W. K. F. Ahzani, Maulana Wahyu Prakasa, Newfreedo Chidlir
ABSTRACT Diplomacy is how to gain political or economic cooperation with other actors of international relations for any national interest purpose. In the modern era, diplomacy has their own form for specific matter and context of bilateral relations. Today's bilateral relations are cannot be defined to be just by state relationship with, but local government can become an actor by itself without the state. Paradiplomacy became a solution for inter-local cooperation after cold war era, and the evolution of paradiplomacy make the scope became wider in several sectors. It is just because the scope of this type of diplomacy is focussed on sub-state level and gives freedom to sub-states to determine their regional policies more freely. Paradiplomacy concept more specifically can be refers to sister-city, which means to become a powerful tool for capacity building, learning, economic, and social development in developing countries. Surabaya (Indonesian) and Busan (South Korea) are the example of paradiplomacy between developing state and developed state with local-regional focus. Tourism is one of the other sectors of cooperation between those states and have a spillover effect over culture exchange and also in society sector. Keywords: paradiplomacy, sister-city, sub-state, tourism, spillover effect Diplomasi merupakan cara bagaimana menjalin kerjasama politik dan ekonomi dengan aktor internasional lainnya untuk mencapai segala kepentingan nasional. Di era modern, diplomasi memiliki bentuk tersendiri untuk masalah yang lebih spesifik dan konteks hubungan bilateral. Di era sekarang diplomasi tidak dapat diartikan sebagai hubungan antar negara saja, melainkan pemerintahan lokal dapat menjadi aktor tersendiri tanpa negara. Paradiplomasi menjadi solusi bagi kerjasama antar pemerintah lokal setelah perang dingin, dan evolusi dari paradiplomasi membuat lingkup pembahasan menjadi lebih luas dalam beberapa sektor. Hal tersebut dikarenakan lingkup pembahasan dari diplomasi ini berfokus pada tingkat sub-negara dan memberikan kebebasan bagi sub-negara untuk menentukan kebijakan wilayah lebih bebas. Konsep paradiplomasi secara spesifik dapat merujuk ke sister-city yang berarti dapat menjadi alat pembangunan kapasitas, pembelajaran, ekonomi, dan pembangunan sosial di negara berkembang. Surabaya (Indonesia) dan Busan (Korea Selatan) merupakan contoh paradiplomasi antara negara berkembang dan negara maju dengan fokus wilayah-lokal. Pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor kerjasama antara kedua negara tersebut dan memiliki efek spillover atas pertukaran budaya dan juga pada bidang lainnya. Kata Kunci: paradiplomasi, sister-city, sub-nasional, efek spillover DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v8i03.2391
{"title":"Paradiplomasi Surabaya-Busan di Sektor Pariwisata Tahun 2010-2019","authors":"W. K. F. Ahzani, Maulana Wahyu Prakasa, Newfreedo Chidlir","doi":"10.33005/JGP.V8I03.2391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/JGP.V8I03.2391","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Diplomacy is how to gain political or economic cooperation with other actors of international relations for any national interest purpose. In the modern era, diplomacy has their own form for specific matter and context of bilateral relations. Today's bilateral relations are cannot be defined to be just by state relationship with, but local government can become an actor by itself without the state. Paradiplomacy became a solution for inter-local cooperation after cold war era, and the evolution of paradiplomacy make the scope became wider in several sectors. It is just because the scope of this type of diplomacy is focussed on sub-state level and gives freedom to sub-states to determine their regional policies more freely. Paradiplomacy concept more specifically can be refers to sister-city, which means to become a powerful tool for capacity building, learning, economic, and social development in developing countries. Surabaya (Indonesian) and Busan (South Korea) are the example of paradiplomacy between developing state and developed state with local-regional focus. Tourism is one of the other sectors of cooperation between those states and have a spillover effect over culture exchange and also in society sector. Keywords: paradiplomacy, sister-city, sub-state, tourism, spillover effect Diplomasi merupakan cara bagaimana menjalin kerjasama politik dan ekonomi dengan aktor internasional lainnya untuk mencapai segala kepentingan nasional. Di era modern, diplomasi memiliki bentuk tersendiri untuk