Globalization encourages every country to move to develop innovation. The emergence of globalization certainly has an impact on the life of a country, including Indonesia. Diversification and expansion of exports to non-traditional countries in accordance with the policy direction of Indonesia's International trade cooperation. The expansion of exports to non-traditional markets is one of the strategies undertaken by the Government to anticipate the current global trade conditions, this condition provides an opportunity for Indonesia to open up greater market access and rise Faster during this pandemic. This analysis aims to see the effectiveness of International trade cooperation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used are desk research and comparison study, by comparing Indonesia's trade with partner countries that have and have not conducted trade cooperation. Use secondary trade data from the Central Bureau of Statistics before and during the pandemic. Based on this analysis, there are indications that the cooperation carried out by partner countries that have been explored cannot run optimally by looking at the structure of trade value as well as the growth of exports and imports of Indonesia with partner countries. Keywords: International Trade Cooperation, Pandemic Covid 19, Export ImportGlobalisasi mendorong setiap negara untuk bergerak mengembangkan inovasi. Munculnya globalisasi tentunya membawa dampak bagi kehidupan suatu negara termasuk Indonesia. Diversifikasi dan perluasan ekspor ke negara non tradisional sesuai dengan arah kebijakan kerjasama perdagangan Internasional Indonesia. Perluasan ekspor ke pasar non tradisional tersebut merupakan salah satu strategi yang dilakukan Pemerintah guna mengantisipasi kondisi perdagangan global saat ini, kondisi ini memberikan kesempatan Indonesia untuk membuka akses pasar yang lebih besar serta bangkit lebih cepat di masa pandemi ini. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas kerjasama perdagangan Internasional dimasa pandemi covid 19. Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah comparison studydan desk research, dengan membandingkan kerjasama Inonesia dengan negara lain tanpa adanya perjanjian perdagangan. Data perdagangan menggunakan sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik sebelum dan saat pandemi. Berdasarkan analisis ini terdapat indikasi bahwa kerjasama yang dilakukan oleh negara mitra yang sudah dijajaki tidak dapat berjalan optimal dengan dengan melihat struktur nilai perdagangan serta pertumbuhan ekspor dan impor Indonesia dengan negara mitra.
全球化鼓励每个国家发展创新。全球化的出现肯定会对一个国家的生活产生影响，包括印度尼西亚。根据印尼国际贸易合作的政策方向，多样化和扩大对非传统国家的出口。扩大对非传统市场的出口是政府为预测当前全球贸易条件而采取的战略之一，这种条件为印度尼西亚提供了一个机会，使其能够更大程度地开放市场准入，并在疫情期间更快地崛起。这一分析旨在了解新冠肺炎疫情期间国际贸易合作的有效性。使用的研究方法是桌面研究和比较研究，通过比较印度尼西亚与有和没有进行贸易合作的伙伴国家的贸易。使用中央统计局在疫情前和疫情期间的二手贸易数据。根据这一分析，有迹象表明，从贸易价值结构以及印度尼西亚与伙伴国家的进出口增长来看，已探索的伙伴国家开展的合作无法达到最佳效果。关键词:国际贸易合作，新型冠状病毒肺炎，出口，进口，全球化，出口，贸易，贸易，贸易，贸易，贸易，创新Munculnya globalisasi tenunya membawa dampak bagi kehidupan suatu negara termasuk印度尼西亚。多元文化是印尼的一种非传统文化，是印尼的一种国际文化。印尼国家卫生组织(Perluasan)表示，它是一个非传统的组织，但它是一个全球性的组织，它是一个全球性的组织，它是一个全球性的组织，它是一个全球性的组织，它是一个全球性的组织，它是一个全国性的组织，它是一个全国性的组织，它是一个全国性的组织，它是一个全国性的组织，它是一个全国性的组织，它是一个全国性的组织，它是一个全国性的组织，它是一个全国性的组织，它是一个全国性的组织，它是一个全国性的组织。国际新冠肺炎大流行分析。方法penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah比较研究和桌面研究，dengan membandingkan kerjasama印度尼西亚dengan negara lain tanpa adanya perjanjian perdagangan。数据来自巴基斯坦统计部门的统计数据。Berdasarkan分析ini terdapat indikasi bahwa kerjasama yang dilakukan oleh negara mitra yang sudah dijajaki tidak dapat berjalan最优dengan dengan meliha strkturi perdagangan serta pertumbuhan ekspor进口印尼dengan negara mitra。
