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Core music elements: rhythmic, melodic and harmonic musicians show differences in cognitive performance (Elementos básicos de la música: músicos rítmicos, melódicos y armónicos muestran diferencias de desempeño cognitivo) 核心音乐元素:节奏、旋律和和声音乐家在认知表现上的差异
IF 0.3 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2020.1795493
Felipe Porflitt, Ricardo Rosas
ABSTRACT This study explores the cognitive profiles of different types of expert musician adults, and suggests a frame of separation to categorize them according to the musical instrument they play. These differences would be based on the core elements of music (rhythm, melody and harmony), which activate the nervous system differently in expert adult musical performers. Several tests were applied, including executive function tasks such as verbal and visual-spatial working memory, cognitive inhibition, go/no-go and cognitive flexibility tasks, as well as tests that measure other cognitive aspects, such as fluid intelligence, divided attention and processing speed. Four groups were established to compare cognitive performance: rhythmic, melodic and harmonic musicians, and a control group (non-musicians). The results show different cognitive performances between the groups of musicians — as well as between musicians and non-musicians: the harmonic group showed the best results, following by the melodic group, the rhythmic group and lastly the control group.
摘要:本研究探讨了不同类型的成年专家音乐家的认知特征,并提出了一个根据他们演奏的乐器进行分类的分离框架。这些差异可能是基于音乐的核心元素(节奏、旋律和和声),这些元素会以不同的方式激活成年专业音乐表演者的神经系统。研究人员应用了几种测试,包括执行功能任务,如语言和视觉空间工作记忆、认知抑制、去/不去和认知灵活性任务,以及测量其他认知方面的测试,如流体智力、分散注意力和处理速度。研究人员建立了四组来比较认知表现:节奏、旋律和和声音乐家,以及对照组(非音乐家)。结果显示,不同的音乐家群体之间以及音乐家和非音乐家之间的认知表现不同:和声组表现最好,其次是旋律组,节奏组,最后是对照组。
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引用次数: 3
First fixation duration as a bottom-up measure during symbolic and non-symbolic numerical comparisons (La duración de la primera fijación como medida bottom-up al comparar cantidades simbólicas y no simbólicas) 在符号和非符号数字比较期间,第一次固定持续时间作为一种自下而上的度量
IF 0.3 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2020.1794717
Christian Peake, Jennifer Moscoso-Mellado, Ernesto Guerra
ABSTRACT The ability to represent quantities, either in a symbolic or non-symbolic format, predicts calculation skills. Recording the saccades during gazing at these stimuli allows us to infer the cognitive processing taking place at that moment. The purpose of this research study was to analyse the duration of the first fixation during symbolic and non-symbolic numerical stimuli. We evaluated 32 university students through symbolic and non-symbolic number comparison tasks while recording their eye movements. In addition, they answered a calculation task. Participants spent more time looking first at the stimulus of greater magnitude during the execution of the comparison task (regardless of the presentation format). This measure was not a predictor of calculation skills. The duration of the first fixation was interpreted as a bottom-up measure during numerical stimuli perception, and therefore during the initial stage of cognitive processing.
以符号或非符号形式表示数量的能力预示着计算能力。记录下凝视这些刺激时的扫视,可以让我们推断出在那一刻发生的认知过程。本研究的目的是分析符号和非符号数字刺激下的第一次注视的持续时间。我们通过象征性和非象征性数字比较任务对32名大学生进行了评估,同时记录了他们的眼球运动。此外,他们还回答了一项计算任务。在执行比较任务期间,参与者花更多的时间首先看更大的刺激(不管呈现形式如何)。这个测试并不能预测计算能力。第一次注视的持续时间被解释为在数字刺激感知期间自下而上的测量,因此在认知加工的初始阶段。
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引用次数: 1
Affective modulation of cognitive flexibility: a behavioural and electrophysiological study (Modulación afectiva de la flexibilidad cognitiva: un estudio conductual y electrofisiológico) 认知灵活性的情感调节:一项行为与电生理学研究
IF 0.3 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2020.1794719
Cristian Cortés-Rivera, F. Cerić
ABSTRACT Executive functions (EF) correspond to a general construct of high-order cognitive skills aimed at optimizing problem solving. The study of EF categorizes it into three sub-processes; of these three, cognitive flexibility (CF) stands out because of its later development and because it requires a greater amount of neurocognitive resources. In developing an affective understanding of EFs, recent research has outlined the existence of hot EFs, referring to processing skills used in situations that are motivationally and emotionally charged, contrasting with cold EFs, which refer to skills we use in abstract situations and when the affective component is minimal. The purpose of this research study is to explore how different levels of affective salience can modulate performance and processing through the application of a standard CF task. At the behavioural level, participants presented lower reaction times, and the accuracy of their responses was unaffected, under conditions of low affective salience. At the level of brain activity, they presented latencies related to early attention processing and greater occipital activation under conditions of high affective salience.