masalah yang lebih spesifik dan konteks hubungan bilateral. Di era sekarang diplomasi tidak dapat diartikan sebagai hubungan antar negara saja, melainkan pemerintahan lokal dapat menjadi aktor tersendiri tanpa negara. Paradiplomasi menjadi solusi bagi kerjasama antar pemerintah lokal setelah perang dingin, dan evolusi dari paradiplomasi membuat lingkup pembahasan menjadi lebih luas dalam beberapa sektor. Hal tersebut dikarenakan lingkup pembahasan dari diplomasi ini berfokus pada tingkat sub-negara dan memberikan kebebasan bagi sub-negara untuk menentukan kebijakan wilayah lebih bebas. Konsep paradiplomasi secara spesifik dapat merujuk ke sister-city yang berarti dapat menjadi alat pembangunan kapasitas, pembelajaran, ekonomi, dan pembangunan sosial di negara berkembang. Surabaya (Indonesia) dan Busan (Korea Selatan) merupakan contoh paradiplomasi antara negara berkembang dan negara maju dengan fokus wilayah-lokal. Pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor kerjasama antara kedua negara tersebut dan memiliki efek spillover atas pertukaran budaya dan juga pada bidang lainnya. Kata Kunci: paradiplomasi, sister-city, sub-nasional, efek spillover DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v8i03.2391","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121095161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Indonesia as a maritime country in the Southeast Asian region is faced with a case of piracy in the South China Sea that has a serious impact. Piracy interferes with incoming trade access and threatens the safety and security of both citizens and passing merchant ships. Increasingly, piracy carries out kidnapping, smuggling and murder activities, involving countries and the international community. Even though Indonesia is a non-climant state, it still needs a role in suppressing transnational crime activities based on Indonesia's responsibility to create peace in accordance with the mandate of the constitution. The focus of this paper is to examine piracy in the South China Sea which has an effect on maritime security and trade routes. This study uses descriptive methods to explain the efforts of the Indonesian government in overcoming these problems. With strict government regulation and TNI involvement in investigating maritime piracy cases in Indonesia, this will certainly be an effective way. Keywords: Marine piracy, Indonesian law, Indonesia's role, preventive Indonesia sebagai negara maritim di wilayah Asia Tenggara dihadapkan dengan adanya kasus pembajakan di Laut China Selatan yang membawa dampak serius. Pembajakan mengganggu akses perdagangan yang masuk serta mengancam keselamatan dan keamanan, baik warga maupun kapal dagang yang melintas. Semakin meluas, pembajakan mengusung kegiatan penculikan, penyelundupan, dan pembunuhan, melibatkan negara-negara dan komunitas internasional. Meskipun Indonesia adalah non-climant state, tetap diperlukan adanya peran dalam menekan aktivitas kejahatan transnasional yang didasarkan pada tanggung jawab Indonesia untuk menciptakan perdamaian sesuai amanat konstitusi. Fokus penulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji pembajakan di laut cina selatan yang berpengaruh terhadap keamanan maritime dan jalur perdagangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif untuk menjelaskan upaya pemerintah Indonesia dalam mengatasi pemasalahan tersebut berdasar peraturan yang berlaku. Dengan adanya regulasi dari pemerintah yang tegas dan keterlibatan TNI dalam penyelidikan kasus pembajakan laut di Indonesia, tentu hal ini akan menjadi cara yang efektif. Kata-Kata Kunci: Pembajakan laut, Hukum Indonesia, Peran Indonesia, Preventif DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v8i03.2395
印尼作为东南亚地区的海洋国家，正面临着南海海盗事件的严重影响。海盗行为干扰进入的贸易通道，威胁到公民和过往商船的安全。海盗越来越多地从事绑架、走私和谋杀活动，涉及国家和国际社会。尽管印尼是一个非受援国，但它仍然需要在打击跨国犯罪活动方面发挥作用，因为印尼有责任根据宪法的授权创造和平。本文的重点是考察南海海盗对海上安全和贸易航线的影响。本研究使用描述性的方法来解释印尼政府在克服这些问题的努力。印尼政府有严格的监管规定，印尼海事研究所也参与调查海盗案件，这肯定是一种有效的方式。关键词:海盗，印度尼西亚法律，印度尼西亚的角色，预防印度尼西亚sebagai negara maritim di wilayah Asia, Tenggara dihadapkan dengan adanya kasus pembajakan di Laut China, Selatan yang, membawa dampak serius。Pembajakan mengganggu akses perdagangan yang masuk serta mengancam keselamatan dan keamanan, baik warga maupun kapal dagang yang melintas。Semakin meluas, pembajakan mengusung kegiatan penculikan, penyelundupan, dan pembunuhan, melibatkan negara-negara dan komunitas international。Meskipun印度尼西亚adalah非附属国，tetap diperlukan adanya peran dalam menenkan aktivitas kejahatan transnasional(跨国家)yang didasarkan pada tanggung jawab印度尼西亚untuk menciptakan perdamaian sesuai amanat konstitusi。中国对朝鲜半岛的关注，包括对中国大陆的关注，以及对中国大陆的关注。Penelitian ini mongunakan方法hukum normnormate untuk menjelaskan upaya permerintah印度尼西亚dalam mengatasi pemasalahan tersebut berdasar peraturan yang berlaku。denan adanya regulasi dari pemerintah yang tegas dan keterlibatan TNI dalam penyelidikan kasus pembajakan laut di Indonesia, tentu hal ini akan menjadi cara yang efektif。Kata-Kata Kunci: Pembajakan laut, Hukum Indonesia, Peran Indonesia, prevention DOI: https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v8i03.2395