{"title":"Optimalisasi Kerjasama Perdagangan Indonesia dengan Negara Mitra di Masa Pandemi Covid-19","authors":"Deky Paryadi","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3008","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization encourages every country to move to develop innovation. The emergence of globalization certainly has an impact on the life of a country, including Indonesia. Diversification and expansion of exports to non-traditional countries in accordance with the policy direction of Indonesia's International trade cooperation. The expansion of exports to non-traditional markets is one of the strategies undertaken by the Government to anticipate the current global trade conditions, this condition provides an opportunity for Indonesia to open up greater market access and rise Faster during this pandemic. This analysis aims to see the effectiveness of International trade cooperation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used are desk research and comparison study, by comparing Indonesia's trade with partner countries that have and have not conducted trade cooperation. Use secondary trade data from the Central Bureau of Statistics before and during the pandemic. Based on this analysis, there are indications that the cooperation carried out by partner countries that have been explored cannot run optimally by looking at the structure of trade value as well as the growth of exports and imports of Indonesia with partner countries. Keywords: International Trade Cooperation, Pandemic Covid 19, Export ImportGlobalisasi mendorong setiap negara untuk bergerak mengembangkan inovasi. Munculnya globalisasi tentunya membawa dampak bagi kehidupan suatu negara termasuk Indonesia. Diversifikasi dan perluasan ekspor ke negara non tradisional sesuai dengan arah kebijakan kerjasama perdagangan Internasional Indonesia. Perluasan ekspor ke pasar non tradisional tersebut merupakan salah satu strategi yang dilakukan Pemerintah guna mengantisipasi kondisi perdagangan global saat ini, kondisi ini memberikan kesempatan Indonesia untuk membuka akses pasar yang lebih besar serta bangkit lebih cepat di masa pandemi ini. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas kerjasama perdagangan Internasional dimasa pandemi covid 19. Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah comparison studydan desk research, dengan membandingkan kerjasama Inonesia dengan negara lain tanpa adanya perjanjian perdagangan. Data perdagangan menggunakan sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik sebelum dan saat pandemi. Berdasarkan analisis ini terdapat indikasi bahwa kerjasama yang dilakukan oleh negara mitra yang sudah dijajaki tidak dapat berjalan optimal dengan dengan melihat struktur nilai perdagangan serta pertumbuhan ekspor dan impor Indonesia dengan negara mitra.","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121746348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Belt and Road Initiative, which was initiated by China in 2013, is a multilateral foreign policy strategy that is not only in the form of cooperation in an economic scheme, but BRI also provides loans in the form of infrastructure investment to countries that join this project. India, as a country that considers BRI a threat to its country, has made an act to drive an economic scheme called the Asia Africa Growth Corridor with Japan and other countries in Africa. This action was carried out by India by cooperating with countries that have similar views on BRI and countries that have both suffered losses from the establishment of BRI by President Xi Jinping. This phenomenon is a form of balancing, in the theory of Balance of Power by Kenneth Waltz. This article aims to determine the balancing perspective in seeing the formation of AAGC by India as a counter form to China's BRI project. ini dilakukan India dengan menggandeng negara yang memiliki pandangan serupa terhadap BRI dan negara yang sama-sama ditimpa kerugian atas dibentuknya BRI oleh presiden Xi Jinping. Fenomena ini merupakan suatu bentuk Balancing, dalam teori Balance of Power oleh Kenneth Waltz. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perspektif balancing dalam memandang dibentuknya AAGC oleh India sebagai bentuk counter terhadap proyek BRI milik Tiongkok. Kata Kunci: India, Balancing, Balance of Power, Asia Africa Growth Corridor, Belt and Road Initiatives.
