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Effect of Weather During Spring on the Time of Arrival of Bird Cherry-oat Aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) in Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Fields 春季天气对春大麦中鸟樱蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi L.)到达时间的影响字段
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719950135632
L. M. Hansen
Bird cherry-oat aphid is the principal pest of spring barley in Denmark. The time of arrival in the fields is an important element in deciding whether chemical control is needed. This paper describes a regression model managed by climate variables, which incorporate the biology of the bird cherry-oat aphid on its primary host, the bird cherry (Prunus padus L.). In the period 1987-1998, three to nine spring barley fields were monitored annually for the first occurrence of bird cherry-oat aphid. Different climatic variables were analysed in relation to the time of arrival, with a view to constructing a model. The analysis showed good correlation between the date of arrival into the fields after 1 May (D), day-degrees (DD) in February (TF), DD in March (TM), DD in April (TA), precipitation in April (PA) and precipitation in May until 15th (PM) according to the following model: D = 0.61TF - 0.17TM + 0.30TA - 0.46PA + 1.85PM (r 2=0.98, P<0.001, df=51). DD were calculated with a threshold temperature of 3°C. It...
鸟樱桃燕麦蚜虫是丹麦春大麦的主要害虫。到达田间的时间是决定是否需要化学防治的一个重要因素。本文描述了一个考虑鸟樱桃蚜对其主要寄主鸟樱桃(Prunus padus L.)生物学特性的气候变量管理的回归模型。1987-1998年,每年监测3 ~ 9块春大麦田首次发生鸟樱蚜。分析了不同的气候变量与到达时间的关系,以期建立一个模型。分析结果表明,5月1日后入田日期(D)、2月日度(DD)、3月日度(TM)、4月日度(TA)、4月降水量(PA)和5月至15日降水(PM)具有良好的相关性,模型为:D = 0.61TF - 0.17TM + 0.30TA - 0.46PA + 1.85PM (r 2=0.98, P<0.001, df=51)。DD在阈值温度为3℃时计算。它……
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引用次数: 7
Comparison of Three Indirect Methods for Prediction of Herbage Mass on Timothy-Meadow Fescue Pastures 三种间接预测草甸羊茅草场牧草质量的方法比较
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719950135579
P. Virkajärvi
A comparison of a disk meter, sward stick and capacitance meter was conducted to determine the prediction ability of different methods for estimation of herbage mass (HM) on timothy (Phleum pratense L.)-meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) pastures. A total of 714 paired observations was made on each instrument and corresponding cut HM (<1 cm). The variation in HM was adequately explained by linear models. Comparison was made separately for each occasion (DAY) since DAY had a significant influence on the parameter estimates for the sward stick and capacitance meter. The r 2 values varied between 0 and 0.91 and the residual standard deviations (RSD) between 132 and 1151 kg ha-1. The disk meter and the sward stick predicted most accurately HM kg ha-1, while the capacitance meter was the least accurate. The advantage of the disk meter was the stability of model parameters from day to day. The advantage of the sward stick is that the readings can be applied directly into practice. None of the methods is re...
通过对圆盘计、剑棒计和电容计的比较,探讨了不同估算方法对蒂莫西(Phleum pratense L.)-草甸羊茅(Festuca pratensis Huds.)牧场牧草质量(HM)的预测能力。在每台仪器和相应的切割HM (<1 cm)上共进行了714次配对观察。线性模型充分解释了HM的变化。由于DAY对刀杆和电容计的参数估计有显著影响,因此对每种情况(DAY)分别进行了比较。r2值在0 ~ 0.91之间,RSD值在132 ~ 1151 kg ha-1之间。圆盘计和刀杆计预测HM kg ha-1最准确,电容计预测精度最低。圆盘式仪表的优点是模型参数每天都很稳定。使用摇杆的好处是可以将阅读的内容直接应用到实践中。没有一种方法是正确的。
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引用次数: 29
Soil respiration in three soil types in agricultural ecosystems in Finland 芬兰农业生态系统中三种土壤类型的土壤呼吸
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719950135560
H. Koizumi, M. Kontturi, S. Mariko, T. Nakadai, Y. Bekku, T. Mela
Seasonal changes in soil respiration (SR), soil temperature (ST) and soil water content (SWC) were monitored in three different soil types (peat, sand and clay soils) in Finnish agricultural ecosystems. Rates of CO2 emission were measured by the closed chamber method using an infrared gas analyser (IRGA) at intervals of 2-3 weeks from May to October. The seasonal changes in SR were different among the soil types: peat soil, maximum rate (650 mg CO2 m-2 h-1) in summer, positive significant relation between SR and ST and negative relation between SR and SWC; sandy soil, stable SR (300 mg CO2 m-2 h-1) without seasonal changes, positive relation between SR and SWC and no significant relation between SR and ST; clay soil, maximum rate (500 mg CO2 m-2 h-1) in summer, highly positive significant relation between SR and ST and negative relation between SR and SWC. A statistical model was developed to predict the amount of CO2 evolved from the cultivated soils based on the relationships between SR and certain abio...