{"title":"Upaya Pemerintah Indonesia Mengatasi Kasus Pembajakan di Laut Cina Selatan Tahun 2013","authors":"Bagas Arif Dharmawan","doi":"10.33005/JGP.V8I03.2395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/JGP.V8I03.2395","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Indonesia as a maritime country in the Southeast Asian region is faced with a case of piracy in the South China Sea that has a serious impact. Piracy interferes with incoming trade access and threatens the safety and security of both citizens and passing merchant ships. Increasingly, piracy carries out kidnapping, smuggling and murder activities, involving countries and the international community. Even though Indonesia is a non-climant state, it still needs a role in suppressing transnational crime activities based on Indonesia's responsibility to create peace in accordance with the mandate of the constitution. The focus of this paper is to examine piracy in the South China Sea which has an effect on maritime security and trade routes. This study uses descriptive methods to explain the efforts of the Indonesian government in overcoming these problems. With strict government regulation and TNI involvement in investigating maritime piracy cases in Indonesia, this will certainly be an effective way. Keywords: Marine piracy, Indonesian law, Indonesia's role, preventive Indonesia sebagai negara maritim di wilayah Asia Tenggara dihadapkan dengan adanya kasus pembajakan di Laut China Selatan yang membawa dampak serius. Pembajakan mengganggu akses perdagangan yang masuk serta mengancam keselamatan dan keamanan, baik warga maupun kapal dagang yang melintas. Semakin meluas, pembajakan mengusung kegiatan penculikan, penyelundupan, dan pembunuhan, melibatkan negara-negara dan komunitas internasional. Meskipun Indonesia adalah non-climant state, tetap diperlukan adanya peran dalam menekan aktivitas kejahatan transnasional yang didasarkan pada tanggung jawab Indonesia untuk menciptakan perdamaian sesuai amanat konstitusi. Fokus penulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji pembajakan di laut cina selatan yang berpengaruh terhadap keamanan maritime dan jalur perdagangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif untuk menjelaskan upaya pemerintah Indonesia dalam mengatasi pemasalahan tersebut berdasar peraturan yang berlaku. Dengan adanya regulasi dari pemerintah yang tegas dan keterlibatan TNI dalam penyelidikan kasus pembajakan laut di Indonesia, tentu hal ini akan menjadi cara yang efektif. Kata-Kata Kunci: Pembajakan laut, Hukum Indonesia, Peran Indonesia, Preventif DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v8i03.2395","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131594446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In attempt of hospital development, hospital X focus on current performance measurement only on marketing performance in terms of sales volume and sales revenue for maximizing profits. Performance evaluation of public relations activities at hospital X so far have not had the performance measurement. As the result; the contribution of public relations, in order to support the activities of the organization, are not measurable. This study aims to measure the performance of PR management by designing key performance indicators by conducting a process of identifying stakeholder necessity exists in hospital X. The identification of stakeholder necessity exist in hospital ;(cid:3)ZLOO(cid:3)WKHQ(cid:3)EHFRPH(cid:3)WKH(cid:3)EDVLV(cid:3)RI(cid:3)GHVLJQLQJ(cid:3)35¶V(cid:3).3,(cid:17)(cid:3)7KH(cid:3) stakeholder in this study are director, head of marketing, staff as internal stakeholder and customer, supplier and regulator as external stakeholder. The results of this study is the assessment of PR performance which include work result assesment formulated six responsibilities namely, customer satisfaction, customer complaints, fostering community, events, social media content and website traffic. While the work behavior assesment with the indicators of competence namely communicative, flexibility, discipline, teamwork, customer service.