“一带一路”倡议由中国于2013年提出，是一项多边外交政策战略，不仅以经济合作的形式，而且以基础设施投资的形式向参与该项目的国家提供贷款。印度认为“一带一路”是对其国家的威胁，已经采取行动，与日本和非洲其他国家一起推动一项名为“亚非增长走廊”的经济计划。这种现象在肯尼斯·瓦尔兹的权力平衡理论中是一种平衡的形式。本文旨在确定平衡的视角，将印度建立的AAGC视为中国“一带一路”项目的反制形式。《平衡》，《权力的平衡》，肯尼斯·瓦尔兹著。Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui透视平衡dalam memandang dibentuknya AAGC oleh印度sebagai bentukcounterhahapyek BRI milikongkok。Kata Kunci:印度，平衡，力量平衡，亚非增长走廊，一带一路倡议。
{"title":"Respon India Terhadap Belt Road Initiatives oleh Presiden Xi Jinping Melalui Asia Africa\u0000 Growth Corridor","authors":"Callula Salsabillah, M. Aryani","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3012","url":null,"abstract":"The Belt and Road Initiative, which was initiated by China in 2013, is a multilateral foreign policy strategy that is not only in the form of cooperation in an economic scheme, but BRI also provides loans in the form of infrastructure investment to countries that join this project. India, as a country that considers BRI a threat to its country, has made an act to drive an economic scheme called the Asia Africa Growth Corridor with Japan and other countries in Africa. This action was carried out by India by cooperating with countries that have similar views on BRI and countries that have both suffered losses from the establishment of BRI by President Xi Jinping. This phenomenon is a form of balancing, in the theory of Balance of Power by Kenneth Waltz. This article aims to determine the balancing perspective in seeing the formation of AAGC by India as a counter form to China's BRI project. ini dilakukan India dengan menggandeng negara yang memiliki pandangan serupa terhadap BRI dan negara yang sama-sama ditimpa kerugian atas dibentuknya BRI oleh presiden Xi Jinping. Fenomena ini merupakan suatu bentuk Balancing, dalam teori Balance of Power oleh Kenneth Waltz. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perspektif balancing dalam memandang dibentuknya AAGC oleh India sebagai bentuk counter terhadap proyek BRI milik Tiongkok. Kata Kunci: India, Balancing, Balance of Power, Asia Africa Growth Corridor, Belt and Road Initiatives.","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132992550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tulisan ini membahas intervensi Amerika Serikat dalam perang sipil Suriah tahun 2011-2017. Pada awal perang sipil, Amerika Serikat lebih memilih intervensi secara tertutup dalam mendorong Perubahan rezim di Suriah. Namun, di pertengan perang sipil Amerika Serikat mengubah intervensinya dengan menggunakan intrumen militer. Pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam tulisan ini adalah mengapa Amerika Serikat memilih opsi intervensi non-militer di awal-awal perang sipil dan tidak langsung melakukan intervensi militer seperti yang dilakukan dalam kasus-kasus upaya paksa Perubahan rezim sebelumnya. Secara teoritik, upaya paksa Perubahan rezim non-militer secara tertutup yang berkarakter ofensif memiliki probabilitas keberhasilan yang rendah sehingga pilihan Amerika Serikat di Suriah tersebut menarik untuk dibahas. Argumen utama tulisan ini adalah bahwa opsi intervensi non-militer tertutup dipilih karena pertimbangan biaya dan kalkulasi keberhasilan sedangkan intervensi itu sendiri dilakukan karena tekanan aliansi ideologis dan pertimbangan keuntungan stratejik.
{"title":"Intervensi Amerika Serikat dalam Perang Sipil Suriah, 2011– 2017","authors":"Andri Ramawan Adipura, Broto Wardoyo","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3011","url":null,"abstract":"Tulisan ini membahas intervensi Amerika Serikat dalam perang sipil Suriah tahun 2011-2017. Pada awal perang sipil, Amerika Serikat lebih memilih intervensi secara tertutup dalam mendorong Perubahan rezim di Suriah. Namun, di pertengan perang sipil Amerika Serikat mengubah intervensinya dengan menggunakan intrumen militer. Pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam tulisan ini adalah mengapa Amerika Serikat memilih opsi intervensi non-militer di awal-awal perang sipil dan tidak langsung melakukan intervensi militer seperti yang dilakukan dalam kasus-kasus upaya paksa Perubahan rezim sebelumnya. Secara teoritik, upaya paksa Perubahan rezim non-militer secara tertutup yang berkarakter ofensif memiliki probabilitas keberhasilan yang rendah sehingga pilihan Amerika Serikat di Suriah tersebut menarik untuk dibahas. Argumen utama tulisan ini adalah bahwa opsi intervensi non-militer tertutup dipilih karena pertimbangan biaya dan kalkulasi keberhasilan sedangkan intervensi itu sendiri dilakukan karena tekanan aliansi ideologis dan pertimbangan keuntungan stratejik.","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129178722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jepang