Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2019.25.1.123
Chunyuan Li
The rise and expansion of the Mongol empire in the first half of the thirteenth century created a serious crisis in the tributary (冊封-朝貢) system, which had been providing a feasible framework for five hundred years for exchange between the mainland regimes like the Tang, Song, Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin, and those on the Korean Peninsula including the Silla and Koryǒ, which allowed the latter de facto independence while ritually recognizing the suzerainty of the former. Despite the Koryǒ’s efforts for continuing the tributary system, the Mongols, imposing its own policies on the newly subjected countries,kept requiring the Koryǒ to fulfill a set of demands, or the “Six Obiligations”
{"title":"Transition under Ambiguity: Koryǒ-Mongol Relations around 1260","authors":"Chunyuan Li","doi":"10.22372/ijkh.2019.25.1.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2019.25.1.123","url":null,"abstract":"The rise and expansion of the Mongol empire in the first half of the thirteenth century created a serious crisis in the tributary (冊封-朝貢) system, which had been providing a feasible framework for five hundred years for exchange between the mainland regimes like the Tang, Song, Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin, and those on the Korean Peninsula including the Silla and Koryǒ, which allowed the latter de facto independence while ritually recognizing the suzerainty of the former. Despite the Koryǒ’s efforts for continuing the tributary system, the Mongols, imposing its own policies on the newly subjected countries,kept requiring the Koryǒ to fulfill a set of demands, or the “Six Obiligations”","PeriodicalId":40840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Korean History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41505240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2020.25.1.41
Sangho Ro
{"title":"Shifting Perceptions of Insects in the Late Chosŏn Period","authors":"Sangho Ro","doi":"10.22372/ijkh.2020.25.1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2020.25.1.41","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Korean History","volume":"233 ","pages":"41-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2020.25.1.157
Jeong-il Lee
{"title":"Engaging Differences in Chosŏn Korea: A Post-Ming Context","authors":"Jeong-il Lee","doi":"10.22372/ijkh.2020.25.1.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2020.25.1.157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Korean History","volume":"216 ","pages":"157-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2020.25.1.243
Rachel Min Park
Youngja’s Heydays (Yŏngja ŭi chŏnsŏng sidae, directed by Kim Hosŏn 1975) follows the story of a Korean woman named Youngja, as she tries to survive in the harsh environment of metropolitan Seoul. Leaving her countryside home in an effort to eke out a living in the city, she moves from job to job—first as a maid in a wealthy household, then as a bus conductress, and finally as a “hostess” (the euphemistic name for prostitutes in South Korea at this time). The film follows her relationship with Changsu, a laborer who falls in love with Youngja and desperately tries to save her, presumably in pursuit of a middle-class dream (marriage, a home, kids). By simultaneously depicting the abhorrent material circumstances of lower-class laborers in Korea and the melodramatic (and tragic) relationship between Changsu and Youngja, Youngja’s Heydays treads a curiously fine line between reality and its excess. In using stylistic techniques such as point of view shots, muted sounds, and palimpsestic overlay, Youngja’s Heydays employs the aesthetics of excess to emphasize the fractured subjectivity and banality of commodification in an authoritarian, developmental state that comprised South Korea in the 1970s.