执行功能(EF)对应于旨在优化问题解决的高阶认知技能的一般结构。EF的研究分为三个子过程;在这三者中,认知灵活性(CF)尤为突出,因为它的发展较晚,而且需要更多的神经认知资源。在发展情感情感理解的过程中,最近的研究概述了热情感情感的存在,热情感情感指的是在动机和情感充满的情况下使用的处理技能,而冷情感情感指的是我们在抽象情况下使用的技能,情感成分最少。本研究的目的是探讨不同水平的情感显著性如何通过标准CF任务的应用来调节表现和加工。在行为水平上,在低情感显著性条件下,参与者的反应时间较短,反应的准确性不受影响。在大脑活动水平上,他们表现出与早期注意处理相关的潜伏期,以及在高情感显著性条件下更大的枕叶激活。
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引用次数: 2
Numerical Cognition in Uruguay: from clinics and laboratories to the classroom (Cognición numérica en Uruguay: de la clínica y los laboratorios al aula) 乌拉圭的数字认知:从诊所和实验室到教室(乌拉圭的数字认知:从诊所和实验室到教室)
IF 0.3 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2020.1749000
Victor Koleszar, Dinorah de León, Nadir Díaz-Simón, Dahiana Fitipalde, I. Cervieri, A. Maiche
ABSTRACT Research into numerical cognition has yielded results that could have a positive impact on the field of education through the implementation of the models that focus on the development of mathematical skills. In Uruguay, the emergence of studies into numerical cognition has a neuropsychological and experimental tradition. This article describes the main research carried out over the past 30 years using these two approaches, and it describes their results and possible implications. Finally, the importance of research into numerical cognition, the need to progress researchers’ formation and the relevance of continuous interaction with educational institutions to enrich this field of knowledge and foster implementation in the classroom are discussed.
对数字认知的研究已经产生了一些结果,通过实施以数学技能发展为重点的模型,这些结果可能对教育领域产生积极影响。在乌拉圭,数值认知研究的出现具有神经心理学和实验传统。本文描述了过去30年来使用这两种方法进行的主要研究,并描述了它们的结果和可能的含义。最后,讨论了数值认知研究的重要性、促进研究人员形成的必要性以及与教育机构持续互动的相关性,以丰富这一领域的知识并促进课堂上的实施。
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引用次数: 1
Research into cognition and numerical thinking in Colombia (Investigación sobre cognición y pensamiento numérico en Colombia) 哥伦比亚认知与数字思维研究(哥伦比亚认知与数字思维研究)
IF 0.3 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2020.1748841
Gilberto Obando-Zapata, Teresa Pontón-Ladino, Sandra-Evely Parada-Rico, J. Villa-Ochoa
ABSTRACT The article presents the results of a literature review that covered various study types and contributions made on cognition and numerical thinking in Colombia. After conducting a search in different sources, 84 relevant documents were selected and analysed in detail. Three categories were created: (i) subjects and lines of research; (ii) teacher training; and (iii) contributions to teaching and learning processes in the classroom. The results of the study indicate that in Colombia there is a prevalence of studies that focus on proposals addressing needs in mathematics classes. There is also a significant amount of studies on cognitive, semiotic and sociocultural perspectives. A gap between these two types of studies is also presented. Some considerations for future research on the topic are outlined at the end of the article.
本文介绍了一项文献综述的结果,该综述涵盖了哥伦比亚对认知和数字思维的各种研究类型和贡献。在进行了不同来源的搜索后,选择了84个相关文件并进行了详细分析。设立了三个类别:(i)研究主题和方向;(二)教师培训;(三)对课堂教学过程的贡献。研究结果表明,哥伦比亚的研究普遍侧重于解决数学课需求的建议。在认知、符号学和社会文化方面也有大量的研究。这两种类型的研究之间的差距也提出。文章最后概述了对该主题未来研究的一些注意事项。
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引用次数: 2
Research on numerical cognition in Chile: current status, links to education and challenges (Investigación en cognición numérica en Chile: estado actual, vínculos con la educación y desafíos) 智利的数字认知研究:现状,与教育和挑战的联系
IF 0.3 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2020.1748842
M. Susperreguy, Christian Peake, D. M. Gómez
ABSTRACT Research on numerical cognition, an emerging area that has received increasing interest in Chile, can contribute to understanding how mathematical skills are developed and support education. This article reviews the studies published in the field of numerical cognition in Chile, indexed in the WoS, PubMed, Scopus and SciELO databases. The articles reviewed address mechanisms that underlie mathematical performance and strategies used by children, adolescents and adults to solve mathematical tasks, with a special emphasis on early skills, calculations and arithmetic, as well as factors associated with individual differences in the development of mathematical notions. This article also analyses the sources of funding that support research on numerical cognition and education in Chile and the projects awarded such funds in recent years. Finally, the contribution and challenges of numerical cognition research in Chile in an educational context are discussed.
