Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2019.1660122
E. Grigorenko
Abstract Digital environments — simulations, games and realities — have been gaining more attention in behaviour research as the relevant technology has become more advanced and affordable. This increased attention has been paralleled by the growing research literature, a corner of which belongs to studies of creativity in digital environments. This mini review highlights the main threads of this corner, focusing on the utilization of digital environments in education and industry.
{"title":"Creativity in Digital Reality / Creatividad en la realidad digital","authors":"E. Grigorenko","doi":"10.1080/02109395.2019.1660122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2019.1660122","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Digital environments — simulations, games and realities — have been gaining more attention in behaviour research as the relevant technology has become more advanced and affordable. This increased attention has been paralleled by the growing research literature, a corner of which belongs to studies of creativity in digital environments. This mini review highlights the main threads of this corner, focusing on the utilization of digital environments in education and industry.","PeriodicalId":41002,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Psychology-Psikoloji Calismalari Dergisi","volume":"57 1","pages":"585 - 607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83126652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2017.1305061
Cintia Rodríguez, Luisa Estrada, Iván Moreno-Llanos, José-Luis de los Reyes
Abstract From the end of the first year children begin to self-regulate their own behaviour. Executive Functions are already present. This paper shows evidence — from a longitudinal case study carried out at an infant school — of the beginnings of the functional use of a spoon by an 11-month-old child through self-regulatory processes with non-linguistic semiotic systems. These involve (1) private gestures including (a) ostensive, (b) pointing, (c) symbolic and (d) emotional gestures; (2) attempts at grasping; and (3) proto-canonical uses of the spoon. This self-regulation process is enhanced by the educational intervention of the teacher who demonstrates its use, invites, re-orientates and evaluates the child’s entry into spoon uses.
{"title":"Executive Functions and educational actions in an infant school: private uses and gestures at the end of the first year / Funciones Ejecutivas y acción educativa en la Escuela Infantil: usos y gestos privados al final del primer año","authors":"Cintia Rodríguez, Luisa Estrada, Iván Moreno-Llanos, José-Luis de los Reyes","doi":"10.1080/02109395.2017.1305061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2017.1305061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract From the end of the first year children begin to self-regulate their own behaviour. Executive Functions are already present. This paper shows evidence — from a longitudinal case study carried out at an infant school — of the beginnings of the functional use of a spoon by an 11-month-old child through self-regulatory processes with non-linguistic semiotic systems. These involve (1) private gestures including (a) ostensive, (b) pointing, (c) symbolic and (d) emotional gestures; (2) attempts at grasping; and (3) proto-canonical uses of the spoon. This self-regulation process is enhanced by the educational intervention of the teacher who demonstrates its use, invites, re-orientates and evaluates the child’s entry into spoon uses.","PeriodicalId":41002,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Psychology-Psikoloji Calismalari Dergisi","volume":"23 1","pages":"385 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74217818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2017.1311459
C. Santa-Cruz, R. Rosas
Abstract This theoretical review attempts to carry out an overview of the concept of Executive Functions, exposing various facets emerging from the latest scientific developments, so that novice readers can begin to learn about the subject and those who are already familiar with it can update their knowledge. The review begins by explaining what is meant by Executive Functions and why they are important. Following that, we review both the components and the concepts commonly used in the literature that are directly related to Executive Functions. Finally, we review their precursors and those environmental factors that influence their development.
{"title":"Mapping of Executive Functions / Cartografía de las Funciones Ejecutivas","authors":"C. Santa-Cruz, R. Rosas","doi":"10.1080/02109395.2017.1311459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2017.1311459","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This theoretical review attempts to carry out an overview of the concept of Executive Functions, exposing various facets emerging from the latest scientific developments, so that novice readers can begin to learn about the subject and those who are already familiar with it can update their knowledge. The review begins by explaining what is meant by Executive Functions and why they are important. Following that, we review both the components and the concepts commonly used in the literature that are directly related to Executive Functions. Finally, we review their precursors and those environmental factors that influence their development.","PeriodicalId":41002,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Psychology-Psikoloji Calismalari Dergisi","volume":"22 1","pages":"284 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82440076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2017.1305076
C. Santa-Cruz
Abstract This special issue on Executive Functions uses diversity, understood as different perspectives, to give an account of the progress made by research teams through their studies into Executive Functions. The diversity of the content, origin and type of articles included in this edition of Studies in Psychology contributes to nourishing readers and bringing them up-to-date on the latest results in the study of Executive Functions.