{"title":"Youngja’s Heydays and the Broken Bodies of Authoritarian Construction","authors":"Rachel Min Park","doi":"10.22372/ijkh.2020.25.1.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2020.25.1.243","url":null,"abstract":"Youngja’s Heydays (Yŏngja ŭi chŏnsŏng sidae, directed by Kim Hosŏn 1975) follows the story of a Korean woman named Youngja, as she tries to survive in the harsh environment of metropolitan Seoul. Leaving her countryside home in an effort to eke out a living in the city, she moves from job to job—first as a maid in a wealthy household, then as a bus conductress, and finally as a “hostess” (the euphemistic name for prostitutes in South Korea at this time). The film follows her relationship with Changsu, a laborer who falls in love with Youngja and desperately tries to save her, presumably in pursuit of a middle-class dream (marriage, a home, kids). By simultaneously depicting the abhorrent material circumstances of lower-class laborers in Korea and the melodramatic (and tragic) relationship between Changsu and Youngja, Youngja’s Heydays treads a curiously fine line between reality and its excess. In using stylistic techniques such as point of view shots, muted sounds, and palimpsestic overlay, Youngja’s Heydays employs the aesthetics of excess to emphasize the fractured subjectivity and banality of commodification in an authoritarian, developmental state that comprised South Korea in the 1970s.","PeriodicalId":40840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Korean History","volume":"212 ","pages":"243-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2020.25.1.123
Chunyuan Li
The rise and expansion of the Mongol empire in the first half of the thirteenth century created a serious crisis in the tributary (冊封-朝貢) system, which had been providing a feasible framework for five hundred years for exchange between the mainland regimes like the Tang, Song, Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin, and those on the Korean Peninsula including the Silla and Koryǒ, which allowed the latter de facto independence while ritually recognizing the suzerainty of the former. Despite the Koryǒ’s efforts for continuing the tributary system, the Mongols, imposing its own policies on the newly subjected countries,kept requiring the Koryǒ to fulfill a set of demands, or the “Six Obiligations”
{"title":"Transition under Ambiguity: Koryǒ-Mongol Relations around 1260","authors":"Chunyuan Li","doi":"10.22372/ijkh.2020.25.1.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2020.25.1.123","url":null,"abstract":"The rise and expansion of the Mongol empire in the first half of the thirteenth century created a serious crisis in the tributary (冊封-朝貢) system, which had been providing a feasible framework for five hundred years for exchange between the mainland regimes like the Tang, Song, Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin, and those on the Korean Peninsula including the Silla and Koryǒ, which allowed the latter de facto independence while ritually recognizing the suzerainty of the former. Despite the Koryǒ’s efforts for continuing the tributary system, the Mongols, imposing its own policies on the newly subjected countries,kept requiring the Koryǒ to fulfill a set of demands, or the “Six Obiligations”","PeriodicalId":40840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Korean History","volume":"586 ","pages":"123-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.47
Soochan Park
{"title":"A New Path for the Study of the Koryŏ Dynasty: Exploring the Future of Online Historical Source Archives","authors":"Soochan Park","doi":"10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.47","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Korean History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44354810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.13
Dong-yoon Lim
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is significant to our daily lives, with various advanced technologies ranging from artificial intelligence (AI) to virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). The 4IR is based on the digital revolution, which involved the combination of the virtual and physical realities via ubiquitous mobile technology, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. 1
{"title":"Advanced Technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Korean Ancient History - Study on the use of artificial intelligence to decipher Wooden Tablets and the restoration of ancient historical remains using virtual reality and augmented reality -","authors":"Dong-yoon Lim","doi":"10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is significant to our daily lives, with various advanced technologies ranging from artificial intelligence (AI) to virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). The 4IR is based on the digital revolution, which involved the combination of the virtual and physical realities via ubiquitous mobile technology, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. 1","PeriodicalId":40840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Korean History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47168136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.99
M. Moon
At some point in Korean history, the term “Fourth Industrial Revolution” has become a word describing an age that will soon begin or has already begun. Klaus Schwab stated that “a ubiquitous and mobile internet, small powerful cheap sensors, artificial intelligence, and machine learning” are distinguishing characteristics of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, 1 and as such the key to this revolution is a historic development in information technology (IT) and digital revolution. The term “Fourth Industrial Revolution” is not a newly coined term. It was used to describe the emergence of electronic engineering in 1955, the computer age in the 1970s, and the development of information and communication technology (ICT) in 1984. The same term was also used to discuss nanotechnology in the 1990s. 2 “The Fourth Industrial Revolu-
{"title":"Big Data and the Prospects of Historical Research - A study of research in modern and contemporary Korean history -","authors":"M. Moon","doi":"10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.99","url":null,"abstract":"At some point in Korean history, the term “Fourth Industrial Revolution” has become a word describing an age that will soon begin or has already begun. Klaus Schwab stated that “a ubiquitous and mobile internet, small powerful cheap sensors, artificial intelligence, and machine learning” are distinguishing characteristics of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, 1 and as such the key to this revolution is a historic development in information technology (IT) and digital revolution. The term “Fourth Industrial Revolution” is not a newly coined term. It was used to describe the emergence of electronic engineering in 1955, the computer age in the 1970s, and the development of information and communication technology (ICT) in 1984. The same term was also used to discuss nanotechnology in the 1990s. 2 “The Fourth Industrial Revolu-","PeriodicalId":40840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Korean History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45696373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.1
Kiduk Kim
If we were to line up academic disciplines in the order of their speed of change in step with the times, the study of law will come at the very end. It is because laws change only after numerous precedents have been accumulated over time. Since laws change with the majority, not minority, consent of the people, law is considered the most conservative field of study. Then which academic disciplines adapt quickly to the changing times? I believe that art and technology stand at the forefront. In art, a small number of creative geniuses are always the first to read the changing trend of the times when creating their artwork. As a result, the public does not necessarily love or agree with their work, which are often considered strange. Great artworks in history that we love today might have been thought of as bizarre and unconventional in their time. Even today, people do not tend to enjoy and love modern art but rather think of it as strange and curious.
