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Effects of organic amendments and cover crops on soil characteristics and potato yields 有机改良剂和覆盖作物对土壤特性和马铃薯产量的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2023.2165963
T. Rittl, F. Grønmyr, Ivar Bakken, A. Løes
ABSTRACT Intensive potato production may reduce the soil organic matter content (SOM), which may impact several soil functions and increase the incidence of potato diseases. We examined if cover crop and addition of organic materials may counteract these effects. Organic materials were one application of biochar mixed with liquid digestate (BLD); solid digestate (SD); or farmyard manure (FYM); with or without winter rye as cover crop, in a field with regular potato growing. Organic amendment increased SOM, especially for FYM and BLD, while cover crop did not affect SOM. Yet, cover crop increased tuber yields in the second year, and reduced the severity of potato diseases by 10% in post-harvest potatoes in both years. In the second year, the number of marketable potatoes after storage increased by 37% with cover crop. Organic amendments did not affect potato yield or quality, but the proportion of marketable potatoes tended to be higher in the amended soil. By lab incubation, BLD showed the largest potential for SOM storage, up to 32 years, followed by FYM and SD. Cover crops and organic amendments is recommended in potato production, especially for early potatoes where there is sufficient time after harvest to establish a good cover crop.
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引用次数: 1
Nitrogen retention capacity of paddy soil improved under long-term garlic-rice rotation 长期大蒜-水稻轮作提高了水稻土的保氮能力
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2023.2167668
Wei Zhou, Yanqiu Chen, Zhitao Hu, Yu Fan, Yihong Kuang, Tao Wang, Yong Chen, F. Deng, X. Lei, Jianfeng Hu, Youfeng Tao, Hong Cheng, W. Ren
ABSTRACT Although significant differences in soil nitrogen levels exist under different paddy-upland rotations, the main reason for this is unclear. The nitrogen retention capacity and loss of ammonia volatilisation, leaching, etc. of paddy soil with large differences in nitrogen levels from two long-term rotations, garlic-rice and wheat-rice, were measured using the soil column simulation method. The results showed that the loss rate of leaching was only 5.4%, whereas that of ammonia volatilisation was up to 22.8%, which was the main nitrogen loss way of paddy soil under the two rotations. The average ammonia volatilisation rates under wheat-rice rotation with high and low nitrogen application rates were 12.1% and 40.2% higher than that under garlic-rice rotation, leading to a decrease in the total nitrogen loss amount and rate through ammonia volatilisation by 29.8% and 8.8%, respectively. As a result, nitrogen retention in the soil under garlic-rice rotation increased by 12.7%. In conclusion, the long-term garlic-rice rotation could significantly inhibit ammonia volatilisation, thus improving the soil nitrogen retention capacity. The straw return may increase soil organic matter content, reduce ammonia volatilisation loss, and enhance soil nitrogen retention capacity and productivity.
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引用次数: 0
Isolation of three genera of microorganisms in lahar-laden soils of Sta. Rita, Pampanga, Philippines through the 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis 云南泥沙土壤中3属微生物的分离。Rita, Pampanga,菲律宾通过16s rRNA基因序列分析
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2163281
Israel M. Guanzon, M. L. T. Mason, Purisima P. Juico, F. Fiegalan
ABSTRACT A lahar-laden soil is described as marginal soil due to its poor physicochemical and biological properties and is hypothesised to have low biodiversity of soil microbes that would help support plant growth. Thus, the study aimed to assess the presence of soil microorganisms in lahar-laden soils in Sta. Rita, Pampanga, with their ability as beneficial microbes for crop production. Vigna radiata was used as the trap crop and grown for a maximum of 35 days in a microcosm experiment where all variables were similar except for the location of the sampling site. Through the sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, five representative isolates revealed close resemblance to the genus Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium, while the others were classified as non-rhizobial endophytes, namely, Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium, and Leifsonia. These results indicate that the lahar-laden soils in the sampling site harbour some agronomically-important genera of microorganisms. Surprisingly, this is the first time that the species Leifsonia xyli was identified and isolated in acidic lahar-laden soil. In contrast, it is hypothesised that the presence of L.xyli in this study might be attributed to the acidic soil pH, leading to the suppression of rhizobia in root nodules.
