Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362491
Arne Saeb, L. Mortensen
This study investigated the influence of elevated CO2 on three perennial weed species (Achillea millefolium, Leontodon autumnalis and Rumex acetosa) and seven annual species (Chenopodium album, Matricaria matricarioides, Poa annua, Polygoniini persicaria, Senecio vulgaris, Spergula arvensis and Stellaria media). The study was carried out during the period 3 May to 5 August in ten field chamber units of 9 m2 in a cool (12.6°C) maritime climate under long days (15.8–18.1 h day‐1) on the south‐west coast of Norway (59° N, 6° E). Dry weights of the seven annual species were not significantly affected by the CO2 concentration. Of the three perennial species, L. autumnalis increased in dry weight by 27% and A. millefolium by 19% at elevated compared with ambient CO2 concentration. Plant height increased by 8% in L. autumnalis and decreased by 12 and 10% in M. matricarioides and P. annua respectively. Leaf size increased by 32% and specific leaf area decreased by 23% in P. persicaria at elevated CO2, while the o...
研究了CO2浓度升高对3种多年生杂草(千叶Achillea millefolium, Leontodon autumnalis和Rumex acetosa)和7种一年生杂草(Chenopodium album, Matricaria matricarioides, Poa annua, Polygoniini pericaria, Senecio vulgaris, Spergula arvensis和Stellaria media)的影响。研究于5月3日至8月5日在挪威西南海岸(59°N, 6°E)的凉爽(12.6°C)海洋性气候下(15.8-18.1 h day‐1)进行。7种一年生物种的干重不受CO2浓度的显著影响。在3种多年生植物中，与环境CO2浓度相比，秋菖蒲和千叶菖蒲的干重分别增加了27%和19%。秋菖蒲株高增加8%，黄菖蒲和黄花菖蒲株高分别减少12%和10%。CO2浓度升高时，桃金酸根叶片大小增加32%，比叶面积减少23%;
{"title":"Influence of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on common weeds in Scandinavian agriculture","authors":"Arne Saeb, L. Mortensen","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362491","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the influence of elevated CO2 on three perennial weed species (Achillea millefolium, Leontodon autumnalis and Rumex acetosa) and seven annual species (Chenopodium album, Matricaria matricarioides, Poa annua, Polygoniini persicaria, Senecio vulgaris, Spergula arvensis and Stellaria media). The study was carried out during the period 3 May to 5 August in ten field chamber units of 9 m2 in a cool (12.6°C) maritime climate under long days (15.8–18.1 h day‐1) on the south‐west coast of Norway (59° N, 6° E). Dry weights of the seven annual species were not significantly affected by the CO2 concentration. Of the three perennial species, L. autumnalis increased in dry weight by 27% and A. millefolium by 19% at elevated compared with ambient CO2 concentration. Plant height increased by 8% in L. autumnalis and decreased by 12 and 10% in M. matricarioides and P. annua respectively. Leaf size increased by 32% and specific leaf area decreased by 23% in P. persicaria at elevated CO2, while the o...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78298907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362494
S. M. Dofing
Grain fill rate is an important characteristic influencing productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in northern areas of production. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of grain fill rate and its relationship to other agronomic traits. Thirty‐three doubled haploid lines and parents from two crosses were evaluated for three years at Palmer, Alaska. The distribution of lines for grain fill rate in the progenies was approximately normal. Heritability of grain fill rate was 89.6% in one cross and 90.0% in the other. Rapid grain fill rate was associated with shorter effective grain fill period, longer time to heading, and higher grain yield, but not with time to maturity. Rapid grain fill rate appears to provide a means of improving grain yield without increasing time to maturity.
