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Damage Thresholds for Cabbage Root Fly [Delia radicum (L.)] in Cauliflower Assessed from Pot Experiments 白菜根蝇(Delia radicum (L.))在花椰菜中的危害阈值
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719950135713
J. Bligaard
The influence of cabbage root fly [Delia radicum (L.)] on cauliflower dry matter production was investigated in three experiments during 1992 and 1993. Cauliflower plants grown outdoors in pots were inoculated with different numbers of cabbage root fly eggs, 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks after transplanting as seedlings. A non-destructive method was used to estimate dry matter production during the growing season. Regression analyses of plant dry matter against egg number demonstrated that control measures against cabbage root fly larvae are needed to protect young seedlings during the first 3-4 weeks after planting, whereas 100 eggs or more were required to cause a 5% reduction in mean plant dry matter when plants were inoculated 4 weeks after transplanting. Egg and larval mortality varied with means in the range from 47 to 61% and density-dependent larval mortality was demonstrated in two out of four combinations of experiment and inoculation time.
1992年和1993年通过3个试验研究了白菜根蝇对菜花干物质产量的影响。在室外盆栽种植的花椰菜幼苗移栽后1、2、3、4周分别接种不同数量的白菜根蝇卵。采用一种非破坏性的方法估算了生长季节的干物质产量。植物干物质与卵数的回归分析表明,在种植后的前3-4周内,需要对白菜根蝇幼虫采取控制措施来保护幼苗,而在移栽后4周接种植株时,需要100个或更多的卵才能使平均植株干物质减少5%。卵和幼虫的平均死亡率在47%至61%之间变化,并且在实验和接种时间的四种组合中有两种幼虫的死亡率与密度有关。
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引用次数: 9
Sensory quality of carrots: Effect of harvest and storage time 胡萝卜感官品质:收获与贮藏时间的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719909362510
T. Suojala, T. Tupasela
This study aimed to determine how harvest and storage time influence the variation in the sensory attributes of carrots. Carrots harvested at different dates in September and October at an experimental site and on farms were analysed before and after storage. In general, delaying the harvest increased the sensory scores for juiciness, crispness, sweetness and overall flavour and decreased scores for bitterness, but the effects were not found in carrots from all locations. Frosts that injured carrots and resulted in a decline in sugar content in 1996 did not influence sensory quality. Storage had little effect on sensory quality, but juiciness and crispness frequently received lower gradings after storage. It is concluded that avoiding too early a harvest ensures the best sensory quality of carrots.
本研究旨在确定收获和储存时间如何影响胡萝卜感官属性的变化。在9月和10月的实验地点和农场的不同日期收获的胡萝卜在储存前后进行了分析。一般来说,延迟收获提高了多汁性、脆度、甜度和整体风味的感官得分,降低了苦味得分,但并不是所有地区的胡萝卜都有这种效果。1996年的霜冻伤害了胡萝卜,导致含糖量下降,但没有影响感官质量。贮藏对感官品质影响不大,但多汁性和脆度往往在贮藏后得分较低。综上所述,避免过早收获可以保证胡萝卜的最佳感官品质。
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引用次数: 6
Seed yield and Sulphur partitioning in two inbred lines of low and high glucosinolate oilseed rape (Brassica napus l.) and their hybrids at three levels of sulphur supply 低硫代葡萄糖苷和高硫代葡萄糖苷油菜籽2个自交系及其杂交种在3个硫供水平下的种子产量和硫分配
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719909362514
J. Davik, A. Bakken
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引用次数: 3
Screening of field performance of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against cabbage root flies (Delia radicum l. and d. floralis (fall.); Diptera, Anthomyiidae) 昆虫病原真菌和线虫对白菜根蝇(Delia radicum l.和d. floralis (fall.))田间性能的筛选双翅目,Anthomyiidae)
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719909362513
I. Vänninen, H. Hokkanen, J. Tyni-Juslin
Finnish isolates of Beauveria bassiana (8 isolates), Metarhizium anisopliae (7), Tolypocladium sp. (2), Paecilomyces farinosus (2), P. fumosoroseus (1), Steinernema feltiae (3) and Bacillus thuringiensis ('Muscabac') were tested for efficacy against mixed populations of Delia radicum and D. floralis under field conditions in 1986–90. All pathogens were applied preventatively, the fungi as aqueous conidial or mycelial suspensions, dry conidia or dry mycelial powder. In only two of the nine experiments did B. bassiana or M. anisopliae give some control. In 1986, B. bassiana SF85–2 and Tolypocladium sp. SF85–4 (both at rate 1.2 x 109 conidia plant‐ 1), and ‘Muscabac’ (25 g 1−1, 1 dl plant−1) reduced the number of pupae by 80%, 60% and 50%, respectively, as compared with untreated and chemical (isophenphos) controls. In 1990, M. anisopliae SF86–39 at rate 1.6 x 109conidia plant−1 and 1.5 x 108 CFU plant−1 and S. feltiae SFS‐22 (35000 plant−1), increased the yield of cauliflower 2.2, 1.8, and 2.3‐fold, respect...
