扩展案例方法来展示强迫消失如何成为一种工具,将米却肯州的农业鳄梨和红水果生产者从他们的土地上剥离出来,最后的后果是强迫内部流离失所的渐进过程。
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引用次数: 2
Reflexiones filosófico-políticas en torno a la criminalización de las prácticas de solidaridad hacia migrantes y refugiados en la actualidad. El caso de Carola Rackete (2019) 关于将目前对移民和难民的团结做法定为刑事犯罪的哲学和政治思考。卡罗拉·拉克特案(2019年)
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.15446/hys.n39.82846
A. Penchaszadeh, S. Sferco
In this article we offer a political philosophical analysis of an “exemplary” case of criminalization of solidarity towards migrants and refugees today: the case of Carola Rackete, captain of Sea Watch 3 who starred in a rescue in the Mediterranean in 2019. Based on certain theoretical-conceptual developments by central authors of contemporary philosophy, such as Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Judith Butler, Etienne Balibar and Jacques Derrida, we seek to address the ethical and political contradictions entailed by the practices of solidarity towards people in situation of international mobility. The manuscript is divided into four sections: first, we analyze the legal status of the case; second, we address the legal-political struggle around the definition of “safe place” and the problem of “traffic borders”; third, we investigate the question of personalizing solidarity actions as a strategy for depoliticizing the humanitarian field; and last, we insist on the need to reposition the political scope of humanitarian law today.
在本文中,我们对当今将声援移民和难民定为刑事犯罪的一个“典型”案例进行了政治哲学分析:2019年,“海洋观察3号”船长卡罗拉·拉凯特(Carola Rackete)在地中海的一次救援中担任主角。基于当代哲学的核心作者,如米歇尔·福柯、乔治·阿甘本、朱迪思·巴特勒、艾蒂安·巴里巴和雅克·德里达的某些理论-概念发展,我们寻求解决在国际流动的情况下对人民的团结实践所带来的伦理和政治矛盾。全文共分为四个部分:首先,对案件的法律地位进行分析;其次,我们解决了围绕“安全场所”的定义和“交通边界”问题的法律-政治斗争;第三,我们研究将团结行动个人化作为人道主义领域非政治化战略的问题;最后,我们坚持认为今天需要重新定位人道主义法的政治范围。
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引用次数: 0
Tierras en disputa. El traslado de los pueblos de indios de Melipilla, Chile, siglos XVIII-XIX 土地争议。18 - 19世纪智利梅利皮拉印第安人村庄的迁移
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.15446/hys.n39.82595
Igor Goicovic, Andrea Armijo
The social and political conflicts surrounding the Melipilla indigenous peoples located in Chile’s central valley was constant throughout the eighteenth century. The conflict began with the displacement of the Melipilla indigenous people to the Maipo River after the founding of the village of San Jose de Logrono in 1742. Then, throughout the eighteenth century, the Melipilla indigenous people coexisted with new projects of land transfers and reductions promoted by the colonial administration and later by the patriot government of the early nineteenth century. However, the forced relocations to other indigenous peoples’ villages caused, over time, tension in the relations of coexistence between the peoples, likewise, it promoted the resistance of the population to the local authorities. This work aims to analyze the transfers and attempted relocations of indigenous peoples in the Melipilla party in the cycle that runs between 1750 and 1818 and to identify the manifestations of resistance and adaptation displayed by indigenous communities and local authorities. The study is supported by documentation from the funds of the Captaincy General, the Judiciary and Notaries of Melipilla, which are kept in the National Historical Archives of Chile.