memiliki sejarah yang Panjang dalam posisi geopolitik di Kawasan Asia Timur, baik dari sudut pandang ekonomi maupun keamanan. Berdasarkan aspek historis Jepang sudah menjadi kekuatan unggul di Asia Timur, namun pada perkembangan politik kontemporer saat ini posisi Jepang mendapatkan tantangan dari negara kompetitornya, termasuk Tiongkok. Perubahan okonstelasi politik luar negeri di Kawasan Asia Timur mendorong Jepang untuk lebih adaptif, termasuk menjajakikerjasama dengan organisasi regiona di Kawasan sekitarnya terasuk ASEAN. Platform kerjasama ASEAN+3 mewadahi Kerjasama ASEAN dengan beberapa negara strategis di Kawasan Asia Timur. Artikel ini berfokus untuk mendeskripsikan kepetingan nasional Jepang yang mendasari negara tersebut untuk bergabung dalam ASEAN+3, termasuk kemungkinan untuk meningkatkan posisi tawar geopolitik dari Tiongkok, sekaligus memperkuat pasar domestic yang mengalami stagnansi ekonom sejak krisis 1997. Perspektif Liberalisme Institusional digunakan untuk melihat motif bergabungnya Jepang dalam ASEAN+3
{"title":"Perspektif Liberalisme dalam Analisis Kepentingan Nasional Jepang pada ASEAN+3","authors":"Palup Anggraheni, Cakra Diaz Pratama, Mohammad Daffa Izulhaq, Gogo Mikhael Sitompul, Raditya Abdurrahman Nugraha","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3010","url":null,"abstract":"Jepang memiliki sejarah yang Panjang dalam posisi geopolitik di Kawasan Asia Timur, baik dari sudut pandang ekonomi maupun keamanan. Berdasarkan aspek historis Jepang sudah menjadi kekuatan unggul di Asia Timur, namun pada perkembangan politik kontemporer saat ini posisi Jepang mendapatkan tantangan dari negara kompetitornya, termasuk Tiongkok. Perubahan okonstelasi politik luar negeri di Kawasan Asia Timur mendorong Jepang untuk lebih adaptif, termasuk menjajakikerjasama dengan organisasi regiona di Kawasan sekitarnya terasuk ASEAN. Platform kerjasama ASEAN+3 mewadahi Kerjasama ASEAN dengan beberapa negara strategis di Kawasan Asia Timur. Artikel ini berfokus untuk mendeskripsikan kepetingan nasional Jepang yang mendasari negara tersebut untuk bergabung dalam ASEAN+3, termasuk kemungkinan untuk meningkatkan posisi tawar geopolitik dari Tiongkok, sekaligus memperkuat pasar domestic yang mengalami stagnansi ekonom sejak krisis 1997. Perspektif Liberalisme Institusional digunakan untuk melihat motif bergabungnya Jepang dalam ASEAN+3","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116728031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In international relation, a nation constantly needs help from other countries. A country that wants WR(cid:3)VXSSRUW(cid:3)RWKHU(cid:3)QDWLRQ(cid:3)PXVW(cid:3)KDYH(cid:3)D(cid:3)VWUHQJWK(cid:3)RI(cid:3)QDWLRQ¶V(cid:3)LQVWLWXWLRQ(cid:3)DQG enormous resources. This study recovers the conditions and the opportunities of Indonesia tourism. In order to develop Indonesia tourism sector, Indonesia has strategic partnership with France. An analysis of developing Indonesia tourism, the Indonesian government not only uses government-to-government relations, but also by evaluating non-government organisations, multi-track diplomacy by cooperating with private actors, and using public diplomacy to understand culture and behavior from each nation. Through this Joint Working Group on Tourism, hopefully this project will contribute to expand Indonesia particularly on tourism sector.
{"title":"Upaya kerjasama Indonesia-Prancis dalam Meningkatkan Pariwisata Indonesia Melalui Third Joint\u0000 Working Group on Tourism (JWG) tahun 2016-2018","authors":"Kendalita Sari","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3006","url":null,"abstract":"In international relation, a nation constantly needs help from other countries. A country that wants WR(cid:3)VXSSRUW(cid:3)RWKHU(cid:3)QDWLRQ(cid:3)PXVW(cid:3)KDYH(cid:3)D(cid:3)VWUHQJWK(cid:3)RI(cid:3)QDWLRQ¶V(cid:3)LQVWLWXWLRQ(cid:3)DQG enormous resources. This study recovers the conditions and the opportunities of Indonesia tourism. In order to develop Indonesia tourism sector, Indonesia has strategic partnership with France. An analysis of developing Indonesia tourism, the Indonesian government not only uses government-to-government relations, but also by evaluating non-government organisations, multi-track diplomacy by cooperating with private actors, and using public diplomacy to understand culture and behavior from each nation. Through this Joint Working Group on Tourism, hopefully this project will contribute to expand Indonesia particularly on tourism sector.","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123507575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2019, Ghana was projected as the fastest growing economy in the world. Since 