{"title":"INHERITANCE OF GRAIN FILL RATE IN BARLEY","authors":"S. M. Dofing","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362494","url":null,"abstract":"Grain fill rate is an important characteristic influencing productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in northern areas of production. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of grain fill rate and its relationship to other agronomic traits. Thirty‐three doubled haploid lines and parents from two crosses were evaluated for three years at Palmer, Alaska. The distribution of lines for grain fill rate in the progenies was approximately normal. Heritability of grain fill rate was 89.6% in one cross and 90.0% in the other. Rapid grain fill rate was associated with shorter effective grain fill period, longer time to heading, and higher grain yield, but not with time to maturity. Rapid grain fill rate appears to provide a means of improving grain yield without increasing time to maturity.","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85740822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362497
S. Peltonen
Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) activity was strongly induced in barley and wheat leaves after inoculation with highly or weakly aggressive isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana. Aggressive isolates, however, generated much stronger early induction of PAL than less aggressive isolates. The non‐pathogens Drechslerei teres (in wheat), Stagonospora nodorum (in barley), Botrytis cinerea, Trichoderma reesei and the root and stem pathogen Fusarium culmorum caused no clear induction of PAL on intact barley or wheat leaves. They were able to induce PAL at the wound margins of barley leaves, although at a lower level than B. sorokiniana. Wounding alone did not induce PAL. Prior inoculation of barley leaves with non‐pathogens provided partial protection against a subsequent challenge with B. sorokiniana seven days later. Induced plants showed unchanged PAL activity levels compared to non‐induced plants after challenge inoculation. The results suggest that PAL plays a role in the active defences of barley and wheat in...
{"title":"RESPONSES OF BARLEY AND WHEAT TO PATHOGENS, NON-PATHOGENS AND WOUNDING AS INDICATED BY INDUCED PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE ACTIVITY","authors":"S. Peltonen","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362497","url":null,"abstract":"Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) activity was strongly induced in barley and wheat leaves after inoculation with highly or weakly aggressive isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana. Aggressive isolates, however, generated much stronger early induction of PAL than less aggressive isolates. The non‐pathogens Drechslerei teres (in wheat), Stagonospora nodorum (in barley), Botrytis cinerea, Trichoderma reesei and the root and stem pathogen Fusarium culmorum caused no clear induction of PAL on intact barley or wheat leaves. They were able to induce PAL at the wound margins of barley leaves, although at a lower level than B. sorokiniana. Wounding alone did not induce PAL. Prior inoculation of barley leaves with non‐pathogens provided partial protection against a subsequent challenge with B. sorokiniana seven days later. Induced plants showed unchanged PAL activity levels compared to non‐induced plants after challenge inoculation. The results suggest that PAL plays a role in the active defences of barley and wheat in...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83793235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362485
G. Reddy, A. Mapiki, Bal R Singh
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is known to be effective in symbiotic N2 fixation, but uncertainty remains concerning the magnitude of this process, especially when this crop is grown under acid conditions with different N management systems. This study was conducted to determine the effect of previously applied fertilizer N and previously applied lime rates on groundnut yield, 15N concentration, total N uptake and N2 fixation. Previously applied N rates were 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N ha‐1 as NH4NO3 to main plots or labelled‐N rates of 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg NO3‐N ha‐1 to microplots as NH4 I5NO3. The lime was previously applied at the rates of 0 and 2 Mg ha‐1 to the preceding maize (Zea mays L.) crop. The effect of inoculum was also investigated. Nodulating isoline, groundnut cv Chalimbana seed was treated with Bradyrhizobium peat inoculum containing Bradyrhizobium sp. (inoculant strain TAL 1000) 105 cells per seed. Non‐nodulating isoline PI 109839/NC AC17090 (NFN‐43) and nodulating isoline Chalimbana were gr...