在整个18世纪,围绕智利中央山谷的梅利皮拉土著人民的社会和政治冲突一直持续不断。这场冲突始于1742年圣何塞德洛格罗诺村建立后,梅利皮拉土著居民被驱逐到迈波河。然后,在整个18世纪,Melipilla土著人民与殖民政府和19世纪早期的爱国者政府推动的土地转让和减少的新项目共存。然而,随着时间的推移,强迫迁移到其他土著人民的村庄造成了各民族之间共存关系的紧张,同样,它促进了人民对地方当局的抵抗。本研究旨在分析在1750年至1818年的周期中,Melipilla党中土著人民的迁移和尝试重新安置,并确定土著社区和地方当局所表现出的抵抗和适应的表现。这项研究得到了梅利皮拉总督、司法机构和公证人基金提供的文件的支持,这些文件保存在智利国家历史档案馆。
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引用次数: 0
Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna y la ciencia: defensor de la astronomía popular en Chile a finales del siglo XIX benjamin vicuna Mackenna和科学:19世纪末智利流行天文学的倡导者
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.15446/hys.n38.79949
Verónica Ramírez-Errázuriz, Patricio Leyton-Alvarado
Benjamin Vicuna Mackenna was a prolific writer and collaborator of the Chilean press during the second half of the 19th century, and within this task he devoted several pages to scientific issues. This paper analyzes his texts dedicated to astronomical knowledge, many of them which had not been specifically studied before. The hypothesis seeks to demonstrate that Vicuna Mackenna’s main purpose, when talking about astronomy in the press, was to defend the popularization of this science, as well as other scientific disciplines. The perspective of this analysis considers the works of James Secord and Agusti Nieto-Galan, who affirm that science should not only be conceived as a practice in which formal institutions participate, but also diverse groups that make up society, the “publics” of science being relevant as active agents in the generation of knowledge.
本杰明·维库纳·麦肯纳是一位多产的作家,也是19世纪下半叶智利新闻界的合作者,在这项任务中,他花了几页时间来研究科学问题。本文分析了他关于天文知识的著述,其中有许多是前人没有专门研究过的。这一假说试图证明,当马肯纳在媒体上谈论天文学时,他的主要目的是捍卫这门科学以及其他科学学科的普及。这一分析的视角考虑了James Secord和Agusti Nieto-Galan的作品,他们确认科学不仅应该被视为一种正式机构参与的实践,而且应该被视为构成社会的各种群体,科学的“公众”作为知识生成的积极主体相关。
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引用次数: 2
Tiempo e investigación del pasado disciplinar. Las revistas de Ciencias Sociales en México (1920-1928) 时间和对过去学科的研究。墨西哥社会科学期刊(1920-1928)
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.15446/hys.n38.77293
Margarita Olvera-Serrano
Este trabajo analiza, desde una perspectiva orientada por la hermeneutica, la fenomenologia y la historia conceptual, la importancia que tiene para la investigacion y escritura de la historia de las ciencias sociales, la reflexion sobre la experiencia de la temporalidad que atraviesa sus objetos y practicas, asi como sus principales implicaciones para la observacion del pasado. En este orden de discusion, se argumenta la importancia de la reflexion conceptual para procesar e interrogar los acervos de conocimiento acumulados por las revistas especializadas en Mexico, como fuentes escriturarias en las que estan sedimentadas las huellas de proyectos, experiencias del tiempo e intereses intelectuales y practico-politicos en distintos periodos. Se hace un trazo de lo que este tipo de perspectiva puede aportar al conocimiento del pasado de estas disciplinas, a partir del examen de las conexiones pasado-presente-futuro predominantes en las incipientes ciencias sociales en Mexico en las revistas Ethnos, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Revista Mexicana de Economia y se examina su influencia en la idea de lo que podian y debian ser las ciencias sociales entre 1920 y 1928.