2017, Ghana has been consistently placed among top 10 of the fastest growing economies in Africa. However, the arrival of COVID-19 pandemic since December 2019 from Wuhan, China, made 2020 as difficult SHULRG(cid:3) QRW(cid:3) RQO(cid:3) IRU(cid:3) *KDQD¶V(cid:3) HFRQRP(cid:15)(cid:3) EXW(cid:3) DOVR(cid:3) ZRUOGZLGH(cid:17)(cid:3) ,PSDFW(cid:3) WR(cid:3) JOREDO(cid:3) HFRQRP(cid:3) FDXVHG(cid:3) E(cid:3) COVID-19 was regarded as the largest economic shock since last decades. Since the arrival of the virus LQ(cid:3) *KDQD(cid:3) LQ(cid:3) 0DUFK(cid:3) (cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:15)(cid:3) *KDQD¶V(cid:3) JRYHUQPHQW(cid:3) KDV(cid:3) VZLIWO(cid:3) DQG(cid:3) UHVSRQVLYHO(cid:3) SUHSDUHG(cid:3) DQG(cid:3) implemented strategic moves in order to respond against COVID-19 as well as recovering the FRXQWU¶V(cid:3)HFRQRP(cid:17)(cid:3)7KH(cid:3)SXUSRVH(cid:3)RI(cid:3)WKLV(cid:3)SDSHU(cid:3)LV(cid:3)WR(cid:3)GHVFULEH(cid:3)LQ(cid:3)GHWDLO(cid:3)DERXW(cid:3)*KDQD¶V(cid:3)HFRQRPLF(cid:3)UHFRYHU(cid:3) in post covid-19 era. Theory used in this paper is the theory of self-reliance. The writer argues that the LPSRUWDQW(cid:3) NH(cid:3) LQ(cid:3) *KDQD¶V(cid:3) HFRQRPLF(cid:3) UHFRYHU(cid:3) SROLF(cid:3) LQ(cid:3) SRVW(cid:3) FRYLG(cid:3) HUD(cid:3) LV(cid:3) WKH(cid:3) 3UHVLGHQW(cid:3) RI(cid:3) *KDQD¶V(cid:3) principle that the country must be able to fulfil its own needs while minimizing international aid dependency. It is done by strengthening domestic capabilities and resources, as well as fulfilling basic human needs for its citizen.
{"title":"Self-Reliance sebagai Strategi Pembangunan Ekonomi Ghana pada Post Covid-19 Era","authors":"Muhammad Aditya Purnomo","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3007","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, Ghana was projected as the fastest growing economy in the world. Since 2017, Ghana has been consistently placed among top 10 of the fastest growing economies in Africa. However, the arrival of COVID-19 pandemic since December 2019 from Wuhan, China, made 2020 as difficult SHULRG(cid:3) QRW(cid:3) RQO(cid:3) IRU(cid:3) *KDQD¶V(cid:3) HFRQRP(cid:15)(cid:3) EXW(cid:3) DOVR(cid:3) ZRUOGZLGH(cid:17)(cid:3) ,PSDFW(cid:3) WR(cid:3) JOREDO(cid:3) HFRQRP(cid:3) FDXVHG(cid:3) E(cid:3) COVID-19 was regarded as the largest economic shock since last decades. Since the arrival of the virus LQ(cid:3) *KDQD(cid:3) LQ(cid:3) 0DUFK(cid:3) (cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:15)(cid:3) *KDQD¶V(cid:3) JRYHUQPHQW(cid:3) KDV(cid:3) VZLIWO(cid:3) DQG(cid:3) UHVSRQVLYHO(cid:3) SUHSDUHG(cid:3) DQG(cid:3) implemented strategic moves in order to respond against COVID-19 as well as recovering the FRXQWU¶V(cid:3)HFRQRP(cid:17)(cid:3)7KH(cid:3)SXUSRVH(cid:3)RI(cid:3)WKLV(cid:3)SDSHU(cid:3)LV(cid:3)WR(cid:3)GHVFULEH(cid:3)LQ(cid:3)GHWDLO(cid:3)DERXW(cid:3)*KDQD¶V(cid:3)HFRQRPLF(cid:3)UHFRYHU(cid:3) in post covid-19 era. Theory used in this paper is the theory of self-reliance. The writer argues that the LPSRUWDQW(cid:3) NH(cid:3) LQ(cid:3) *KDQD¶V(cid:3) HFRQRPLF(cid:3) UHFRYHU(cid:3) SROLF(cid:3) LQ(cid:3) SRVW(cid:3) FRYLG(cid:3) HUD(cid:3) LV(cid:3) WKH(cid:3) 3UHVLGHQW(cid:3) RI(cid:3) *KDQD¶V(cid:3) principle that the country must be able to fulfil its own needs while minimizing international aid dependency. It is done by strengthening domestic capabilities and resources, as well as fulfilling basic human needs for its citizen.","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128521569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faradilla Adriani, Hawa Ridhani W.S, Hendrina Nur A.R
In the Timika area, Papua, Indonesia has a Freeport mine which is one of the largest mines in the world. Freeport is managed by PT Freeport Indonesia, a mineral mining company which is an affiliate of Freeport-McMoRan and Mining Industry Indonesia (MIND ID). This mining company, which became the beginning of foreign investment in Indonesia, at the end of 2019, a 51.23% stake has officially become the owner of the Indonesian government. The acquisition of these shares is expected to be a new beginning for Indonesia to regain the 'rights' that should have been obtained long ago. In the acquisition of shares of 51%, observers have seen indications of losses in the success, so the authors are interested in examining how much the comparison of the profits obtained with the threat of future losses is. In this research method, the author uses a descriptive research method by analyzing the profit and loss of the acquisition of Freeport shares. The conclusion of the analysis states that Indonesia gains greater benefits from the threat of losses obtained after the acquisition of shares.