1986 - 1990年,在田间条件下,对芬兰的球孢白僵菌(8株)、绿僵菌(7株)、绿僵菌(2株)、粉拟青霉(2株)、烟熏假单胞菌(1株)、felinnema feltiae(3株)和苏云金芽孢杆菌(‘Muscabac’)等菌株进行了防治根腐心菌和花芽孢杆菌混合种群的效果试验。所有病原菌均预防性施用,真菌为水分生孢子或菌丝悬浮液,干分生孢子或干菌丝粉。在9个实验中,只有2个实验中球孢芽胞杆菌或金龟子芽胞杆菌起到了一定的控制作用。1986年,与未经处理和化学(异酚磷)对照相比,球孢白僵菌SF85-2和霉霉霉sp. SF85-4(均为1.2 × 109个分生孢子植物- 1)和Muscabac (25 g 1 - 1,1 dl植物- 1)分别减少了80%、60%和50%的蛹数。1990年,M. anisopliae SF86-39和S. feltiae SFS - 22分别以1.6 × 109个分生孢子植物- 1和1.5 × 108个CFU植物- 1的速率和35000个植物- 1的速率分别使花椰菜产量增加2.2倍、1.8倍和2.3倍。
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引用次数: 35
Volatiles from different barley cultivars affect aphid acceptance of neighbouring plants 不同大麦品种的挥发物影响蚜虫对邻近植物的接受程度
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719909362511
J. Pettersson, V. Ninkovic, E. Ahmed
Effects of volatiles from one plant on the aphid acceptance of a neighbouring plant were studied in laboratory experiments with four barley cultivars. With a compressor‐supported system, air was led over one plant and then over a test plant. After treatment, settling of apterae of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) on the responding test plants was compared with that on control plants treated with air from no other plant or air from a plant of the same cultivar. In an untreated state the four barley cultivars did not show differences with regard to aphid acceptance. However, after exposure to air from another plant significant changes in aphid acceptance were found in seven of the 16 possible cultivar combinations of inducing and responding plants. Significant changes in leaf temperature were recorded in 11 combinations, indicating that the aphid response is part of a broader effect of plant‐plant communication. Two of the four cultivars showed significant intracultivar communication. The congruence between changes ...
用四种大麦品种进行了室内试验,研究了一种大麦挥发物对相邻大麦蚜虫接受度的影响。使用压缩机支持的系统,空气通过一个设备,然后通过一个测试设备。处理后,比较了无其他植株空气处理和同一品种植株空气处理对对照植株翅片沉降的影响。在未经处理的情况下,四个大麦品种对蚜虫的接受性没有差异。然而,暴露于其他植物的空气后,在诱导和响应植物的16种可能的栽培组合中,有7种对蚜虫的接受性发生了显著变化。在11个组合中记录到叶片温度的显著变化,表明蚜虫的反应是植物-植物交流更广泛影响的一部分。4个品种中有2个表现出显著的种内交流。变化之间的一致性……
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引用次数: 75
DOES THE DENSITY OF OVIPAROUS FEMALES REGULATE MATING SUCCESS IN BIRD CHERRY-OAT APHID RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI (L.)? 卵生雌虫的密度是否能调节鸟樱蚜的交配成功率?