对芬兰农业生态系统3种不同土壤类型(泥炭土、沙土和粘土)土壤呼吸(SR)、土壤温度(ST)和土壤含水量(SWC)的季节变化进行了监测。从5月到10月,每隔2-3周使用红外气体分析仪(IRGA)采用封闭室法测量CO2排放率。不同土壤类型SR的季节变化不同:泥炭土,夏季最大速率(650 mg CO2 m-2 h-1), SR与ST呈显著正相关,SR与SWC呈负相关;沙质土壤,稳定的SR (300 mg CO2 m-2 h-1),无季节变化,SR与SWC呈正相关,SR与ST无显著相关;粘土土壤,夏季最大速率为500 mg CO2 m-2 h-1, SR与ST呈极显著正相关,SR与SWC呈负相关。基于土壤有机质含量与土壤有机质含量之间的关系,建立了预测耕地土壤CO2演化量的统计模型。
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引用次数: 50
Effects of Low Temperatures on Changes in Oligosaccharides, Phenolics and Peroxidase in Inner Bud of Onion Allium cepa L. During Break of Dormancy 低温对葱休眠结束时内芽中寡糖、酚类物质和过氧化物酶变化的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719950135605
N. Benkeblia, G. Selselet-Attou
The effects of low temperatures on the break of dormancy of onion bulbs and changes in oligosaccharides, phenolics and peroxidase activity were examined. Cold treatment at 9°C was more effective on break of dormancy than at 0°C, but in both cases cold temperatures caused a rapid break of dormancy. Changes in oligosaccharides and glucose were linked to sprouting stages, with higher concentrations at the onset of sprouting for cold treatments of 9°C for 3 weeks and 0°C for 2 weeks; for the other treatments (9°C for 2 weeks and 0°C for 3 weeks) the high concentrations were reached after sprouting. There was an inverse relation between sprouting on the one hand, and phenolics and peroxidase activity on the other hand. These results emphasized a positive effect of low temperature on breaking dormancy of onion bulbs and the negative role of phenolics and peroxidase on inner bud development.
研究了低温对洋葱鳞茎休眠的影响,以及低聚糖、酚类物质和过氧化物酶活性的变化。9°C的冷处理比0°C的冷处理对休眠的打破更有效,但在这两种情况下,低温都导致休眠的快速打破。低聚糖和葡萄糖的变化与发芽阶段有关,在9°C低温处理3周和0°C低温处理2周时,低聚糖和葡萄糖的浓度在发芽开始时较高;其他处理(9°C处理2周和0°C处理3周)在发芽后达到高浓度。发芽与酚类物质和过氧化物酶活性呈反比关系。这些结果强调了低温对打破洋葱鳞茎休眠的积极作用,而酚类物质和过氧化物酶对内芽发育的消极作用。
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引用次数: 34
Soil Nitrogen Depletion by Vegetable Crops with Variable Root Growth 变根蔬菜作物土壤氮素耗竭研究
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719950135597
K. Thorup-Kristensen, J. N. Sørensen
The ability of carrot, leek and white cabbage to deplete the soil inorganic nitrogen (N) pool was studied. All three crops are late-harvested crops with a long growing season, but they have been found to have very different root growth. At their optimal N supply, carrot left 27 kg nitrate-N ha-1 in the top 100 cm of the soil, leek left 87 kg N ha-1 and white cabbage left only 11 kg N ha-1, in accordance with previously published differences in rooting depth among the three crops. Compared at a supply of 160 kg N ha-1, 52, 65 and 4 kg nitrate-N ha-1 was left in the soil by carrot, leek and white cabbage respectively. Apart from an extensive root system, white cabbage also had a much higher N-uptake capacity than the two other crops. The significance of differences in root growth, N-uptake capacity and other factors in determining the ability of the three crops to deplete the soil inorganic N pool is discussed.