众所周知，花生(arachhis hypogaea L.)在共生固氮方面是有效的，但这一过程的强度仍不确定，特别是当这种作物在不同氮管理制度的酸性条件下生长时。本试验旨在研究预施氮肥和预施石灰量对花生产量、15N浓度、总氮吸收和氮固定的影响。以前的施氮量分别为0、80、160和240 kg NO3 - 1作为NH4NO3施用于主地块，或标记施氮量为0、40、80和120 kg NO3 - 1作为nh4i5no3施用于小地块。石灰以前以0和2 Mg ha - 1的速率施用于前一种玉米(Zea mays L.)作物。并对接种量的影响进行了探讨。用含有缓生根瘤菌sp.(接种菌株tal1000) 105个细胞的缓生根瘤菌泥炭接种剂处理花生种子。非调节等值线PI 109839/NC AC17090 (NFN‐43)和调节等值线Chalimbana进行了测试。
{"title":"Effect of residual fertilizer N, lime and Bradyrhizobium inoculum on groundnut yield, N uptake and N2 Fixation","authors":"G. Reddy, A. Mapiki, Bal R Singh","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362485","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is known to be effective in symbiotic N2 fixation, but uncertainty remains concerning the magnitude of this process, especially when this crop is grown under acid conditions with different N management systems. This study was conducted to determine the effect of previously applied fertilizer N and previously applied lime rates on groundnut yield, 15N concentration, total N uptake and N2 fixation. Previously applied N rates were 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N ha‐1 as NH4NO3 to main plots or labelled‐N rates of 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg NO3‐N ha‐1 to microplots as NH4 I5NO3. The lime was previously applied at the rates of 0 and 2 Mg ha‐1 to the preceding maize (Zea mays L.) crop. The effect of inoculum was also investigated. Nodulating isoline, groundnut cv Chalimbana seed was treated with Bradyrhizobium peat inoculum containing Bradyrhizobium sp. (inoculant strain TAL 1000) 105 cells per seed. Non‐nodulating isoline PI 109839/NC AC17090 (NFN‐43) and nodulating isoline Chalimbana were gr...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85125861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362481
Petri Leinonen, H. Heinonen‐Tanski, K. Rinne
Slurry aeration processes were followed in private dairy farms. Nitrogen losses during 3–6 weeks of aeration were 10% of the total nitrogen (Ntot) and the proportion of NH4 + from Ntot increased from 48% to 51%. No changes in NO3 −concentration were observed. The average dry matter reduction was 16%. The fertilizer values of aerated and non‐aerated cattle slurry on grassland did not differ significantly. In most cases, band‐spread slurry gave a higher yield than did the injected slurry. Water dilution improved N recovery slightly, but not significantly. The N recovery of mineral slurry N in the next harvest varied considerably, although in most cases it did not significantly differ from that of the mineral fertilizer. In general, the results obtained encourage the use of cow slurry as a grassland fertilizer.
{"title":"Nitrogen economy of cattle slurry aeration and spreading on to grassland","authors":"Petri Leinonen, H. Heinonen‐Tanski, K. Rinne","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362481","url":null,"abstract":"Slurry aeration processes were followed in private dairy farms. Nitrogen losses during 3–6 weeks of aeration were 10% of the total nitrogen (Ntot) and the proportion of NH4 + from Ntot increased from 48% to 51%. No changes in NO3 −concentration were observed. The average dry matter reduction was 16%. The fertilizer values of aerated and non‐aerated cattle slurry on grassland did not differ significantly. In most cases, band‐spread slurry gave a higher yield than did the injected slurry. Water dilution improved N recovery slightly, but not significantly. The N recovery of mineral slurry N in the next harvest varied considerably, although in most cases it did not significantly differ from that of the mineral fertilizer. In general, the results obtained encourage the use of cow slurry as a grassland fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72733455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362483
A. Sorooshzadeh, N. Barthakur
Solutions of ruthenium red (RR, 0.01 mM), ethylene glycol‐bis‐(s‐aminoethyl ether)‐N,N,N’,N'‐tetraacetic acid (EGTA, 0.1 mM), calcium (Ca, 1 mM), and double‐distilled water (control) were fed through a bottom branch of soybean with (ST) and without (NS) water stress at the seed‐filling stage. The volume absorptions and transpiration rates were significantly higher for NS than for ST plants and decreased almost linearly with time for all treatments. The transpiration rates of Ca‐feeding ST plants and the control overlapped, while the NS plants approached the same rate of transpiration by the third week only. It is suggested that Ca was implicated in stomatal closure for the reduction of transpiration rates. The relative amounts of chlorophyll decreased with time but chlorophyll was least affected in Ca‐absorbing plants for both ST and NS plants. The use of RR (a Ca‐transport blocker) and EGTA (a Ca chelator) indicated the role of intracellular Ca concentrations on stomatal closure and foliar senescence at ...
