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Strategies for Policy in Science and Education-Strategii na Obrazovatelnata i Nauchnata Politika最新文献

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Green Trademarks and Sustainability 绿色商标与可持续性
Silviya Todorova
The new generations of consumers are increasingly aware and demand more and more sustainable products that are friendly to the environment and health in general. Nowadays, most companies know that using trademarks that are associated with the nature, sustainable or healthy goods or services could increase their sales and profit. In recent years, there has been a growing trend in companies using environmentally conscious branding to highlight their commitment to sustainability. This involves terms like “organic”, “green”, “eco”, “eco-friendly”, “sustainable” or related words in the trademarks, including in logos, or slogans to convey their dedication to environmental responsibility. (Palacio 2023) These so-called Green Trademarks could bring sustainability to the company. Green Trademarks could be a way for companies to distinguish their products or services in the market by emphasizing their eco-friendly attributes.
新一代消费者的意识越来越强,他们对有利于环境和健康的可持续产品的需求也越来越高。如今,大多数公司都知道,使用与自然、可持续或健康的商品或服务相关的商标可以增加销售额和利润。近年来,越来越多的公司倾向于使用具有环保意识的品牌来突出其对可持续发展的承诺。这包括在商标中使用 "有机"、"绿色"、"生态"、"生态友好"、"可持续 "或相关词语,包括在徽标或口号中使用这些词语,以表达其对环境责任的承诺。(帕拉西奥 2023)这些所谓的绿色商标可以为公司带来可持续性。绿色商标可以成为公司在市场上区分其产品或服务的一种方式,强调其生态友好属性。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge Management and Intellectual Property in the Organization 组织中的知识管理和知识产权
Dimitrina Papagalska
This paper aims to demonstrate the interrelationship between knowledge management and intellectual property management in the organization as a prerequisite for achieving and maintaining competitiveness in different types of organizations. Knowledge subject to management can refer to both processes of creation of intellectual property objects and in terms of their market realization. Among the characteristics of this type of intellectual property knowledge is that it is concentrated in experts in the field, either internal or external to an organisation, and that the intellectual property legislation and market are dynamic. These are just some of the premises justifying the importance of managing this knowledge for the purpose of maintaining the competitive advantage of organisations that own intellectual property assets. The author’s thesis is that the management of an organisation’s intellectual assets inherently involves the management of knowledge associated with them, but knowledge management itself is not limited to that associated with intellectual property. An interdisciplinary methodology is used, the approach is from the general to the particular. Complex, systemic, and structural approaches are used as well as the methods of analysis and synthesis.
本文旨在论证组织中知识管理与知识产权管理之间的相互关系,这是不同类型组织实现和保持竞争力的先决条件。受管理的知识既可以指知识产权客体的创造过程,也可以指这些客体的市场实现过程。这类知识产权知识的特点包括:知识集中于该领域的专家,无论是组织内部的还是外部的;知识产权立法和市场是动态的。这些只是说明管理这类知识对于拥有知识产权资产的组织保持竞争优势的重要性的部分前提。作者的论点是,一个组织的知识资产管理本质上涉及与之相关的知识管理,但知识管理本身并不局限于与知识产权相关的知识管理。本书采用跨学科方法,从一般到特殊。使用了复杂、系统和结构方法以及分析和综合方法。
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引用次数: 0
State and Barriers to the Digitalization of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Bulgaria 保加利亚中小型企业数字化的现状与障碍
Boyko Takov
In the year 2021, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) constituted 99.81% of the total number of enterprises in Bulgaria. The number of individuals employed by SMEs accounted for 74.2% of the entire workforce. These enterprises contributed 66.5% of the overall economy’s added value, and this share has consistently been on the rise. Their development significantly influences the employment rate, overall economic growth, and the prosperity of our nation. Technological advancements and recent crises in recent years have spurred accelerated digitization across all spheres of public life, including business sector. It is increasingly penetrating SMEs in Bulgaria, albeit with a certain lag compared to the EU. There is no doubt that the digitization of SMEs serves as a crucial mechanism for achieving competitiveness and economic success, not only for the enterprises themselves, but also for our country as a whole. Given this context, the objective of this publication is to briefly present the summarized results of an analysis of the level of digitization of SMEs in Bulgaria and the examination of the key factors hindering its further development, serving as barriers to its progress. These findings can be valuable for guiding the efforts of managers and government entities in fostering the advancement of digitization in SMEs.
