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Strategies for Policy in Science and Education-Strategii na Obrazovatelnata i Nauchnata Politika最新文献

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Challenges and Good Practices in the Practical Training of Students in “Social Pedagogy” in Conditions of Covid Restrictions 新冠疫情条件下“社会教育学”学生实践培训的挑战与良好做法
Aleksandar Ranev, Plamen Minchev
The article reflects the results of research among practical education specialists who teach the students of the “Social Pedagogy” specialty of the University of Sofia and the teachers who are responsible for the organization of the practical training. The research was carried out through a focus group and a survey and aims to establish the good practices and challenges in organizing and conducting the practical training of the students during the COVID restrictions. The analysis of the results allows us to outline guidelines for improving the quality of the training in the conditions of unforeseen changes and crisis situations to satisfy the need for qualified and motivated specialists in the field of social pedagogy.
本文反映了索非亚大学“社会教育学”专业的实践教育专家和负责组织实践培训的教师的研究结果。该研究通过焦点小组和调查进行,旨在确定在COVID限制期间组织和开展学生实践培训的良好做法和挑战。对结果的分析使我们能够概述在不可预见的变化和危机情况下提高培训质量的准则,以满足对社会教育学领域合格和积极的专家的需要。
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引用次数: 0
Higher Education in Support of the Sustainable Tourism Development 高等教育支持旅游业可持续发展
P. Ivanova
The article examines the ways in which sustainable tourism is implemented in education. The need for this incorporation is identified and essential components through which it can be realized in tourism education are outlined. The object of the study is higher education in tourism, and its subject is the implementation of knowledge, skills and competences in students for the sustainable development of the sector. The main thesis of the author is that implementing the goals of sustainable development in tourism education and building a new way of thinking has an impact on the future abilities of professionals in the sector to achieve its long-term viability. On the basis of exploration of existing literature, as well as on the basis of own scientific and teaching experience, a conceptual model for education towards sustainable tourism development has been built and proposed. As an additional result of the research, good international practices and opportunities for education in the direction of sustainable tourism are presented.
本文探讨了可持续旅游在教育中的实施方式。确定了这种结合的必要性,并概述了在旅游教育中实现这种结合的基本组成部分。本研究的对象是旅游高等教育,其主题是实施知识,技能和能力的学生为可持续发展的部门。作者的主要论点是,在旅游教育中实施可持续发展的目标,建立新的思维方式,对该部门专业人员的未来能力产生影响,以实现其长期生存能力。在对现有文献进行探索的基础上,结合自身的科研和教学经验,构建并提出了旅游可持续发展教育的概念模式。作为研究的另一个结果,提出了在可持续旅游方向上的良好国际做法和教育机会。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Resilience on Burnout in Online Learning Environment 网络学习环境中心理弹性对倦怠的影响
Radina Stoyanova, S. Karabeliova, Petya Pandurova, Nadezhda Zheckova, Kaloyan Mitev
The COVID-19 virus outbreak has affected all aspects of human life. The challenges of education during the pandemic could have an impact on coping with stress. The aim of the current study was to explore the effects of people’s resilience to stress on burnout symptoms. We used The Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach, 1982), while the capacity to cope with stress and recover was measured with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). There were 375 participants, 235 women and 140 men, between the ages of 18 and 48 years old (M = 21.43; SD = 3.93), learning in higher education institutions. We performed several regression analyses using a stepwise method. Adaptability (β = -.38, p < .01), external control (β = .23, p < .01), seeking social support (β = -.26, p < .01), and decisiveness (β = .17, p < .01) were found to be significant predictors of emotional exhaustion (R2 adj = .175). When it comes to personal accomplishments significant predictors were purposefulness (β = .29, p < .01), decisiveness (β = .19, p < .01), and adaptability (β = .13, p < .01) (R2adj = .304). Social support (β = -.36, p = .00), external control (β = .24, p < .01) and purposefulness (β = -.18, p < .01) were significant predictors of depersonalization (R2adj = .186). The findings from the present study show that high levels of resilience to stress have a protective effect on the manifestations of burnout symptoms. These results have implications for proposing theoretical foundations for burnout prevention strategies in an online learning context. Also, enrich intervention techniques connected with achieving higher adaptability.