{"title":"Geoekonomi Papua: Analisis Untung Rugi Akuisisi Saham Freeport","authors":"Faradilla Adriani, Hawa Ridhani W.S, Hendrina Nur A.R","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3009","url":null,"abstract":"In the Timika area, Papua, Indonesia has a Freeport mine which is one of the largest mines in the world. Freeport is managed by PT Freeport Indonesia, a mineral mining company which is an affiliate of Freeport-McMoRan and Mining Industry Indonesia (MIND ID). This mining company, which became the beginning of foreign investment in Indonesia, at the end of 2019, a 51.23% stake has officially become the owner of the Indonesian government. The acquisition of these shares is expected to be a new beginning for Indonesia to regain the 'rights' that should have been obtained long ago. In the acquisition of shares of 51%, observers have seen indications of losses in the success, so the authors are interested in examining how much the comparison of the profits obtained with the threat of future losses is. In this research method, the author uses a descriptive research method by analyzing the profit and loss of the acquisition of Freeport shares. The conclusion of the analysis states that Indonesia gains greater benefits from the threat of losses obtained after the acquisition of shares.","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"511 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131552588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acts of terrorism in the international world today have a close relationship with cyberspace. This is certainly a threat to state sovereignty, as happened in the United States in August 2020. The arrests of three terrorist groups involving the armed groups Al-Qassam, Al-Qaeda, and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria due to campaign actions and fundraising to support the action. their terror. All of these actions relied on sophisticated cyber instruments and from their actions, these terrorist groups managed to collect millions of US dollars, using around 300 cryptocurrency accounts, 3 websites, and 4 Facebook accounts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the actions of cyber-terrorism in the United States from a global security perspective. The results of the study indicate that this act of terrorism enters into a security dilemma, which means that all efforts are made to achieve its security and will trigger feelings of insecurity for other countries.
{"title":"Aksi Cyber-Terrorism di Amerika Serikat dalam Perspektif Keamanan Global","authors":"Halida Azalea Iffa Dina","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3005","url":null,"abstract":"Acts of terrorism in the international world today have a close relationship with cyberspace. This is certainly a threat to state sovereignty, as happened in the United States in August 2020. The arrests of three terrorist groups involving the armed groups Al-Qassam, Al-Qaeda, and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria due to campaign actions and fundraising to support the action. their terror. All of these actions relied on sophisticated cyber instruments and from their actions, these terrorist groups managed to collect millions of US dollars, using around 300 cryptocurrency accounts, 3 websites, and 4 Facebook accounts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the actions of cyber-terrorism in the United States from a global security perspective. The results of the study indicate that this act of terrorism enters into a security dilemma, which means that all efforts are made to achieve its security and will trigger feelings of insecurity for other countries.","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116358495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2007, ASEAN member states decided to accelerate the process of regional economic integration by advancing the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community (EAC) from 2020 to 2015. Statistics from the ASEAN Secretariat in 2019 showed that intra-ASEAN trade in the 2015 AEC period did not increase consistently and tended to stagnate at 20-24 percent. Meanwhile in 2020, it is expected that intra-ASEAN trade can grow by up to 30 percent. This article aims to analyze why there is a phenomenon of inconsistency in the increase in intra-ASEAN trade during the 2015 AEC period taking into account domestic politics and economic interdependence of ASEAN countries. The methods used in this writing are qualitative methods that are analyzed descriptively. Data collection techniques are carried out through library studies, namely the acquisition of data from various sources both books, official news, articles, and other relevant documents. This study shows the results that ASEAN economic integration in addition to being influenced by domestic factors, is also influenced by the economic interdependence of ASEAN countries.