2021 年,中小型企业占保加利亚企业总数的 99.81%。中小型企业雇用的人数占整个劳动力的 74.2%。这些企业贡献了整个经济增加值的 66.5%,而且这一比例一直在上升。它们的发展极大地影响着就业率、整体经济增长和国家繁荣。技术进步和近年来的危机加速了包括商业部门在内的公共生活各个领域的数字化进程。数字化正日益渗透到保加利亚的中小型企业中,尽管与欧盟相比还有一定的滞后性。毫无疑问,中小企业的数字化是实现竞争力和经济成功的重要机制,不仅对企业本身如此,对我们整个国家也是如此。在此背景下,本出版物旨在简要介绍对保加利亚中小型企业数字化水平的分析总结结果,以及对阻碍其进一步发展的关键因素的研究,这些因素是其发展的障碍。这些研究结果对于指导管理者和政府实体努力促进中小企业的数字化进程非常有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Bulgarian National Radio (BNR) as Public Media. Opportunities and Perspectives 保加利亚国家广播电台(BNR)作为公共媒体的发展。机遇与前景
Hristin Strijlev
The idea of the present material is to analyze the structure and activity of the Bulgarian National Radio /BNR/ as an important element in the media system of Bulgaria. From this point of view, the good management and the results of the activities of BNR are extremely important to our society. The creation of quality and credible content; timely and accurate information to listeners, educating and entertaining the audience; creation of cultural events through the formations of the BNR; creation of a program for Bulgarians abroad and, accordingly, for foreigners in Bulgaria – all these commitments should be fulfilled by the team of BNR. Analysis of the activity of the individual structures of the BNR and the identification of existing weaknesses are key to making the right management decisions. Namely, these solutions are presented by the author, with an emphasis on the main function of BNR – the creation of quality content and its distribution on all technically existing platforms. Special attention is paid to the national programs “Horizont” and “Hristo Botev”, as well as to the regional programs broadcasting in 9 regional centres. Specific recommendations are given for better organisation of the work process to guarantee impartiality and professionalism. The importance of the development of programs in the Internet environment and the prospects for the development of the BNR streaming channels and the corresponding podcasts are emphasized. An important emphasis is placed on the activities of the bands of BNR – orchestras and choirs and their important contribution to the development of culture in Bulgaria. Last but not least, attention is paid to the technical development of radio and the importance of using new technologies to create and distribute content. The ultimate goal is to support the management process of a public media such as BNR and to emphasize how important it is for such a media to be a leader in the development of the media environment in the country.
本材料的目的是分析保加利亚国家广播电台(BNR)的结构和活动,它是保加利亚媒体系 统中的一个重要组成部分。从这个角度看,保加利亚国家广播电台的良好管理和活动成果对我们的社会极其重要。制作优质、可信的内容;及时、准确地向听众提供信息,教育和娱乐听众;通过 BNR 的组织形式举办文化活动;为国外的保加利亚人以及相应地为在保加利亚的外国人制作节目--所有这些承诺都应由 BNR 团队来履行。对 BNR 各机构活动的分析和对现有弱点的识别是做出正确管理决策的关键。也就是说,作者提出了这些解决方案,重点是 BNR 的主要职能--创造优质内容并在所有现有技术平台上进行传播。作者特别关注了国家级节目 "Horizont "和 "Hristo Botev",以及在 9 个地区中心播放的地区性节目。为更好地组织工作流程以保证公正性和专业性,提出了具体建议。强调了在互联网环境下发展节目的重要性,以及 BNR 流媒体频道和相应播客的发展前景。重点强调了 BNR 乐队(管弦乐队和合唱团)的活动及其对保加利亚文化发展的重要贡献。最后但并非最不重要的是,关注广播的技术发展以及利用新技术创建和传播内容的重要性。最终目标是支持像保加利亚国家广播电台这样的公共媒体的管理过程,并强调这样的媒体在国家媒体环境发展中发挥领导作用的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Royalties Payable for Public Performance of Musical Works in Commercial Establishments and Other Public Locations 在商业机构和其他公共场所公开演奏音乐作品应支付的版税
Hristin Strijlev
This paper discusses: Basic terms in the field of copyright and related rights, author and his basic characteristics and powers and holders of related rights and their powers, as an introduction to the topic; Public performance of musical works as a legal regulation; What, where and how is performed in public; What is the royalty payable for public performance in commercial and other public venues and is such royalty always payable to copyright and related rights holders; Examined are rulings of the ECJ related to the public performance of musical works in commercial and other public locations; Relevant conclusions and recommendations on the subject are made.