新冠肺炎疫情已经影响到人类生活的方方面面。大流行期间的教育挑战可能对应对压力产生影响。本研究的目的是探讨人们对压力的适应能力对倦怠症状的影响。我们使用了Maslach倦怠量表(Maslach, 1982),而使用Connor-Davidson弹性量表(2003)来测量应对压力和恢复的能力。共有375名参与者,235名女性和140名男性,年龄在18至48岁之间(M = 21.43;SD = 3.93),在高等教育机构学习。我们用逐步方法进行了几次回归分析。适应性(β = -)38, p < 0.01),外部控制(β = 0.23, p < 0.01),寻求社会支持(β = -。26, p < 0.01)和果断(β = 0.17, p < 0.01)被发现是情绪衰竭的显著预测因子(R2 adj = 0.175)。当涉及到个人成就时,显著的预测因子是目的性(β = 0.29, p < 0.01)、决断性(β = 0.19, p < 0.01)和适应性(β = 0.13, p < 0.01) (R2adj = 0.304)。社会支持(β = -)36, p = .00),外部对照(β = .24, p < .01)和目的性(β = -。18, p < 0.01)是人格解体的显著预测因子(R2adj = 0.186)。本研究结果表明,高水平的压力恢复力对倦怠症状的表现具有保护作用。这些结果对提出在线学习环境下的职业倦怠预防策略的理论基础具有启示意义。同时,丰富与获得更高适应性相关的干预技术。
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引用次数: 0
Social and Information Determinants of Modern Non-Classical Methods of Changing Political Regimes (Strategic Dimensions) 政治体制变化的现代非经典方法的社会和信息决定因素(战略维度)
S. Denchev, Steliana Yordanova
The erosion of strategic geopolitical stability in all parts of the world is definitely having a strong negative impact on the social sustainability of our planet. Lack of clear rules of political and economic behavior and the growth of confrontation in international relations lead to a total disorientation of global modern social system. Dominant in this direction are not only current wars and permanent threats of local and global conflict situations, but also the non-conventional (information) technologies, methods and means of changing the political regimes. Despite the terminological diversity in this field, in the last few years there has been a need to fill the „blank space“ in understanding their nature and metrics. The need for a new meaningful definition of the specific political and economic, technological, social and information solutions and implications appeared mostly in social practice. In the present analysis, our attempt is to give a new interpretation to this specific measuring mechanism of the relations between individual states, which has an extraordinary degree of influence on contemporary social, economic and political relations and processes. In our opinion, the appropriate linguistic construction of this “benchmarkˮ is “Saltation diffusion penetrationˮ (SDP). SDP is a “phenomenonˮ that is becoming a dangerous tool for exerting and realizing socio-political and economic tension. Its real manifestations strike the determinants of a social system, its basic (democratic) state principles, and last but not least are a direct threat to its security.
世界各地战略地缘政治稳定受到侵蚀,这无疑对我们这个星球的社会可持续性产生了强烈的负面影响。缺乏明确的政治和经济行为规则以及国际关系中对抗的增长导致全球现代社会制度的完全迷失方向。在这个方向上占主导地位的不仅是当前的战争和地方和全球冲突局势的永久威胁,而且还有改变政治制度的非传统(信息)技术、方法和手段。尽管这个领域的术语多种多样,但在过去的几年里,人们需要填补理解它们的性质和度量的“空白”。需要对具体的政治和经济、技术、社会和信息解决办法及其影响作出新的有意义的定义,这主要是在社会实践中出现的。在当前的分析中,我们试图对这种对当代社会、经济和政治关系和进程有着非凡影响的个别国家之间关系的具体衡量机制给出新的解释。我们认为,这种“基准性”的语言结构应该是“跳跃扩散穿透性”(SDP)。社会民主党是一种“现象”,它正在成为施加和实现社会政治和经济紧张的危险工具。它的真实表现打击了社会制度的决定因素,它的基本(民主)国家原则,最后但并非最不重要的是对其安全的直接威胁。
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引用次数: 0
Educational Aspects of the Training of the Ground Forces Command Personnel 地面部队指挥人员训练的教育方面
E. Enev
At the beginning of the XXI century, the understanding of transformation encompasses not only organizational and structural processes, but also processes regarding the proficiency of those who implement them. In the Armed Forces system, proficiency can be considered in several aspects – doctrinal, managerial, methodological, psychological, pedagogical, technical. Since transformation is not a single act, but an ongoing function of the National Security System, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of the continuity of the process of acquiring knowledge for today's immediate performers as they grow and assume positions of responsibility. The purpose of this paper is to present arguments for the need to transform the proficiency (knowledge and capabilities) of transformational process leaders – at operational and tactical levels, to navigate and skillfully apply modern technological innovations in favour of the thinking and preparation of the governing bodies and in the Land Forces training system.