{"title":"Introduction to a special issue on Executive Functions / Introducción al número especial sobre Funciones Ejecutivas","authors":"C. Santa-Cruz","doi":"10.1080/02109395.2017.1305076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2017.1305076","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This special issue on Executive Functions uses diversity, understood as different perspectives, to give an account of the progress made by research teams through their studies into Executive Functions. The diversity of the content, origin and type of articles included in this edition of Studies in Psychology contributes to nourishing readers and bringing them up-to-date on the latest results in the study of Executive Functions.","PeriodicalId":41002,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Psychology-Psikoloji Calismalari Dergisi","volume":"9 1","pages":"277 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86575702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-28DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2017.1305060
Ana F. Palenciano, Paloma Díaz-Gutiérrez, Carlos González-García, M. Ruz
Abstract Understanding the neural basis of cognitive control is a central issue in cognitive neuroscience, given its core importance for the flexibility that characterizes human behaviour. This review integrates the main findings in the field, underscoring the role of fronto-parietal regions in both proactive (representing tasks in anticipation to prepare the system for action) and reactive (detecting and resolving conflicts in processing) control. In addition, we review the dynamics of interaction between these areas and other brain regions in the range of slow frequencies. Finally, we highlight central questions in the field that have yet to be answered.
{"title":"Neural mechanisms of cognitive control / Mecanismos neurales de control cognitivo","authors":"Ana F. Palenciano, Paloma Díaz-Gutiérrez, Carlos González-García, M. Ruz","doi":"10.1080/02109395.2017.1305060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2017.1305060","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Understanding the neural basis of cognitive control is a central issue in cognitive neuroscience, given its core importance for the flexibility that characterizes human behaviour. This review integrates the main findings in the field, underscoring the role of fronto-parietal regions in both proactive (representing tasks in anticipation to prepare the system for action) and reactive (detecting and resolving conflicts in processing) control. In addition, we review the dynamics of interaction between these areas and other brain regions in the range of slow frequencies. Finally, we highlight central questions in the field that have yet to be answered.","PeriodicalId":41002,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Psychology-Psikoloji Calismalari Dergisi","volume":"86 1","pages":"311 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73922609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-29DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2017.1295575
P. Barraza, Rodrigo Avaria, Ivo Leiva
Abstract This study explored the relationship between the efficiency of alerting, orienting and executive control networks (attentional executive function) and accessing numerical magnitudes in adults, during a fraction comparison task, presenting pairs of fractions either with (CC) or without (WCC) common components. The results indicate that CC fractions are processed in a componential style, are affected by a whole number bias (WNB) and that performance in this block does not depend on the efficiency of attentional networks. By contrast, pairs of WCC fractions are processed in a holistic way, the WNB interacts with the numerical distance between fractions and performance in this block correlates with the efficiency of attentional orienting and executive control systems. Taken together, our findings show that the efficient selection of information and inhibitory control of intervening variables play an important role in processing fractions, particularly when the task requires the use of more holistic strategies to access the numerical magnitude of the fraction.