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引用次数: 1
Low Temperature and Breaking of Dormancy Effects on Respiration Rate, Sugars, Phenolics and Peroxidase Activity Changes in Inner Buds of Onion Allium cepa L. 低温和休眠解除对葱内芽呼吸速率、糖、酚类物质和过氧化物酶活性变化的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064710310003358
N. Benkeblia
Respiration rate (CO 2 production), soluble sugars, total phenolics and peroxidase activity (POD) were measured in inner bud tissues during the break of dormancy of onion bulbs treated for one week at 0°C and stored in the dark at 20°C. Results showed that after eight weeks, the RR C O 2 of sprouted control onions was 52% higher than that of unsprouted control onions. High concentrations of soluble sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) were observed for cold treated bulbs (from 9 to 20 mg g - 1 FW) after two weeks following cooling, but in control bulbs high concentrations were only observed after eight weeks. In cold-treated onions, a slight increase in phenolics (from 0.17 to 0.2 mg g - 1 FW) was observed after one week, and then there was a decrease to 0.12 mg g - 1 FW after five weeks. In inner buds of control bulbs, an increase from 0.17 to 0.2 mg g - 1 FW was observed during the first five weeks and then a decrease to 0.15 mg occurred during the three last weeks when the bulbs began to sprout. Peroxidase activity followed the same pattern as phenolics, with a decrease (38%) in cold-treated bulb after four weeks. In control samples, a decrease of 25% was noted after eight weeks. This decrease in POD activity coincided with the decrease in phenolics and the onset of sprouting. With cold treatment, total sprouting was observed after eight weeks. In comparison, only 20% of the control bulbs started sprouting after the same period.
在0°C条件下处理1周,20°C暗室保存,测定了休眠结束后洋葱内芽组织的呼吸速率(CO 2产量)、可溶性糖、总酚类物质和过氧化物酶活性(POD)。结果表明,8周后,发芽对照洋葱的RR - co2含量比未发芽对照洋葱高52%。在冷却两周后,冷处理球茎(从9到20 mg g - 1 FW)中观察到高浓度的可溶性糖(葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖),但在对照球茎中,只有在8周后才观察到高浓度。冷处理洋葱的酚类物质在一周后略有增加(从0.17 mg g - 1 FW增加到0.2 mg g - 1 FW),然后在五周后下降到0.12 mg g - 1 FW。在对照鳞茎内芽中,前5周从0.17 mg g - 1 FW增加到0.2 mg g - 1 FW,然后在鳞茎开始发芽的最后3周下降到0.15 mg。过氧化物酶活性与酚类物质具有相同的模式,4周后冷处理球茎的过氧化物酶活性下降(38%)。在对照样本中,8周后下降了25%。POD活性的下降与酚类物质的减少和发芽的开始一致。冷处理8周后观察总发芽。相比之下,只有20%的对照球茎在同一时期开始发芽。
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引用次数: 8
Controlled atmosphere storage of norwegian grown plums (Prunus domestica L.) 挪威李(Prunus domestica L.)的气调贮藏
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064710310006526
L. Wang, S. Vestrheim
Plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars 'Jubileum', 'Victoria' and 'Opal' were stored at 2°C in controlled atmosphere (CA) for 3 weeks. Flavour was better in fruit from air than from CA when the sensory evaluation was conducted immediately after CA storage. A strong bicarbonate taste occurred, particularly in fruit evaluated immediately after storage in 25% CO 2 . Exposure to 5, 15 or 25% CO 2 resulted in accumulation of ethanol. Cracking of 'Opal' plums was largely avoided by storage at 2°C in CA. Storage in controlled atmosphere had little effect on titratable acids (TA) and pH in the three cultivars. In general, pH increased with extended storage time. Effects of CA storage on soluble solids content (SSC) and fruit firmness were inconclusive. The optical density in plum juice was initially low and showed a decreasing trend during storage.
将李(Prunus domestica L.)栽培品种‘Jubileum’、‘Victoria’和‘Opal’在2°C的可控气氛(CA)下保存3周。在CA贮藏后立即进行感官评价时,空气贮藏的水果风味优于CA贮藏。一种强烈的碳酸氢盐味道出现了,特别是在25%二氧化碳储存后立即评估的水果。暴露于5%、15%或25%的二氧化碳中会导致乙醇的积累。2℃贮藏可有效避免欧泊李的开裂,控制气氛贮藏对3个品种的可滴定酸(TA)和pH值影响不大。一般来说,pH值随着储存时间的延长而增加。CA贮藏对可溶性固形物含量(SSC)和果实硬度的影响尚无定论。李子汁的光密度初期较低,贮藏过程中呈下降趋势。
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引用次数: 15
Structural strategies of Forage systems in an European disadvantaged area 欧洲弱势地区饲料系统的结构策略
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064710310012781
D. D. L. Vidal, E. Saez-Olivito, Y. Nagamine
The main objective of the present study was to identify the structural factors characterizing forage systems of raising small ruminants or small ruminants and cereal households in a disadvantaged area of the Ebro River Valley in Spain. Information was obtained by a direct survey and was processed across Multivariate procedures. Three factors identified three household type strategies, determining the most important organizing forage structures linkage: the presence or the absence of the land factor conditioning the access to both the Useful Agrarian Area and Forage Area, and the structural relationships between the dimension of the live capital and type of labor factor. Since a representative number of households was used in this type of approach, the main combined patterns have been identified and can be considered as strategies since they reflect modes of goal implementation in European fragile lands.