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719950135650
R. Glinwood, J. Pettersson
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引用次数: 2
Monitoring and control of the carrot fly (Psila rosae fabr.) in northern Norway 挪威北部胡萝卜蝇(Psila rosae fabr.)监测与防治
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719909362512
T. J. Johansen
A 4‐year study (1991–94) focused on (1) the use of yellow sticky traps to monitor carrot fly activity, (2) insecticide control trials, and (3) analyses for insecticide residues in carrots in northern Norway. There was only one generation of flies each year. In most fields, first flies appeared in the second part of June, with a peak fly activity occurring in the first part of July. The maximum difference in peak activity from one year to the next was 3 weeks. In five trials in which the fly infestation was high, 10–100% of the roots were damaged and marketable yield was reduced by 30–100%. Satisfactory control was achieved by drenching the crop with the organophosphorous insecticides diazinon or fenthion, timed according to catch on traps. Seed coating (isofenphos) had an unreliable, often lacking, effect. Residue levels of the fenthion in the carrots at harvest were unacceptable, even when this insecticide was applied at the recommended rates.
一项为期4年的研究(1991 - 1994)集中于(1)使用黄色粘捕器监测胡萝卜蝇活动,(2)杀虫剂控制试验,(3)分析挪威北部胡萝卜中的杀虫剂残留。每年只有一代苍蝇。大多数田区蝇类首飞出现在6月下旬,蝇类活动高峰出现在7月上旬。一年与下一年的高峰活动最大差异为3周。在蝇害严重的5个试验中,10-100%的根被破坏,可售产量减少30-100%。用有机磷杀虫剂二嗪农或倍硫磷按捕集器定时对作物进行浇水,取得了满意的防治效果。种子包衣(异苯磷)不可靠,往往缺乏效果。收获时胡萝卜中倍硫磷的残留水平是不可接受的,即使按建议用量施用这种杀虫剂。
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引用次数: 2
Weed development in cereals under different growth conditions and control intensities 不同生长条件和控制强度对谷物杂草发育的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719909362509
H. Fykse, K. Wærnhus
The development of weed communities in cereals was investigated over 5 years at four locations in Norway. Each year the same plots were treated with 0, 1/3, 2/3 or 3/3 of the ‘normal’ dose of either of two herbicides. The weed species that emerged varied between years and locations, but were unaffected by treatments. The total number of weed plants and the frequency of individual species varied in all fields, but the changes differed greatly between fields, dosages and years. The seed bank was increased by the lowest herbicide dose and unaffected by the higher doses. The percentage of emerged weeds decreased with time, but varied between the fields. The per cent emergence was lower on untreated than on treated plots. The weed abundance in previous years and the size of the seed bank affected the plant number, but the air temperature after sowing was just as important. Even soil temperature in spring prior to tillage influenced weed emergence.