在21世纪初,对转型的理解不仅包括组织和结构过程,还包括实施这些过程的人员的熟练程度。在武装部队系统中,熟练程度可以从几个方面来考虑——理论、管理、方法、心理、教学和技术。由于转型不是一个单一的行动,而是国家安全系统的一个持续的功能,因此有必要强调在今天的直接执行者成长和承担责任的过程中,持续获取知识的过程的重要性。本文的目的是为变革过程领导者在作战和战术层面上的熟练程度(知识和能力)的转变提供论据,以引导和熟练地应用现代技术创新,有利于管理机构和陆军训练系统的思考和准备。
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引用次数: 0
State and Prospects of Development of Academic Mobility in the System of Training a Special Education Specialist 特殊教育专科人才培养体系中学术流动的现状与发展展望
Tetіana Dokuchyna, S. Myronova, T. Franchuk
The article examines the problems of an integrated approach to the development of academic mobility in the system of training a special education teacher. The results of an experimental study are presented, which made it possible to find out the real state of readiness of future special teachers for academic mobility; to identify problems that have an inhibitory effect on this process.In general, they indicate the dominance of the student's object position in the system of his professional development, so academic mobility is not perceived by them as an effective means of developing professional competence. This is confirmed by the results of a survey on the range of indicators of existing experience in academic mobility, the attitude to it as a factor of the quality of professional development and the presence of barriers that complicate it. The prospects of providing a systematic approach to the development of academic mobility of students are determined, within which it is necessary: on the one hand – to design the development of the student's subject position in the system of his professional development on the basis of an individual educational trajectory, on the other – to develop gradually the possibilities of academic mobility based on increasing the active position of the student himself.
本文探讨了在特殊教育教师培养体系中,运用综合方法促进学术流动发展的问题。提出了一项实验研究的结果,从而可以了解未来特教教师对学术流动的真实准备状况;找出对这一过程有抑制作用的问题。总的来说,学术流动表明学生在其专业发展体系中的客体地位占主导地位,因此他们并不认为学术流动是培养专业能力的有效手段。关于学术流动的现有经验的各种指标的调查结果证实了这一点,对学术流动作为专业发展质量的一个因素的态度以及使学术流动复杂化的障碍的存在。为学生学术流动的发展提供系统途径的前景是确定的,在此基础上,必须一方面在个人教育轨迹的基础上设计学生在其专业发展系统中的主体地位的发展,另一方面在提高学生自身主动地位的基础上逐步发展学术流动的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Competitive Positioning of Higher Education Schools and Digital Transformation 高等教育学校竞争定位与数字化转型
G. Dimitrova
The processes of technological development and digitization of the economy find their projection on universities. As a producer of knowledge, they are expected to respond strategically to the challenges of scientific and technical progress to absorb the existing digital potential, at least in two aspects: in relation to the formation of the quality of human capital, according to the needs of the labor market and in terms of the quality of research activity and the transfer of knowledge – to increase innovation activity and the development of the national economy. In this regard, the research thesis is that in conditions of the knowledge economy and Industry 4.0, the main factors for the competitiveness of HEIs and for their competitive positioning are derived from the cooperation between science, education and business and their strategic transformation from classical to research universities, with an equal focus on their educational and research activities.