本研究的主要目的是确定西班牙埃布罗河谷弱势地区饲养小反刍动物或小反刍动物和谷物家庭饲料系统的结构因素。信息是通过直接调查获得的,并通过多元程序进行处理。三个因素确定了三种家庭类型策略,确定了最重要的组织饲料结构联系:土地因素的存在与否决定了进入有用农业区和饲料区,以及生活资本维度与劳动因素类型之间的结构关系。由于在这种方法中使用了具有代表性的家庭数量,因此已确定了主要的组合模式,并可视为战略,因为它们反映了欧洲脆弱土地实现目标的模式。
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引用次数: 1
Deposition of spray liquid on the soil below sugar beet and potatoes after applications during the growing season 在生长季节施用后,在甜菜和土豆下面的土壤上喷洒液体
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064710310010693
P. Jensen, N. H. Spliid
The aim of this study was to investigate the proportion of spray liquid applied in a typical application that was deposited on the soil surface below the crop. This part of the spray is not only an application loss, but it also constitutes a primary source to leaching. The investigation was carried out during 1999-2001 in sugar beets and potatoes. Applications were carried out at approximate intervals of 10 days during the whole growing season in both crops, which were grown in rows. The results show that a high proportion of the spray liquid reaches the soil below the crop during applications at early growth stages, which correspond with stages when weed control is practised. At later growth stages soil deposition declined and reached values below 10-15% of the applied dose in sugar beet (GS 39) and 5-10% in potatoes (GS 59-79).
本研究的目的是调查喷洒液体的比例,在一个典型的应用程序,是沉积在作物下面的土壤表面。这部分喷淋不仅是一种应用损失,而且也是淋滤的主要来源。这项调查是在1999年至2001年期间对甜菜和土豆进行的。在两种作物的整个生长季节中,每隔大约10天施用一次,这两种作物都是成行种植的。结果表明,在生长早期施用时,喷雾液到达作物下方土壤的比例很高,这与实施杂草控制的阶段相对应。在生长后期,土壤沉积量下降,甜菜(GS 39)和马铃薯(GS 59-79)的土壤沉积量分别低于施用剂量的10-15%和5-10%。
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引用次数: 9
Kohlrabi growing under unheated glasshouse conditions in Turkey 在土耳其不加热的温室条件下种植的大头菜
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064710310006531
Levent Arin, A. Salk, M. Deveci̇, S. Polat
Research was carried out to determine the yield and quality of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes) under unheated glasshouse conditions during the spring and autumn growing periods in 2000. In each period, three kohlrabi varieties, two seedling ages and three planting dates, with respect to yield and quality characteristics, were evaluated. The autumn variety 'Express Forcer' and the spring variety 'Lahn' were more suitable than other cultivars. In autumn, seedling age of four weeks gave best results, while in spring the highest yield was obtained from six weeks-old seedlings. It is concluded that planting should not be delayed in both seasons.
在2000年春、秋两季的温室不加热条件下,对甘蓝的产量和品质进行了研究。在每个时期,对3个大头菜品种、2个苗龄和3个种植日期的产量和品质特征进行了评价。秋季品种“Express Forcer”和春季品种“Lahn”比其他品种更适合。在秋季,苗龄为4周的幼苗产量最好,而在春季,苗龄为6周的幼苗产量最高。因此,两个季节都不应推迟种植。
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引用次数: 12
Selection criteria in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) 鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum L.)的筛选标准
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064710310006544
C. Toker, M. I. Cagirgan
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引用次数: 19
Female European Tarnished Plant Bugs, Lygus rugulipennis (Heteroptera: Miridae), are Attracted to Odours from Conspecific Females 雌性欧洲无光植物蝽,Lygus rugulipennis(异翅目:盲蝽科)被同种雌性的气味所吸引
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064710310006517
J. Pettersson, S. Kularatne, E. Ahmed, Vijaya Kumar, R. Glinwood
Responses of the European tarnished plant bug, Lygus rugulipennis, to conspecific and host plant odours were tested in an olfactometer. Females were attracted to the odour of other females, suggesting the existence of an aggregation mechanism. This is the first evidence for female-female attraction in Lygus and contrasts with the American species, L. lineolaris, in which aggregation is mediated by male odours. Males were attracted to females and to the female sex pheromone component (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate. Females were not attracted to this compound. There were differences between the sexes in their responses to host plant odours. Females were attracted to odour from Trifolium pratense, Medicago falcata, and M. saliva. Males were attracted only to M. saliva.
用嗅觉仪测定了欧洲褐蝽对同种植物和寄主植物气味的反应。雌性会被其他雌性的气味所吸引,这表明存在一种聚集机制。这是莱格斯中雌性-雌性吸引的第一个证据,与美洲物种L. lineolaris形成对比,后者的聚集是由雄性气味介导的。雄性被雌性和雌性性信息素成分(E)-2-己烯基丁酸酯吸引。雌性不会被这种化合物吸引。两性对寄主植物气味的反应存在差异。雌性被三叶草、苜蓿和唾液的气味吸引。雄蚊只被M.唾液吸引。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science
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