在挪威的四个地点对谷物杂草群落的发展进行了5年的调查。每年在相同的地块上分别施用正常剂量的0、1/3、2/3或3/3的除草剂。出现的杂草种类因年份和地点而异,但不受处理的影响。各田区杂草株数和单株频次均存在差异,但不同田区、不同剂量、不同年份的变化差异较大。低剂量除草剂增加了种子库,而高剂量除草剂对种子库没有影响。杂草出苗率随时间的延长而降低,但不同田间差异较大。未处理地块的出苗率低于处理地块。前几年的杂草丰度和种子库的大小影响植株数量,但播种后的气温也同样重要。耕前春季土壤温度对杂草出苗也有影响。
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引用次数: 9
ROLE OF ETHYLENE ON SPROUTING OF ONION BULBS (ALLIUM CEPA L.) 乙烯对洋葱鳞茎发芽的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719950135641
N. Benkeblia, G. Selselet-Attou
Ethylene is a volatile hormone that has received considerable interest as a regulator of plant growth and is involved in numerous aspects of plant life. It has long been recognized as a crucial factor in the storage of horticultural products, and was employed in various cultural and postharvest practices long before it was identified as the causative agent (Abeles et al., 1992). It has been shown that sprouting of onion bulbs is controlled by some hormones which inhibit (abscissic acid) or promote (cytokinins) growth, and ethylene may also inhibit or promote bud growth by regulating these factors. However, its role in breaking dormancy and promoting sprouting of onion bulbs remains unclear (Woltering & Sterling, 1986; Abeles et al., 1992). Exogenous ethylene (ethephon) has been used to overcome the dormancy of both Gladiolus (Halevy et al., 1970) and Liatris (Keren-Paz et al., 1989) corms. In addition to promoting sprouting of gladiolus, ethephon increases the effectiveness of fungicides, apparently by increasing their penetration into corm tissues (Simchon et al., 1972). In this investigation, we have studied the role of ethylene (ethephon) and silver thiosulfate (STS), a patent inhibitor of ethylene action, on the sprouting of onion bulbs during storage.
乙烯是一种挥发性激素,作为植物生长的调节剂,它参与了植物生命的许多方面。长期以来,它一直被认为是园艺产品储存中的一个关键因素,在被确定为病原体之前,它就被用于各种文化和收获后的实践中(Abeles et al., 1992)。研究表明,洋葱鳞茎的发芽受一些抑制脱落酸或促进细胞分裂素生长的激素控制,乙烯也可能通过调节这些激素抑制或促进芽的生长。然而,它在打破休眠和促进洋葱鳞茎发芽中的作用尚不清楚(Woltering & Sterling, 1986;Abeles et al., 1992)。外源乙烯(乙烯利)已被用于克服剑兰(Halevy等人,1970)和剑兰(Keren-Paz等人,1989)球茎的休眠。乙烯利除了促进剑兰的发芽外,还增加了杀菌剂的有效性,显然是通过增加杀菌剂对球茎组织的渗透(Simchon et al., 1972)。在这项调查中,我们研究了乙烯(乙烯利)和硫代硫酸银(STS)的作用,乙烯作用的专利抑制剂,在洋葱球茎在储存期间发芽。
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引用次数: 12
Flame weeding: Effects of burner angle on weed control and temperature patterns 火焰除草:燃烧器角度对除草控制和温度模式的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362505
J. Ascard
The effects of flame burner angle on control of small weeds were studied in the field. An open burner was directed at five angles towards the ground: 45 and 67° aimed forwards and backwards, and 90° straight down. A burner angle of 67° directed backwards gave the highest weed reduction, but there were no significant differences between the effects of the different burner angles. Weed species with protected growing points were tolerant to flames, whereas species with sensitive leaves and exposed growing points were susceptible. Temperatures in the flame were measured 1 cm above the ground in a rail track in the laboratory with the same burner angles and speed that were used in the field. The temperature‐time curves were analysed for maximum temperatures as well as the period of time and temperature sum above certain temperatures. There were significant differences in temperature between different burner angles but no significant relationships between the different thermal parameters obtained in the laborat...
在田间试验中,研究了火焰燃烧器角度对小杂草的控制效果。一个开式燃烧器以5个角度指向地面:45°和67°分别指向前方和后方,90°垂直向下。67°后向燃烧器减除杂草效果最好,但不同角度的减除效果无显著差异。生长点受保护的杂草耐火,生长点外露的杂草耐火。火焰的温度是在实验室轨道上离地面1厘米的地方测量的,与现场使用的燃烧器角度和速度相同。分析了温度-时间曲线的最高温度,以及在一定温度以上的时间和温度总和。不同燃烧器角度的温度有显著差异,但实验室得到的不同热参数之间没有显著关系。
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引用次数: 17
期刊
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science
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