科技发展和经济数字化的进程在大学中得到了体现。作为知识的生产者,他们应该战略性地应对科学和技术进步的挑战,以吸收现有的数字潜力,至少在两个方面:在人力资本质量的形成方面,根据劳动力市场的需要,在研究活动和知识转移的质量方面-增加创新活动和国民经济的发展。因此,研究论文认为,在知识经济和工业4.0条件下,高等学校的竞争力和竞争定位的主要因素来自于科教商学的合作,以及从传统大学向研究型大学的战略转型,教育和研究并重。
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引用次数: 0
Strategies and Policies to Support the Development of AI Technologies in Europe 支持欧洲人工智能技术发展的战略和政策
Miglena Molhova, Petya Biolcheva
The starting point for this particular research is to uncover the relationship between the establishment of the regulatory framework, the implementation of various European digitisation development programmes and other types of enabling environment (financial instruments and programmes) with the demonstrated performance of business and science in the form of registered patents in the field of AI. The scope of the study is limited to the specific legal documents in the field of artificial intelligence, the financial mechanisms that Europe applies to stimulate research in this field, as well as to the applications filed and patents granted for technologies in the field of artificial intelligence, namely: machine understanding technologies. The study’s main results show that technology companies follow their own technology policies to meet market demands and trends, and support mechanisms (in the form of policies, programmes, and financial incentives) are more the result of technological developments than the other way around.
这项特殊研究的出发点是揭示监管框架的建立、各种欧洲数字化发展计划的实施和其他类型的有利环境(金融工具和计划)与人工智能领域以注册专利的形式展示的商业和科学绩效之间的关系。研究范围仅限于人工智能领域的具体法律文件,欧洲用于刺激该领域研究的金融机制,以及人工智能领域技术的申请和专利授权,即:机器理解技术。研究的主要结果表明,科技公司遵循自己的技术政策来满足市场需求和趋势,而支持机制(以政策、计划和财政激励的形式)更多地是技术发展的结果,而不是相反。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of Firm Competitiveness: Econometric Evidence from the Bulgarian Industry 企业竞争力的决定因素:来自保加利亚工业的计量经济学证据
Desislava Ivanova, Rumyana Angelova
The factor effects of profitability at company and sectoral levels have earned a special status in research literature as a general measure of competitiveness. The Covid-19 crisis resulted in restrictions in consumption, rising levels of company debt, and increased concerns about company liquidity, which has led to revenue risks for industrial production firms. This study attempts to examine several factor effects that have impacted the financial performance, respectively the competitiveness of Bulgarian enterprises.
在研究文献中,公司和行业层面的盈利能力的因素效应作为衡量竞争力的一般指标,获得了特殊的地位。新冠肺炎危机导致消费限制、企业债务水平上升,以及对企业流动性的担忧加剧,这导致工业生产企业面临收入风险。本研究试图考察影响财务绩效的几个因素,分别是保加利亚企业的竞争力。
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引用次数: 0
Effective Management of Human Resources in Tourism through Motivation 基于激励的旅游人力资源有效管理
Fahri Idriz, M. Geshkov
Tourism policy exists to provide tourists and the community with certainty about tourism development, maximizing benefits for stakeholders while minimizing adverse effects, costs, and other impacts. Many cities worldwide rely on tourism for local revenue, so the city government must consider a tourism development concept that preserves natural, social, and cultural resources for future generations. Sustainable tourism is developing quickly and favorably for the local population and the environment. In the foundation of effective touristic management lies the effective management of human resources in the tourist industry. This study analyzes the specifics and finds an effective way to manage human resources in the tourism industry. Our study is divided into the following sections: Section 1 – Introduction, Section 2 – The Specifics of Tourism Industry, Section 3 – Motivation of Human Resources in Tourism Industry, and Section 4-Conclusion.
旅游政策的存在是为了向游客和社区提供旅游业发展的确定性,使利益相关者的利益最大化,同时使不利影响、成本和其他影响最小化。世界上许多城市依靠旅游业获得地方收入,因此城市政府必须考虑为子孙后代保护自然、社会和文化资源的旅游发展理念。可持续旅游发展迅速,对当地居民和环境都有利。有效的旅游管理的基础是对旅游业人力资源的有效管理。本文通过对具体情况的分析,找到了旅游业人力资源管理的有效途径。我们的研究分为以下几个部分:第一部分——绪论,第二部分——旅游业的特点,第三部分——旅游业人力资源的动机,第四部分——结论。
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引用次数: 0
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Strategies for Policy in Science and Education-Strategii na Obrazovatelnata i Nauchnata Politika
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