研究了胡萝卜、韭菜和大白菜对土壤无机氮库的耗竭能力。这三种作物都是生长季节较长的晚收作物,但它们的根系生长情况却大不相同。在最佳氮素供应下,胡萝卜在土壤顶部100 cm处留下27 kg N - hm -1,韭菜留下87 kg N - hm -1,白卷心菜只留下11 kg N - hm -1,这与之前发表的三种作物的生根深度差异一致。与160 kg N hm -1相比,胡萝卜、韭菜和白甘蓝的土壤硝态氮残留量分别为52、65和4 kg。除了根系粗大外,白甘蓝的吸氮能力也比其他两种作物高得多。讨论了根系生长、氮吸收能力等因素的差异对三种作物耗竭土壤无机氮库能力的影响。
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引用次数: 40
Effects of Different Carbon Dioxide and Ozone Concentrations on Shoot Growth of Phleum pratense L. and Betula pubescens Ehrh. as Influenced by Day Length and Irradiance 不同浓度二氧化碳和臭氧对白桦和短毛桦茎部生长的影响。受白昼长度和辐照度的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719950135704
L. Mortensen
Seedlings of Phleum pratense L. (timothy) and Betula pubescens Ehrh. (mountain birch) were grown for 37 or 42 days at all combinations of two CO2
白桦(Phleum pratense L.)和桦(Betula pubescens Ehrh)幼苗。(山桦树)在两种CO2的所有组合下生长37或42天
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引用次数: 3
Foliar Injuries Caused by Ozone in Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Phleum pratense L. as Influenced by Climatic Conditions Before and During O3 Exposure 臭氧对短毛桦树叶片的伤害。臭氧暴露前和暴露期间气候条件的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719950135696
L. Mortensen
Seedlings of Betula pubescens Ehrh. (mountain birch) and Phleum pratense L. (timothy) were grown for 42 days under full light or 50% shade in the field at 12°C, and at comparable photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) levels in a greenhouse at 18°C. Plants from the four pretreatments were exposed to 78 nmol mol-1 (ppb) O3 (8 h day-1) under two temperatures (15 and 25°C), two relative air humidities (50 and 80% RH) or two CO2
短毛桦树的幼苗。在12°C的全光或50%遮荫条件下,在18°C的温室中,在相当的光合有效辐射(PAR)水平下,分别生长42 d(山桦树)和Phleum pratense L.(蒂莫西)。四种预处理的植株在两种温度(15°C和25°C)、两种相对空气湿度(50%和80% RH)或两种CO2下暴露于78 nmol mol-1 (ppb) O3 (8 h day-1)
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引用次数: 8
Long-term Stability of Manganese(III) Complexes in Aqueous Soil Slurries 锰(III)配合物在土壤水泥浆中的长期稳定性
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719950135687
P. Schuisky, Ann-Sofi Ullström, I. Persson
The long-term stability of some manganese(II) and (III) complexes in soil slurries was studied. The thermodynamically very stable manganese(III) complexes with X,X'-[alkylenebis(iminomethyl)]-2,2'-dihydroxybenzoate, X,X'=2-7 (1-6), were stable in aqueous sandy loam slurries with pH 6 for months and up to 3 weeks in an aqueous slurry of calcareous clay with pH 7.5. The addition of manganese(III) 1-6 complexes to aqueous soil slurries caused no exchange reactions with iron, as observed when the manganese(II)-EDTA complex was added to the same soil slurries. This confirms that the manganese(III) 1-6 complexes are thermodynamically more stable than the corresponding iron(III) complexes.
研究了几种锰(II)和锰(III)配合物在土壤浆料中的长期稳定性。热力学非常稳定的锰(III)配合物与X,X'-[亚甲基亚烯双]-2,2'-二羟基苯甲酸酯,X,X'=2-7(1-6),在pH为6的含水砂壤土浆料中稳定数月,在pH为7.5的钙质粘土浆料中稳定达3周。将锰(III) 1-6配合物添加到含水土壤浆液中,与铁没有发生交换反应,这与将锰(II)-EDTA配合物添加到相同的土壤浆液中所观察到的情况相同。这证实了锰(III) 1-6配合物在热力学上比相应的铁(III)配合物更稳定。
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引用次数: 0
Properties and Classification of Soils of the Swedish Long-Term Fertility Experiments: IV. Sites at Ekebo and Fjärdingslöv 瑞典长期肥力试验土壤的性质和分类:IV. Ekebo和Fjärdingslöv站点
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719950135678
H. Kirchmann, J. Eriksson, S. Snäll
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引用次数: 54
Monitoring Soil Quality of Arable Land: Microbiological Indicators 耕地土壤质量监测:微生物指标
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719950135669
B. Stenberg
The aim of this review is to present a foundation of present knowledge and to describe existing strategies for the development and implementation of monitoring systems for soil quality of arable land, based on soil-quality indicators. In the review viewpoints are discussed on the soil-quality concept, suggested frameworks for its assessment, and possible methods for the selection and evaluation of quality indicators. These sections are in general terms, without emphasis on chemical, physical or biological soil properties. The potential value of including microbiological indicators in a monitoring system is discussed thoroughly. Several possible microbiological indicators are suggested, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Strategies for the selection and sampling of monitoring sites are reviewed, and the treatment of samples before analyses is also discussed. In conclusion, a framework for using microbiological indicators in a Swedish monitoring system is suggested.
本综述的目的是介绍现有知识的基础,并描述根据土壤质量指标制定和实施可耕地土壤质量监测系统的现有战略。本文对土壤质量的概念、评价框架以及质量指标的选择和评价方法进行了讨论。这些章节都是笼统的,没有强调土壤的化学、物理或生物特性。深入讨论了在监测系统中加入微生物指标的潜在价值。提出了几种可能的微生物指标,并讨论了它们的优缺点。对监测点的选择和采样策略进行了回顾,并讨论了分析前样品的处理。最后,提出了在瑞典监测系统中使用微生物指标的框架。
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引用次数: 201
期刊
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science
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