{"title":"Public Relations Management Performance Measurement: Designing Key Performance Indicator Case\u0000 Study In Hospital X","authors":"Maria Diah Palupi","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v7i02.1833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i02.1833","url":null,"abstract":"In attempt of hospital development, hospital X focus on current performance measurement only on marketing performance in terms of sales volume and sales revenue for maximizing profits. Performance evaluation of public relations activities at hospital X so far have not had the performance measurement. As the result; the contribution of public relations, in order to support the activities of the organization, are not measurable. This study aims to measure the performance of PR management by designing key performance indicators by conducting a process of identifying stakeholder necessity exists in hospital X. The identification of stakeholder necessity exist in hospital ;(cid:3)ZLOO(cid:3)WKHQ(cid:3)EHFRPH(cid:3)WKH(cid:3)EDVLV(cid:3)RI(cid:3)GHVLJQLQJ(cid:3)35¶V(cid:3).3,(cid:17)(cid:3)7KH(cid:3) stakeholder in this study are director, head of marketing, staff as internal stakeholder and customer, supplier and regulator as external stakeholder. The results of this study is the assessment of PR performance which include work result assesment formulated six responsibilities namely, customer satisfaction, customer complaints, fostering community, events, social media content and website traffic. While the work behavior assesment with the indicators of competence namely communicative, flexibility, discipline, teamwork, customer service.","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122386419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indonesia's potential as the top five coffee producers and exporters in the world will create opportunities in order to meet the high demand of US coffee consumption. However, competition for the world coffee export commodity market in the United States is very competitive. Indonesia launched a foreign policy on coffee diplomacy that involved a variety of stakeholders to increase Indonesia's coffee exports to the United States and give branding to Indonesian specialty coffee. The author aims to show the success of coffee diplomacy in the United States-Indonesia coffee commodity export cooperation seen by the increase in exports from year to year. The author uses descriptive-analytical methods to provide an overview of Indonesian coffee exports to the United States. Therefore, it easier for readers to obtain information about coffee diplomacy analysis which is motivated by several determinants of Indonesian foreign policy and national interests contained in legal instruments. Analysis of the coffee diplomacy policy also involves historical, cultural and political aspects to explain the flow of foreign policy formulation from domestic factors.
{"title":"Diplomasi Kopi: Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia dalam Meningkatkan Kerjasama Ekspor Komoditas\u0000 Kopi ke Amerika Serikat","authors":"Rara Shertina","doi":"10.33005/JGP.V7I02.1830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/JGP.V7I02.1830","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia's potential as the top five coffee producers and exporters in the world will create opportunities in order to meet the high demand of US coffee consumption. However, competition for the world coffee export commodity market in the United States is very competitive. Indonesia launched a foreign policy on coffee diplomacy that involved a variety of stakeholders to increase Indonesia's coffee exports to the United States and give branding to Indonesian specialty coffee. The author aims to show the success of coffee diplomacy in the United States-Indonesia coffee commodity export cooperation seen by the increase in exports from year to year. The author uses descriptive-analytical methods to provide an overview of Indonesian coffee exports to the United States. Therefore, it easier for readers to obtain information about coffee diplomacy analysis which is motivated by several determinants of Indonesian foreign policy and national interests contained in legal instruments. Analysis of the coffee diplomacy policy also involves historical, cultural and political aspects to explain the flow of foreign policy formulation from domestic factors.","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121522650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic development is gradually shifting from a resource-based economy to investment-based economy to knowledge-based economy. Knowledge-bases economy is an economic process which concerns the creation, acquisition, dissemination and utilization of knowledge to achieve productivity. In utilizing knowledge, the economy would be more dependent towards information and technology. This paper is trying to see how knowledge-based economy is implemented in Indonesia by analyzing four pillars of education, innovation, information infrastructure and economic and institutional regime. The analysis of these four pillars can be put into SWOT assessment, FRPELQHG(cid:3) ZLWK(cid:3) WKH(cid:3) DVVHVVPHQW(cid:3) RI(cid:3) 7DLZDQ¶V(cid:3) NQRZOHGJH -based economy is used to see lessons that can be learned from Taiwan and opportunities that can further help Indonesia to achieve economic prosperity and equality. Taiwan as the first economy in Asia to have been successfully implementing the knowledge-based economy is the ideal role model for knowledge-based economy implementation.