{"title":"Implementasi Perdagangan Intra-ASEAN: Menuju Integrasi Ekonomi Kawasan Pasca-MEA 2015","authors":"Najihah Manggabarani","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v9i2.3004","url":null,"abstract":"In 2007, ASEAN member states decided to accelerate the process of regional economic integration by advancing the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community (EAC) from 2020 to 2015. Statistics from the ASEAN Secretariat in 2019 showed that intra-ASEAN trade in the 2015 AEC period did not increase consistently and tended to stagnate at 20-24 percent. Meanwhile in 2020, it is expected that intra-ASEAN trade can grow by up to 30 percent. This article aims to analyze why there is a phenomenon of inconsistency in the increase in intra-ASEAN trade during the 2015 AEC period taking into account domestic politics and economic interdependence of ASEAN countries. The methods used in this writing are qualitative methods that are analyzed descriptively. Data collection techniques are carried out through library studies, namely the acquisition of data from various sources both books, official news, articles, and other relevant documents. This study shows the results that ASEAN economic integration in addition to being influenced by domestic factors, is also influenced by the economic interdependence of ASEAN countries.","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114900829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 is a pandemic that has rapidly spread through the world. This COVID-19 pandemic has crippled the world economy, especially to refugees. Refugees are one of the biggest human problems that happened in the world. Refugees are people fleeing conflict or persecution. Refugees from South Sudan are the largest refugee population in Ethiopia. This refugee problem is a problem that must be addressed immediately because it can be threatening and disrupt people's lives, both refugees and the local community. For this reason, in dealing with South Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia, which is increasing day by day, assistance from international actors requested to assist in dealing with refugee problems, one of which is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). UNHCR, to fulfill its role as an Aid Provider, tries to fulfill its role in accordance with the capabilities and functions of UNHCR itself as an international organization in accordance with the mandate from the United Nations to UNHCR to assist refugees by providing Foreign Aid and Capacity Building. Foreign Aid in the form of Humanitarian Assistance provided in various forms such as giving shelters, food, clean water, health, education, and various other forms of assistance. In assisting to refugees, UNHCR also provides assistance such as protection, shelter, WASH, education, health, food, and nutrition, livelihood and environment as assistance provided to South Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia. Keywords : Refugees, COVID-19, UNHCR, Aid Provider, Humanitarian Assistance, Capacity Building, South Sudan, Ethiopia. COVID-19 adalah pandemi yang telah menyebar dengan cepat ke seluruh dunia. Pandemi COVID-19 ini telah melumpuhkan perekonomian dunia, khususnya para pengungsi. Pengungsi merupakan salah satu masalah kemanusiaan terbesar yang terjadi di dunia. Pengungsi adalah orang yang melarikan diri dari konflik atau penganiayaan. Pengungsi dari Sudan Selatan adalah populasi pengungsi terbesar di Ethiopia. Masalah pengungsi ini merupakan masalah yang harus segera diatasi karena dapat mengancam dan mengganggu kehidupan masyarakat, baik pengungsi maupun masyarakat setempat. Untuk itu, dalam menangani pengungsi Sudan Selatan di Ethiopia yang semakin hari semakin meningkat, bantuan dari aktor internasional diminta untuk membantu menangani masalah pengungsi, salah satunya adalah United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). UNHCR dalam memenuhi perannya sebagai Aid Provider berusaha memenuhi perannya sesuai dengan kemampuan dan fungsi UNHCR sendiri sebagai organisasi internasional sesuai dengan mandat dari PBB kepada UNHCR untuk membantu pengungsi dengan memberikan bantuan luar negeri dan peningkatan kapasitas. Bantuan luar negeri yang berupa bantuan kemanusiaan yang diberikan dalam berbagai bentuk seperti pemberian tempat tinggal, pangan, air bersih, kesehatan, pendidikan, dan berbagai bentuk bantuan lainnya. Dalam membantu pengungsi, UNHCR juga memberikan bantuan seperti perlindunga