{"title":"Water stress and calcium concentration during the seed‐filling stage of soybean affect senescence","authors":"A. Sorooshzadeh, N. Barthakur","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362483","url":null,"abstract":"Solutions of ruthenium red (RR, 0.01 mM), ethylene glycol‐bis‐(s‐aminoethyl ether)‐N,N,N’,N'‐tetraacetic acid (EGTA, 0.1 mM), calcium (Ca, 1 mM), and double‐distilled water (control) were fed through a bottom branch of soybean with (ST) and without (NS) water stress at the seed‐filling stage. The volume absorptions and transpiration rates were significantly higher for NS than for ST plants and decreased almost linearly with time for all treatments. The transpiration rates of Ca‐feeding ST plants and the control overlapped, while the NS plants approached the same rate of transpiration by the third week only. It is suggested that Ca was implicated in stomatal closure for the reduction of transpiration rates. The relative amounts of chlorophyll decreased with time but chlorophyll was least affected in Ca‐absorbing plants for both ST and NS plants. The use of RR (a Ca‐transport blocker) and EGTA (a Ca chelator) indicated the role of intracellular Ca concentrations on stomatal closure and foliar senescence at ...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81185458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362488
S. Juhanoja, M. Heikkilä, A. Virtanen
Fifty clones of the genera Forsythia, Hydrangea, Lonicera, Philadelphus and Viburnum were cultivated in comparative field trials at five sites in Finland in 1989–93. The aim was to find the hardiest and the most valuable clones to be recommended for landscape gardening. The evaluation covered about 30 traits which were recorded annually. Most attention was paid to winter‐hardiness, resistance to diseases and pests, and ornamental value. The data were analysed using both statistical and non‐statistical methods. A combination of these proved to be a successful method for selecting the clones with the highest value for production. Nine clones were selected as recommendable clones. The Hydrangea paniculata cultivars ‘Grandiflora’, ‘Praecox’ and ‘Mustila’ were found to be valuable and recommendable. Several Lonicera clones succeeded well and were renamed. Three clones were selected as being suitable for different purposes: L. tatarica ’Sanna’ suits well for hedges, L. x bella ’Dropmore’ is white‐flowered, and ...
{"title":"Clone selection of woody ornamentals in Finland","authors":"S. Juhanoja, M. Heikkilä, A. Virtanen","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362488","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty clones of the genera Forsythia, Hydrangea, Lonicera, Philadelphus and Viburnum were cultivated in comparative field trials at five sites in Finland in 1989–93. The aim was to find the hardiest and the most valuable clones to be recommended for landscape gardening. The evaluation covered about 30 traits which were recorded annually. Most attention was paid to winter‐hardiness, resistance to diseases and pests, and ornamental value. The data were analysed using both statistical and non‐statistical methods. A combination of these proved to be a successful method for selecting the clones with the highest value for production. Nine clones were selected as recommendable clones. The Hydrangea paniculata cultivars ‘Grandiflora’, ‘Praecox’ and ‘Mustila’ were found to be valuable and recommendable. Several Lonicera clones succeeded well and were renamed. Three clones were selected as being suitable for different purposes: L. tatarica ’Sanna’ suits well for hedges, L. x bella ’Dropmore’ is white‐flowered, and ...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73477446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362486
R. Dris, R. Niskanen
Soil, leaf and fruit samples were collected from nine apple orchards in the Aland Islands during 1993–95. Early, intermediate and late apple cultivars were studied. Leaves were sampled three times during fruit development. In the experimental orchards, mean soil pH was 7.0 and the concentrations of extractable nutrients (mg l−1 soil) were: P 30; K 216; Ca 6000; Mg 180. The mean values of nutrients in the leaves (% DM) were: N 2.2; P 0.22; K 1.7; Ca 1.7; Mg 0.22, and in the fruit (mg 100 g−1 FW): N 47; P 10; K 125; Ca 5; Mg 5. During the sampling period (22 July‐26 August), N, P and K in the leaves decreased and Ca increased. Nutrient levels in the leaves were satisfactory, but N, P and K concentrations in the fruit were low. There were significant linear correlations between the corresponding fruit and leaf nutrients, positive for N, P, K and Mg and negative for Ca. Leaf Mg and fruit K correlated significantly with the corresponding soil nutrients. P and Ca in leaves and fruits correlated with soil pH mor...