本文讨论本文讨论了:版权和相关权领域的基本术语、作者及其基本特征和权力以及相关权持有人及其权力,作为本专题的导言;音乐作品的公开表演作为一项法律规定;公开表演的内容、地点和方式;在商业和其他公共场所公开表演应支付的版税是多少,以及这种版税是否总是应支付给版权和相关权持有人;研究了欧洲法院有关在商业和其他公共场所公开表演音乐作品的裁决;就本专题提出了相关结论和建议。
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引用次数: 0
Competitiveness as a Result of Creativity and Innovation 创意和创新带来的竞争力
Nikolay Krushkov, Ralitza Zayakova-Krushkova
The aim of this article is to highlight that critical thinking and creativity generate innovation that is at the core of long-term competitiveness. The creation of culture of critical thinking and creativity should start with the education system – in primary and secondary schools, then it should find its way in science and research activities of institutes and universities, and finally, it should be implemented at all business levels – with the purpose of achieving systemic innovation. It is only in the conditions of a strategic education-science-business synergy, in an environment of promoting critical thinking, creativity and innovation, that long-term competitiveness is possible, which can result in large-scale development of nations, societies and businesses. The achieved level of competitiveness should in its turn be protected against external and internal threats by introducing security measures that include the entire system of physical, technical, information and procedure security, while recognizing and protecting intellectual property and trade secrets. In terms of relevance and methodology, this article reviews existing significant challenges to innovation and competitiveness management; questions are proposed demanding further research in the field of regulations, as regards leading innovation in a global context. Conclusions are drawn about the need of strategic synergy of the priorities of state policies in the fields of science, education and business. It is stated that only coordinated long-term prioritization and planning in economy, science and education, which involves development of focused scientific research in priority sectors (industries) and creation of staff predominantly for these priority sectors of national business development, can ensure long-term competitiveness, sustainability and growth.
本文旨在强调,批判性思维和创造力会产生创新,而创新是长期竞争力的核心。创造批判性思维和创造力文化应从教育系统开始--在中小学,然后在研究所和大学的科研活动中,最后在企业的各个层面实施--目的是实现系统创新。只有在教育-科学-企业战略协同的条件下,在促进批判性思维、创造力和创新的环境中,才有可能形成长期的竞争力,从而实现国家、社会和企业的大规模发展。反过来,所达到的竞争力水平也应通过采取安全措施来抵御外部和内部威胁,这些安全措施包括整个物理、技术、信息和程序安全系统,同时承认和保护知识产权和商业秘密。就相关性和方法论而言,本文回顾了创新和竞争力管理所面临的现有重大挑战;提出了在全球背景下领导创新方面需要在法规领域开展进一步研究的问题。文章得出结论认为,需要在科学、教育和商业领域对国家政策的优先事项进行战略协同。结论指出,只有协调经济、科学和教育领域的长期优先事项和规划,包括在优先部门(行业)开展重点科学研究,以及为国家企业发展的这些优先部门培养工作人员,才能确保长期竞争力、可持续性和增长。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence and Its Protection as an Invention 人工智能及其作为发明的保护
Vladislava Pаcheva
The subject of this article is artificial intelligence (AI) and its protection as industrial property, more particularly as inventions. It indicates the essence of artificial intelligence and the areas of application of the technology. The protection of the results of AI as inventions is considered, also the advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence are presented. The results of the done patent research are analysed. The filed applications for inventions and patents granted in the field of artificial intelligence in a national and international aspect are identified, with conclusions and recommendations for applicant activity in the study area.