{"title":"The Prospect of Indonesian Knowledge-Based Economy: Lessons from Taiwan","authors":"Mia Aryani","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v7i02.1835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i02.1835","url":null,"abstract":"Economic development is gradually shifting from a resource-based economy to investment-based economy to knowledge-based economy. Knowledge-bases economy is an economic process which concerns the creation, acquisition, dissemination and utilization of knowledge to achieve productivity. In utilizing knowledge, the economy would be more dependent towards information and technology. This paper is trying to see how knowledge-based economy is implemented in Indonesia by analyzing four pillars of education, innovation, information infrastructure and economic and institutional regime. The analysis of these four pillars can be put into SWOT assessment, FRPELQHG(cid:3) ZLWK(cid:3) WKH(cid:3) DVVHVVPHQW(cid:3) RI(cid:3) 7DLZDQ¶V(cid:3) NQRZOHGJH -based economy is used to see lessons that can be learned from Taiwan and opportunities that can further help Indonesia to achieve economic prosperity and equality. Taiwan as the first economy in Asia to have been successfully implementing the knowledge-based economy is the ideal role model for knowledge-based economy implementation.","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129206629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the concept of state-building as an imperative need in this globalizing world amidst the existence of fragile states around the world. It begins with a simple question regarding the challenges of state-building in fragile states and what measures can be done to minimalizethe probable negatives. Using secondary source analysis and twocase studiesof state-building in Afghanistan, Somaliland, and Aceh, this research finds that there are exclusively two overarching challenges to statebuilding. First, there has been a challenge of coordination among different actors, as well as with the respective population in the relevant states; the second is the challenge of creating an effective exit strategy, such as maintaining stability and avoiding aid-dependency after the state-building mission has been finished.
{"title":"Coordination Problems and Aid-Dependency as Challenges of State-Building in the Fragile\u0000 States","authors":"A. Utomo","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v7i01.1813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i01.1813","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the concept of state-building as an imperative need in this globalizing world amidst the existence of fragile states around the world. It begins with a simple question regarding the challenges of state-building in fragile states and what measures can be done to minimalizethe probable negatives. Using secondary source analysis and twocase studiesof state-building in Afghanistan, Somaliland, and Aceh, this research finds that there are exclusively two overarching challenges to statebuilding. First, there has been a challenge of coordination among different actors, as well as with the respective population in the relevant states; the second is the challenge of creating an effective exit strategy, such as maintaining stability and avoiding aid-dependency after the state-building mission has been finished.","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121935468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyzed the energy security strategies of China through increasing energy supply security in Africa from 2000-2010. It used qualitative methods by taking data through library studies. This study found that China uses investments (joint ventures and acquisitions) and infrastructure assistance as a strategy to achieve its energy security in Africa. During 2000-2010, China's energy production and consumption needed an imbalance that made China have to secure energy so that it could still be accessed with normal wheels. In implementing a strategy to achieve energy security, China is driven by a factor of a competitive advantage which must also be successful. China encourages its national oil companies to conduct energy exploration in Africa through investments (joint ventures and procurement) as well as providing infrastructure development assistance to countries with the largest oil reserves in Africa. Keywords: Energy Security, Comparative Advantage, Foreign Aid, FDI DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i01.1812
{"title":"STRATEGI CHINA DALAM MENGAMANKAN SUPLAI ENERGI DI KAWASAN AFRIKA TAHUN 2000-2010","authors":"Ajeng Puspita Ayu","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v7i01.1812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i01.1812","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the energy security strategies of China through increasing energy supply security in Africa from 2000-2010. It used qualitative methods by taking data through library studies. This study found that China uses investments (joint ventures and acquisitions) and infrastructure assistance as a strategy to achieve its energy security in Africa. During 2000-2010, China's energy production and consumption needed an imbalance that made China have to secure energy so that it could still be accessed with normal wheels. In implementing a strategy to achieve energy security, China is driven by a factor of a competitive advantage which must also be successful. China encourages its national oil companies to