{"title":"Guest Editor’s Introduction: The Role of Historical Studies in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution","authors":"Kiduk Kim","doi":"10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"If we were to line up academic disciplines in the order of their speed of change in step with the times, the study of law will come at the very end. It is because laws change only after numerous precedents have been accumulated over time. Since laws change with the majority, not minority, consent of the people, law is considered the most conservative field of study. Then which academic disciplines adapt quickly to the changing times? I believe that art and technology stand at the forefront. In art, a small number of creative geniuses are always the first to read the changing trend of the times when creating their artwork. As a result, the public does not necessarily love or agree with their work, which are often considered strange. Great artworks in history that we love today might have been thought of as bizarre and unconventional in their time. Even today, people do not tend to enjoy and love modern art but rather think of it as strange and curious.","PeriodicalId":40840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Korean History","volume":"223 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.133
S. Müller
One of the most impressive experiences for visitors of modern Kyŏngju, the former location of the capital of the Silla kingdom, is a walk through the ‘Taenŭngwŏn Tomb Complex’ from the southern entrance, where with every step along the path more mountain-like burial mounds appear in front of the observer. At this place, the deeply rooted history of Kyŏngju becomes a direct experience. The question who was buried in these mounds is seemingly easy to answer: they must be the last resting places of Silla’s kings and queens. However, as has been understood for a while, most of the more than hundred-fifty barrows counted in the vicinity of Wŏlsŏng, the core of the ancient capital, were constructed in a rather limited time span, the so-called maripkan period, which lasted for a little bit less than 160 years (356-514 CE). Obviously, most of the graves must have been occupied by other individuals than the six, historically known rulers of that time. Differences in the size and the equipment of the burials have been commonly interpreted as related to the social status of the deceased. 1 Although this assumption might not cause too much dis-
{"title":"Monumental Burial Mounds in Kyŏngju: Remarks on their Socio-political Meaning","authors":"S. Müller","doi":"10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.2.133","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most impressive experiences for visitors of modern Kyŏngju, the former location of the capital of the Silla kingdom, is a walk through the ‘Taenŭngwŏn Tomb Complex’ from the southern entrance, where with every step along the path more mountain-like burial mounds appear in front of the observer. At this place, the deeply rooted history of Kyŏngju becomes a direct experience. The question who was buried in these mounds is seemingly easy to answer: they must be the last resting places of Silla’s kings and queens. However, as has been understood for a while, most of the more than hundred-fifty barrows counted in the vicinity of Wŏlsŏng, the core of the ancient capital, were constructed in a rather limited time span, the so-called maripkan period, which lasted for a little bit less than 160 years (356-514 CE). Obviously, most of the graves must have been occupied by other individuals than the six, historically known rulers of that time. Differences in the size and the equipment of the burials have been commonly interpreted as related to the social status of the deceased. 1 Although this assumption might not cause too much dis-","PeriodicalId":40840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Korean History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47657458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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