这个工作从为指导的角度分析,hermeneutica fenomenologia和历史概念,重视对社会科学调查和写作历史,reflexion的时序性的对象和实践体验,就是其observacion过去的主要意义。这种讨论,从概念reflexion处理的重要性,并询问acervos专门杂志在墨西哥,积累的知识来源escriturarias他们sedimentadas印在知识分子和practico-politicos项目经验的时间和利益在不同时期。前一个跟踪他的这种观点可为这些学科知识的过去,主要审查pasado-presente-futuro连接起新兴的社会科学在墨西哥Ethnos,社会科学杂志和期刊杂志墨西哥经济和影响力所述知道你们能和传球成为社会科学1920年至1928年。
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引用次数: 1
De la resistencia universitaria a la rebelión popular y del pacto democrático al terrorismo de Estado. Un análisis cuantitativo del movimiento estudiantil de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina), 1966-1976 大学对民众叛乱的抵抗和对国家恐怖主义的民主契约。阿根廷国立大学cordoba(1966-1976)学生运动的定量分析
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.15446/hys.n38.80543
M. Millán, Juan Sebastián Califa
In this paper we make a statistical analysis of the struggles of the student movement at the National University of Cordoba between the coup d’etat and the university intervention of 1966 and the establishment of the last civic-military dictatorship in 1976. We analyze the activation and reflux cycles, as well as the forms of action, the protagonists, the claims, the allies and the scenarios of the action. For this, work was carried out with an important database that meticulously recorded information about the confrontations assumed by the Cordoba students during this period. This database collects information from more than twenty Argentine newspapers, including those published in the City of Cordoba (La Voz del Interior, Los principios y Cordoba). In the conclusions of the article, the relevance in Cordoba of the three-year period between 1969 and 1971 is emphasized, given that it is the period where confrontations increase and student action becomes more disruptive, violence playing a prominent role. In addition, during these years there was the defeat of the dictatorship. Secondly, it is pointed out that it is not possible to establish a clear preeminence of any student block, even though the reformists carried out a greater number of actions. In that sense, we consider the disseminated statement about the preponderance of Peronism in the university ranks inappropriate for Cordoba and we suggest paying more attention to the evolution of student reformism.
在本文中,我们对科尔多瓦国立大学学生运动的斗争进行了统计分析,从1966年政变和大学干预到1976年建立最后一个文武独裁政权。我们分析了激活和回流循环,以及行动的形式,主角,主张,盟友和行动的场景。为此,在一个重要的数据库中进行了工作,该数据库精心记录了科尔多瓦学生在此期间所承担的对抗信息。该数据库收集来自20多份阿根廷报纸的信息,包括在科尔多瓦市出版的报纸(《内务报》、《科尔多瓦原则报》)。在文章的结论中,强调了1969年至1971年三年期间科尔多瓦的相关性,因为这是对抗增加的时期,学生行动变得更具破坏性,暴力发挥着突出作用。此外,在这几年里,独裁政权被打败了。其次,有人指出,即使改革派采取了更多的行动,也不可能确立任何学生团体的明显优势。从这个意义上说,我们认为关于庇隆主义在大学排名中占主导地位的传播声明不适合科尔多瓦,我们建议更多地关注学生改革主义的演变。
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引用次数: 3
Crisis contracultural y rock en la Ciudad de México: relaciones de producción, reproducción viva y sociabilidad. 1972-1977 墨西哥城的反文化危机与摇滚:生产关系、活的繁殖与社交。1972-1977
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.15446/hys.n38.79865
José Rodrigo Moreno-Elizondo
Este articulo reconstruye un periodo poco explorado de la historia musical en Mexico. El texto analiza la transformacion de las relaciones de produccion de la industria musical en la capital en el curso de descomposicion de la contracultura, de fortalecimiento del Estado autoritario y retraimiento musical al subterraneo. Da cuenta del constrenimiento de la produccion industrial, asi como de los espacios en radio y television en relacion con los musicos locales contraculturales. En ese sentido, sostiene que la reproduccion viva de la musica fue la principal determinacion de la esfera musical, lo que incidio no solo en el grado de autonomia creativa, sino la relacion con el nucleo industrial y con la propia comunidad musicalmente imaginada.
这篇文章重建了墨西哥音乐史上一个鲜为人知的时期。本文分析了在反主流文化瓦解、威权国家加强和音乐向地下退却过程中,首都音乐产业生产关系的转变。它描述了工业生产的建设,以及与当地反文化音乐家有关的广播和电视空间。从这个意义上说,他认为音乐的现场复制是音乐领域的主要决定因素,这不仅影响了创作自主的程度,而且影响了与工业核心和音乐想象社区本身的关系。
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引用次数: 0
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Historia y Sociedad
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