conduct energy exploration in Africa through investments (joint ventures and procurement) as well as providing infrastructure development assistance to countries with the largest oil reserves in Africa. Keywords: Energy Security, Comparative Advantage, Foreign Aid, FDI DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i01.1812","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133621544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of Globalization has produced dynamics in global issues. The emergence of poverty issues experienced by developing countries is due to economic globalization. Social inequalities experienced by third world countries, triggered because not all individuals are able to meet the needs of living standards. The emergence of globalization and economic liberalization provides the initial doctrine that will help economic integration between actors in international relations. The existence of liberalization and supported by globalization can not be separated about the existence of the doctrine of modernity. This will indirectly cause inequality and poverty. Explanation of the World System Theory provides an overview of the conditions experienced by the countries of the third world. This theory explains the existence of perceptions regarding the hemisphere north and south. Poverty and inequality experienced by third world countries due to exploitative actions from the core countries which are indirectly facilitated by globalization. In line with the development of globalization, in the process of introducing a marginalized group namely the fringe community, in this discussion discusses the band and connoisseurs of Punk music that has been getting negative stigma from the public. In various countries, especially starting in the 70s to the present, punk activists have had negative impacts such as violence and racism for the environment and society. al. Those who are in the social order by conveying messages through their work on the issue of poverty, inequality and also injustice in the social and global environment, although this has positive impacts, it can be a form of the wrong effort because of the violence they have committed. The shape of the emergence of their existence is certainly with the help of globalization. The form of resistance from punk activists to regimes in a country also has an impact on social movements that will change the social order in society. Given that the role of the state in the era of globalization is basically too small to solve big problems and too big to take care of small things.
{"title":"Kemiskinan, Ketidakadilan dan Pegiat Punk Sebagai Fringe Community di Era Globalisasi","authors":"Muhammad Anang Firdaus","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v7i02.1828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i02.1828","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of Globalization has produced dynamics in global issues. The emergence of poverty issues experienced by developing countries is due to economic globalization. Social inequalities experienced by third world countries, triggered because not all individuals are able to meet the needs of living standards. The emergence of globalization and economic liberalization provides the initial doctrine that will help economic integration between actors in international relations. The existence of liberalization and supported by globalization can not be separated about the existence of the doctrine of modernity. This will indirectly cause inequality and poverty. Explanation of the World System Theory provides an overview of the conditions experienced by the countries of the third world. This theory explains the existence of perceptions regarding the hemisphere north and south. Poverty and inequality experienced by third world countries due to exploitative actions from the core countries which are indirectly facilitated by globalization. In line with the development of globalization, in the process of introducing a marginalized group namely the fringe community, in this discussion discusses the band and connoisseurs of Punk music that has been getting negative stigma from the public. In various countries, especially starting in the 70s to the present, punk activists have had negative impacts such as violence and racism for the environment and society. al. Those who are in the social order by conveying messages through their work on the issue of poverty, inequality and also injustice in the social and global environment, although this has positive impacts, it can be a form of the wrong effort because of the violence they have committed. The shape of the emergence of their existence is certainly with the help of globalization. The form of resistance from punk activists to regimes in a country also has an impact on social movements that will change the social order in society. Given that the role of the state in the era of globalization is basically too small to solve big problems and too big to take care of small things.","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121628381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In respect to the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) talks, Indonesia, the ASEAN coordinator for what will be the world's largest free trade pact, has acclaimed the substantial progress in negotiations, which has seen leaders agree to complete the deal this year. On the 33rd ASEAN Summit held in 2018, President Joko Widodo had stressed the importance of a mandate to agree on the RCEP. However, one question needs to bring to light is whether Indonesia's determination has been supported by adequate preparedness to comply with various binding provisions, especially the IPR regime designed to go beyond WTO TRIPs. In an effort to answer that question, this article will be focused on examining the IPR regulatory framework in Indonesia and to what extent it is compatible with the anticipated IPR provision based on the leaked draft of RCEP IP Chapter . Keywords: RCEP, TRIPs Plus, Intellectual Property Right, ASEAN, Indonesia DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i01.1816