{"title":"Nutritional status of commercial apple orchards in the Åland Islands","authors":"R. Dris, R. Niskanen","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362486","url":null,"abstract":"Soil, leaf and fruit samples were collected from nine apple orchards in the Aland Islands during 1993–95. Early, intermediate and late apple cultivars were studied. Leaves were sampled three times during fruit development. In the experimental orchards, mean soil pH was 7.0 and the concentrations of extractable nutrients (mg l−1 soil) were: P 30; K 216; Ca 6000; Mg 180. The mean values of nutrients in the leaves (% DM) were: N 2.2; P 0.22; K 1.7; Ca 1.7; Mg 0.22, and in the fruit (mg 100 g−1 FW): N 47; P 10; K 125; Ca 5; Mg 5. During the sampling period (22 July‐26 August), N, P and K in the leaves decreased and Ca increased. Nutrient levels in the leaves were satisfactory, but N, P and K concentrations in the fruit were low. There were significant linear correlations between the corresponding fruit and leaf nutrients, positive for N, P, K and Mg and negative for Ca. Leaf Mg and fruit K correlated significantly with the corresponding soil nutrients. P and Ca in leaves and fruits correlated with soil pH mor...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82088250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362487
K. Forslund, J. Pettersson, E. Ahmed, L. Jonsson
In order to examine whether the content of cyanogenic glycosides or gramine in barley affects the host plant preference of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), two‐choice settling tests were performed with R. padi on different barley varieties with varying amounts of these compounds. The total concentration of cyanogenic glycosides in barley shoots, as determined in 59 varieties, varied between 20 and 1200 nmol (g fw)−1. Of the 59 varieties, six with high [>700 nmol (g fw)−1], six with intermediate [450–650 nmol (g fw)−1] and six with low [<200 nmol (g fw)‐l] content of cyanogenic glycosides were chosen for preference tests with R. padi. The content of gramine was determined in these 18 chosen varieties and was generally either low (close to 0) or high [about 2 μmol (g fw)−1]. There was no correlation between cyanogenic glycoside and gramine content. The aphids did not discriminate between varieties with high, intermediate or low content of cyanogenic glycosides in combinations with high or low gramine cont...
{"title":"Settling behaviour of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) in relation to cyanogenic glycosides and gramine contents in barley","authors":"K. Forslund, J. Pettersson, E. Ahmed, L. Jonsson","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362487","url":null,"abstract":"In order to examine whether the content of cyanogenic glycosides or gramine in barley affects the host plant preference of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), two‐choice settling tests were performed with R. padi on different barley varieties with varying amounts of these compounds. The total concentration of cyanogenic glycosides in barley shoots, as determined in 59 varieties, varied between 20 and 1200 nmol (g fw)−1. Of the 59 varieties, six with high [>700 nmol (g fw)−1], six with intermediate [450–650 nmol (g fw)−1] and six with low [<200 nmol (g fw)‐l] content of cyanogenic glycosides were chosen for preference tests with R. padi. The content of gramine was determined in these 18 chosen varieties and was generally either low (close to 0) or high [about 2 μmol (g fw)−1]. There was no correlation between cyanogenic glycoside and gramine content. The aphids did not discriminate between varieties with high, intermediate or low content of cyanogenic glycosides in combinations with high or low gramine cont...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79414571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362482
G. Johansson
Chemical fixation of NH3 to soil organic matter was studied in two Swedish soils with different contents of organic matter: a clay soil with 2.3% C and an organic soil with 36.6% C. 15N‐labelled urea was applied at different rates to both sterilized and non‐sterilized soils. After 10 days, the soils were extracted and washed with K2SO4 and determined for total N and atom% 15N excess. Urea N was recovered as non‐extractable N in sterilized soil corresponding to 9.7% of supplied l5N‐labelled urea in the organic soil and 2.2% in the clay soil. Since no biological immobilization is thought to occur in the sterile soil, this non‐extractable N is suggested to be chemically fixed to soil organic matter. Owing to urea hydrolysis in the clay soil, pH increased from 6.3 to 9.3 and in the organic soil from 5.7 to 6.9 and 8.8, respectively, at the low and high urea supply.
{"title":"Chemical fixation of ammonia to soil organic matter after application of urea","authors":"G. Johansson","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362482","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical fixation of NH3 to soil organic matter was studied in two Swedish soils with different contents of organic matter: a clay soil with 2.3% C and an organic soil with 36.6% C. 15N‐labelled urea was applied at different rates to both sterilized and non‐sterilized soils. After 10 days, the soils were extracted and washed with K2SO4 and determined for total N and atom% 15N excess. Urea N was recovered as non‐extractable N in sterilized soil corresponding to 9.7% of supplied l5N‐labelled urea in the organic soil and 2.2% in the clay soil. Since no biological immobilization is thought to occur in the sterile soil, this non‐extractable N is suggested to be chemically fixed to soil organic matter. Owing to urea hydrolysis in the clay soil, pH increased from 6.3 to 9.3 and in the organic soil from 5.7 to 6.9 and 8.8, respectively, at the low and high urea supply.","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81413904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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