本文的主题是人工智能(AI)及其作为工业产权的保护,尤其是作为发明的保护。文章指出了人工智能的本质和该技术的应用领域。文章考虑了将人工智能成果作为发明进行保护的问题,并介绍了人工智能的优缺点。对已完成的专利研究成果进行了分析。确定了国内和国际人工智能领域的发明申请和专利授权,并对研究领域的申请人活动提出了结论和建议。
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引用次数: 0
Intellectual Property Protection for Integrated Circuits 集成电路的知识产权保护
Iskren Konstantinov
The intellectual property (IP) protection of integrated circuits (ICs) is of key importance as the semiconductor industry has become a vital part of the advancement of technology and the development of the global economy. This is made clear by the creation of a special IP sui generis right that is meant to protect the layout design of ICs and make them harder to copy. The present article will present an overview of protection of layout designs of ICs and the experience of leading countries in the production of semiconductors. The countries are chosen based on their patenting activity in field which is an indicator of scientific and financial effort of those nations to develop their IC production capabilities.
半导体工业已成为技术进步和全球经济发展的重要组成部分,因此集成电路(IC)的知识产权(IP)保护至关重要。为保护集成电路布图设计并使其更难被复制而设立的特殊 IP 自成一类的权利清楚地表明了这一点。本文将概述集成电路布图设计的保护情况以及主要半导体生产国的经验。选择这些国家的依据是它们在该领域的专利申请活动,而专利申请活动是这些国家在发展集成电路生产能力方面的科学和财政努力的指标。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Economic Security through Intellectual Property 通过知识产权加强经济安全
Intellectual property has a key role in ensuring national economic security. It is being constantly challenged and multiple risks affect its adequate application. Intellectual property threats need to be addressed on government, company and individual level to tackle serious security risks and prevent damages. The article reviews relevant policies and strategies, which need to be put in place, in view of the adoption of disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence. It also discusses the elements of a robust and systemic economic model, which would enable monitoring and assessing the risks and multiple dimensions of IP threats in their interaction with the digital environment and infrastructure. Such a model could form and objective basis for evidence-based policy making to enhance national security through intellectual property.
知识产权在确保国家经济安全方面发挥着关键作用。知识产权不断受到挑战,多种风险影响其充分应用。需要在政府、公司和个人层面应对知识产权威胁,以解决严重的安全风险并防止损失。文章回顾了在采用人工智能等颠覆性技术时需要制定的相关政策和战略。文章还讨论了一个稳健、系统的经济模型的要素,该模型将有助于监测和评估知识产权威胁在与数字环境和基础设施互动过程中的风险和多个层面。这种模式可以为循证决策奠定客观基础,从而通过知识产权加强国家安全。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Cultural Heritage as a Strategic Resource for Innovations 作为创新战略资源的数字文化遗产
Polina Stoyanova
This article explores the role of digital cultural heritage as a strategic resource for fostering innovations across various sectors. Beyond its traditional cultural and historical significance, cultural heritage is recognized as a valuable resource for innovation, necessitating strategic management to unlock its economic potential in the digital era. The article suggests utilizing the intellectual property system to achieve economic realization of digital cultural heritage and foster innovation. The strategic management at the national level is emphasized to yield returns on investments, especially in the digitization of cultural heritage. Recognizing its potential beyond traditional cultural realms, the article emphasizes strategic management to unlock economic value and advocates for innovation in sectors such as education, research, healthcare, and tourism.
本文探讨了数字文化遗产作为促进各领域创新的战略资源所发挥的作用。除了传统的文化和历史意义之外,文化遗产还被认为是一种宝贵的创新资源,有必要对其进行战略管理,以释放其在数字时代的经济潜力。文章建议利用知识产权制度实现数字文化遗产的经济变现,促进创新。文章强调了国家层面的战略管理,以获得投资回报,尤其是在文化遗产数字化方面。文章认识到其超越传统文化领域的潜力,强调通过战略管理来释放经济价值,并倡导在教育、研究、医疗保健和旅游等领域进行创新。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Strategies for Policy in Science and Education-Strategii na Obrazovatelnata i Nauchnata Politika
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