{"title":"Regulatory Framework on IPR in Indonesia: Overview and Preliminary Assessment on the RCEP-IP\u0000 Chapter","authors":"E. Karina","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v7i01.1816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i01.1816","url":null,"abstract":"In respect to the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) talks, Indonesia, the ASEAN coordinator for what will be the world's largest free trade pact, has acclaimed the substantial progress in negotiations, which has seen leaders agree to complete the deal this year. On the 33rd ASEAN Summit held in 2018, President Joko Widodo had stressed the importance of a mandate to agree on the RCEP. However, one question needs to bring to light is whether Indonesia's determination has been supported by adequate preparedness to comply with various binding provisions, especially the IPR regime designed to go beyond WTO TRIPs. In an effort to answer that question, this article will be focused on examining the IPR regulatory framework in Indonesia and to what extent it is compatible with the anticipated IPR provision based on the leaked draft of RCEP IP Chapter . Keywords: RCEP, TRIPs Plus, Intellectual Property Right, ASEAN, Indonesia DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i01.1816","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126725284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of Iran which is the main reason for blocking consensus in the Arms Trade Treaty session held in 2013. Meanwhile, the object of this research leads to the activities of transferring Iranian weapons to terrorist groups such as Hezbollah, Hamas, and Palestinian Islamic Jihad making Iran block consensus in the Arms Trade Treaty session held in 2013. This research is a qualitative-explanative research supported by accurate data sources, both primary through official sites that are related and secondary through books, scientific journals, online articles, and other references. Then the explanative explanation of causality, in this study explains the reason Iran blocked consensus at the 2013 Arms Trade Treaty session because Iran had an interest in dealing with the proposal of the Arms Trade Treaty agreement. The results showed that in the same year when Iran did not report the results of its weapons exports to the United Nations, Iran exported weapons to terrorist groups. This was proven through statements issued through representatives of both parties and weapons evidence found. So that illegal weapons transfer activities made Iran block consensus because the contents of the Arms Trade Treaty proposal that explained the prohibition of arms transfers for matters that violate international provisions and related to terrorism, genocide, transnational crime. Keywords: Arms Trade Treaty, Iran, Illegal Arms Transfer DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i02.1831
{"title":"Alasan Iran Memblokir Konsensus Dalam Sidang Arms Trade Treaty Tahun 2013","authors":"Nanda Sidni Desrsal","doi":"10.33005/jgp.v7i02.1831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i02.1831","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of Iran which is the main reason for blocking consensus in the Arms Trade Treaty session held in 2013. Meanwhile, the object of this research leads to the activities of transferring Iranian weapons to terrorist groups such as Hezbollah, Hamas, and Palestinian Islamic Jihad making Iran block consensus in the Arms Trade Treaty session held in 2013. This research is a qualitative-explanative research supported by accurate data sources, both primary through official sites that are related and secondary through books, scientific journals, online articles, and other references. Then the explanative explanation of causality, in this study explains the reason Iran blocked consensus at the 2013 Arms Trade Treaty session because Iran had an interest in dealing with the proposal of the Arms Trade Treaty agreement. The results showed that in the same year when Iran did not report the results of its weapons exports to the United Nations, Iran exported weapons to terrorist groups. This was proven through statements issued through representatives of both parties and weapons evidence found. So that illegal weapons transfer activities made Iran block consensus because the contents of the Arms Trade Treaty proposal that explained the prohibition of arms transfers for matters that violate international provisions and related to terrorism, genocide, transnational crime. Keywords: Arms Trade Treaty, Iran, Illegal Arms Transfer DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i02.1831","PeriodicalId":408602,"journal":{"name":"Global and Policy Journal of International Relations","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122834258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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