{"title":"The role of attentional networks in the access to the numerical magnitude of fractions in adults / El rol de las redes atencionales en el acceso a la magnitud numérica de fracciones en adultos","authors":"P. Barraza, Rodrigo Avaria, Ivo Leiva","doi":"10.1080/02109395.2017.1295575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2017.1295575","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study explored the relationship between the efficiency of alerting, orienting and executive control networks (attentional executive function) and accessing numerical magnitudes in adults, during a fraction comparison task, presenting pairs of fractions either with (CC) or without (WCC) common components. The results indicate that CC fractions are processed in a componential style, are affected by a whole number bias (WNB) and that performance in this block does not depend on the efficiency of attentional networks. By contrast, pairs of WCC fractions are processed in a holistic way, the WNB interacts with the numerical distance between fractions and performance in this block correlates with the efficiency of attentional orienting and executive control systems. Taken together, our findings show that the efficient selection of information and inhibitory control of intervening variables play an important role in processing fractions, particularly when the task requires the use of more holistic strategies to access the numerical magnitude of the fraction.","PeriodicalId":41002,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Psychology-Psikoloji Calismalari Dergisi","volume":"103 1","pages":"495 - 522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80679142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-27DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2017.1295579
Klaus Oberauer
Abstract The question ‘what is working memory capacity?’ can be approached from the individual-differences and the experimental perspective. The first part of the article reviews individual-differences research that aims to determine the source of common variance among tests of working memory and related complex cognitive activities, such as reasoning and text comprehension. I propose that the ability to build, maintain and update temporary bindings between content and context representations underlies the shared variance of these variables. Multiple bindings must be maintained simultaneously for building new structural representations that underlie reasoning and language comprehension. Interference between these bindings limits the complexity of these structural representations. The second part of the article reviews experimental work, informed by computational modelling of the mechanisms of working memory. I introduce an interference-based model of working memory, SOB-CS, and review experiments with complex-span tasks that test predictions from that model. The experiments support the assumption that the capacity of working memory is limited by two forms of interference: interference by superposition of multiple bindings between distributed representations, and interference by confusion of similar items, and of items bound to similar contexts.
{"title":"What is working memory capacity? / ¿Qué es la capacidad de la memoria de trabajo?","authors":"Klaus Oberauer","doi":"10.1080/02109395.2017.1295579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2017.1295579","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The question ‘what is working memory capacity?’ can be approached from the individual-differences and the experimental perspective. The first part of the article reviews individual-differences research that aims to determine the source of common variance among tests of working memory and related complex cognitive activities, such as reasoning and text comprehension. I propose that the ability to build, maintain and update temporary bindings between content and context representations underlies the shared variance of these variables. Multiple bindings must be maintained simultaneously for building new structural representations that underlie reasoning and language comprehension. Interference between these bindings limits the complexity of these structural representations. The second part of the article reviews experimental work, informed by computational modelling of the mechanisms of working memory. I introduce an interference-based model of working memory, SOB-CS, and review experiments with complex-span tasks that test predictions from that model. The experiments support the assumption that the capacity of working memory is limited by two forms of interference: interference by superposition of multiple bindings between distributed representations, and interference by confusion of similar items, and of items bound to similar contexts.","PeriodicalId":41002,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Psychology-Psikoloji Calismalari Dergisi","volume":"29 1","pages":"338 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83016469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-27DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2017.1295578
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez, Karen Moreira
Abstract This study researched the influence of learning and practising chess on two executive functions (planning and flexibility) in childhood. The performance of a group of child chess players was compared to a group of children who did not play chess through a planning test (Tower of London) and a cognitive flexibility test (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test). The results showed a better performance in planning by the group of child chess players and suggested certain differences in flexibility (in favour of the group of chess players). This study adds evidence to the hypothesis that highly complex games like chess can favour the development of executive functions in childhood.
{"title":"A study of the influence of chess on the Executive Functions in school-aged children / Estudio del impacto del ajedrez sobre las Funciones Ejecutivas en niños de edad escolar","authors":"Gonzalo Grau-Pérez, Karen Moreira","doi":"10.1080/02109395.2017.1295578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2017.1295578","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study researched the influence of learning and practising chess on two executive functions (planning and flexibility) in childhood. The performance of a group of child chess players was compared to a group of children who did not play chess through a planning test (Tower of London) and a cognitive flexibility test (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test). The results showed a better performance in planning by the group of child chess players and suggested certain differences in flexibility (in favour of the group of chess players). This study adds evidence to the hypothesis that highly complex games like chess can favour the development of executive functions in childhood.","PeriodicalId":41002,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Psychology-Psikoloji Calismalari Dergisi","volume":"17 1","pages":"473 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73077841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-27DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2017.1295577
M. P. Daneri, C. Blair
Abstract : Research suggests that language predicts executive function (EF) in the preschool period; however, the relation between language and EF in the transition to formal schooling has not been previously examined. Given that language and EF are both important for school readiness, it is valuable to examine the ways in which they may be interrelated during the start of formal schooling. Research and theory suggest that expressive language in particular may be bidirectionally related to EF. To test this hypothesis, we analysed data from five- and six-year-old children (N = 347) who completed measures of expressive vocabulary and EF in the fall and spring of kindergarten and the fall of first grade. Path analysis revealed significant cross-lagged paths between EF and expressive vocabulary in kindergarten and from kindergarten into first grade, above and beyond stability in these constructs. The findings are discussed in relation to the current understanding of the relation between language and EF and the best ways in which to support and promote school readiness and early school achievement.