2019冠状病毒病是一场在全球迅速蔓延的大流行病。2019冠状病毒病大流行削弱了世界经济，特别是对难民而言。难民是世界上最大的人类问题之一。难民是逃离冲突或迫害的人。南苏丹难民是埃塞俄比亚最大的难民群体。这个难民问题是一个必须立即解决的问题，因为它可能威胁和扰乱人们的生活，包括难民和当地社区。因此，在处理埃塞俄比亚境内日益增多的南苏丹难民问题时，要求国际行动者提供援助，协助处理难民问题，其中之一就是联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民署)。联合国难民事务高级专员办事处为了履行其作为援助提供者的作用，努力按照联合国赋予其的通过提供外援和能力建设来协助难民的任务，按照其本身作为一个国际组织的能力和职能来履行其作用。以各种形式提供的人道主义援助，例如提供住所、食品、清洁水、保健、教育和各种其他形式的援助。在援助难民方面，难民署还提供保护、住所、讲卫生、教育、保健、粮食和营养、生计和环境等援助，作为向埃塞俄比亚境内的南苏丹难民提供的援助。关键词:难民、COVID-19、联合国难民署、援助提供者、人道主义援助、能力建设、南苏丹、埃塞俄比亚2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)新冠肺炎大流行在中国的传播速度快于在中国的传播速度。2019冠状病毒病大流行(2019冠状病毒病大流行)杨Pengungsi merupakan salah研究masalah kemanusiaan terbesar terjadi di杜尼娅。彭阳:彭阳，我是杨阳，我是彭阳，我是彭阳。Pengungsi dari Sudan Selatan adalah populasi Pengungsi terbesar di Ethiopia。Masalah pengungsi ini merupakan Masalah yang harus segera diatasi karena dapat mengancam dan mengganggu kehidupan masyarakat, baik pengungsi maupun masyarakat setempat。联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民专员办事处)，联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民专员办事处)。联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)援助提供者(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)(联合国难民事务高级专员办事处)Bantuan luar negeri yang berupa Bantuan kemanusiaan yang diberikan dalam berbagai bentuk perperti pemberian tempat tinggal, pangan, air bersih, kesehatan, pendidikan, dan berbagai bentuk Bantuan lainnya。联合国难民事务高级专员办事处，联合国难民事务高级专员办事处，联合国儿童基金会，联合国儿童基金会，联合国儿童基金会，联合国儿童基金会，联合国儿童基金会，联合国儿童基金会，联合国儿童基金会，联合国儿童基金会，联合国儿童基金会，联合国儿童基金会，联合国儿童基金会，联合国儿童基金会。Kata kunci: Pengungsi, COVID-19，联合国难民署，援助提供者，bantuan kemanusiaan, peningkatan kapasitas，苏丹Selatan，埃塞俄比亚。
{"title":"PERAN UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR) DALAM MENANGANI PENGUNGSI SUDAN\u0000 SELATAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI ETHIOPIA PADA TAHUN 2019 – 2020","authors":"Zalita Rahmatika, Renitha Dwi Hapsari","doi":"10.33005/JGP.V9I1.2667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/JGP.V9I1.2667","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a pandemic that has rapidly spread through the world. This COVID-19 pandemic has crippled the world economy, especially to refugees. Refugees are one of the biggest human problems that happened in the world. Refugees are people fleeing conflict or persecution. Refugees from South Sudan are the largest refugee population in Ethiopia. This refugee problem is a problem that must be addressed immediately because it can be threatening and disrupt people's lives, both refugees and the local community. For this reason, in dealing with South Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia, which is increasing day by day, assistance from international actors requested to assist in dealing with refugee problems, one of which is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). UNHCR, to fulfill its role as an Aid Provider, tries to fulfill its role in accordance with the capabilities and functions of UNHCR itself as an international organization in accordance with the mandate from the United Nations to UNHCR to assist refugees by providing Foreign Aid and Capacity Building. Foreign Aid in the form of Humanitarian Assistance provided in various forms such as giving shelters, food, clean water, health, education, and various other forms of assistance. In assisting to refugees, UNHCR also provides assistance such as protection, shelter, WASH, education, health, food, and nutrition, livelihood and environment as assistance provided to South Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia. Keywords : Refugees, COVID-19, UNHCR, Aid Provider, Humanitarian Assistance, Capacity Building, South Sudan, Ethiopia. COVID-19 adalah pandemi yang telah menyebar dengan cepat ke seluruh dunia. Pandemi COVID-19 ini telah melumpuhkan perekonomian dunia, khususnya para pengungsi. Pengungsi merupakan salah satu masalah kemanusiaan terbesar yang terjadi di dunia. Pengungsi adalah orang yang melarikan diri dari konflik atau penganiayaan. Pengungsi dari Sudan Selatan adalah populasi pengungsi terbesar di Ethiopia. Masalah pengungsi ini merupakan masalah yang harus segera diatasi karena dapat mengancam dan mengganggu kehidupan masyarakat, baik pengungsi maupun masyarakat setempat. Untuk itu, dalam menangani pengungsi Sudan Selatan di Ethiopia yang semakin hari semakin meningkat, bantuan dari aktor internasional diminta untuk membantu menangani masalah pengungsi, salah satunya adalah United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). UNHCR dalam memenuhi perannya sebagai Aid Provider berusaha memenuhi perannya sesuai dengan kemampuan dan fungsi UNHCR sendiri sebagai organisasi internasional sesuai dengan mandat dari PBB kepada UNHCR untuk membantu pengungsi dengan memberikan bantuan luar negeri dan peningkatan kapasitas. Bantuan luar negeri yang berupa bantuan kemanusiaan yang diberikan dalam berbagai bentuk seperti pemberian tempat tinggal, pangan, air bersih, kesehatan, pendidikan, dan berbagai bentuk bantuan lainnya. Dalam membantu pengungsi, UNHCR juga memberikan bantuan seperti perlindunga","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123897257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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