{"title":"Bidirectional relations between executive function and expressive vocabulary in kindergarten and first grade / Relaciones bidireccionales entre la función ejecutiva y el vocabulario expresivo en jardín de infantes y primer grado","authors":"M. P. Daneri, C. Blair","doi":"10.1080/02109395.2017.1295577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2017.1295577","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract : Research suggests that language predicts executive function (EF) in the preschool period; however, the relation between language and EF in the transition to formal schooling has not been previously examined. Given that language and EF are both important for school readiness, it is valuable to examine the ways in which they may be interrelated during the start of formal schooling. Research and theory suggest that expressive language in particular may be bidirectionally related to EF. To test this hypothesis, we analysed data from five- and six-year-old children (N = 347) who completed measures of expressive vocabulary and EF in the fall and spring of kindergarten and the fall of first grade. Path analysis revealed significant cross-lagged paths between EF and expressive vocabulary in kindergarten and from kindergarten into first grade, above and beyond stability in these constructs. The findings are discussed in relation to the current understanding of the relation between language and EF and the best ways in which to support and promote school readiness and early school achievement.","PeriodicalId":41002,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Psychology-Psikoloji Calismalari Dergisi","volume":"46 1","pages":"424 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89437337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-24DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2017.1295574
Marian Acero-Ferrero, E. Escolano-Pérez, M. Bravo-Álvarez
Abstract Executive dysfunctions are present in numerous disorders, including autism. One of the main limitations of the tests traditionally used to measure executive functioning is that they are poorly adjusted to the demands of real life. This study shows the ability of seven children with autism, aged between five and 12 (M = 7.7, SD = 2.0), to transfer the executive skills they learnt in an executive functions training programme to everyday life. For the study the participants’ parents and teachers were asked to fill out the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) questionnaire before and after the intervention. The results of the pre-test-post-test analysis in both groups of respondents show statistically significant differences in the two questionnaire factors: Total working memory and Total inhibition. The need to focus assessment and intervention for people with autism on difficulties in everyday executive functioning for optimal psycho-social adaptation of the individual to their environment is emphasized.
{"title":"Transferring learning to everyday life in autism spectrum disorder through an Executive Functions training programme / Generalización del aprendizaje a la vida cotidiana en trastorno del espectro autista a través de un programa de entrenamiento en Funciones Ejecutivas","authors":"Marian Acero-Ferrero, E. Escolano-Pérez, M. Bravo-Álvarez","doi":"10.1080/02109395.2017.1295574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2017.1295574","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Executive dysfunctions are present in numerous disorders, including autism. One of the main limitations of the tests traditionally used to measure executive functioning is that they are poorly adjusted to the demands of real life. This study shows the ability of seven children with autism, aged between five and 12 (M = 7.7, SD = 2.0), to transfer the executive skills they learnt in an executive functions training programme to everyday life. For the study the participants’ parents and teachers were asked to fill out the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) questionnaire before and after the intervention. The results of the pre-test-post-test analysis in both groups of respondents show statistically significant differences in the two questionnaire factors: Total working memory and Total inhibition. The need to focus assessment and intervention for people with autism on difficulties in everyday executive functioning for optimal psycho-social adaptation of the individual to their environment is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":41002,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Psychology-Psikoloji Calismalari Dergisi","volume":"47 1","pages":"523 - 536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80753442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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