数值认知研究是一个新兴领域,在智利受到越来越多的关注,有助于理解数学技能是如何发展和支持教育的。本文综述了在WoS、PubMed、Scopus和SciELO数据库中检索到的智利数字认知领域发表的研究。这些文章回顾了儿童、青少年和成人在解决数学任务时使用的数学表现和策略的基础机制,特别强调了早期技能、计算和算术,以及与数学概念发展中的个体差异相关的因素。本文还分析了近年来支持智利数字认知和教育研究的资金来源以及获得此类资金的项目。最后,讨论了智利在教育背景下的数值认知研究的贡献和挑战。
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引用次数: 3
Numerical cognition in Brazil: a narrative review of a growing research field (Cognición numérica en Brasil: una revisión de un campo de investigación en desarrollo) 巴西的数字认知:一个不断发展的研究领域的叙事回顾
IF 0.3 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2020.1748998
B. Dorneles
ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to describe the trends in current Brazilian research in numerical cognition, highlighting papers published in the last five years. The studies included in the narrative review have been described considering three thematic groups: numbers; operations and problem-solving; and difficulties or disabilities in learning mathematics. Besides describing the most recent papers in this field, the article includes specific issues, i.e., the active research groups and ways of publishing the research results. The most important conclusions are: there is a diverse growing research field of numerical cognition in Brazil; there is an emphasis on basic research, rather than applied research; most of the research is about children with learning disabilities or difficulties. Despite this growing research in the field, there are no recorded repercussions of the research in Brazil´s educational system, which is a very important challenge for Brazilian researchers.
本文的目的是描述当前巴西在数值认知方面的研究趋势,重点介绍过去五年发表的论文。叙述性审查所包括的研究考虑了三个专题组:数字;操作和解决问题;以及学习数学的困难或障碍。除了描述该领域的最新论文外,文章还包括具体问题,即活跃的研究小组和研究成果的发表方式。最重要的结论是:巴西的数值认知研究领域正在多元化发展;强调基础研究,而不是应用研究;大多数研究都是关于有学习障碍或困难的儿童。尽管这一领域的研究越来越多,但在巴西的教育系统中没有记录到这项研究的影响,这对巴西的研究人员来说是一个非常重要的挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Research on numerical cognition in Mexico (Investigación sobre cognición numérica en México) 墨西哥数字认知研究(墨西哥数字认知研究)
IF 0.3 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2020.1748999
Roberto A. Abreu-Mendoza
ABSTRACT In Mexico, by the end of compulsory education, half of the junior high school students attain the lowest level in international maths assessments. To reach a better understanding of how people learn mathematical skills and how to improve in teaching methods, researchers have looked at the intersection of cognitive psychology and maths education: the field of numerical cognition. However, there is a limited amount of research with Mexican students. This paper provides an overview of the studies published to date. This overview shows that research started with an interest in how to evaluate maths skills and identify children with maths difficulties; however, in the last five years, researchers have started to study younger and atypical populations using more diverse methods. The field of numerical cognition in Mexico is still emerging; however, in years to come, there should be additional informative and exciting research from laboratories in Mexico.
在墨西哥,到义务教育结束时,有一半的初中生在国际数学评估中达到最低水平。为了更好地理解人们如何学习数学技能以及如何改进教学方法,研究人员研究了认知心理学和数学教育的交叉点:数字认知领域。然而,对墨西哥学生的研究数量有限。本文概述了迄今为止发表的研究成果。这一综述表明,研究始于对如何评估数学技能和识别数学困难儿童的兴趣;然而,在过去的五年里,研究人员开始使用更多样化的方法研究更年轻和非典型的人群。墨西哥的数值认知领域仍处于新兴阶段;然而,在未来的几年里,墨西哥的实验室应该会有更多的信息和令人兴奋的研究。
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引用次数: 1
Numerical skills and dyscalculia. From basic research to practice in Cuba (Habilidades numéricas y discalculia. De la investigación básica a la práctica en Cuba) = =地理= =根据美国人口普查,该县的总面积为,其中土地和(3.064平方公里)水。从基础研究到古巴的实践(数字技能和计算障碍)。从古巴的基础研究到实践)
IF 0.3 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2020.1749502
Vivian Reigosa-Crespo, D. Castro-Cañizares, Nancy Estévez-Pérez, E. Santos, R. Torres, Raysil Mosquera, A. Álvarez, Belkis Recio, E. González, V. Amor, Marlis Ontivero, Mitchell Valdés-Sosa
ABSTRACT Establishing bridges between the findings from cognitive neurosciences and teaching practice has not been systematically achieved. However, many researchers interested in this area agree on the positive impact that knowledge on how the brain learns has on teaching practices and educational policies. For more than 15 years, the Laboratory for Educational Neurosciences from the Cuban Centre for Neurosciences has collected evidence on basic numerical capacities and their association with learning mathematics, taking into account different levels of analysis that consider biology, cognition and education. Researchers in this laboratory have developed a conceptual, methodological and instrumental platform based on the experimental evidence they have systematically obtained. This platform has resulted in the design and validation of tools and resources for learning mathematics in the classroom with the intervention of the teachers.
在认知神经科学的发现和教学实践之间建立桥梁还没有系统地实现。然而,许多对这一领域感兴趣的研究人员一致认为,关于大脑如何学习的知识对教学实践和教育政策产生了积极影响。15年来,古巴神经科学中心的教育神经科学实验室收集了关于基本数字能力及其与学习数学的关系的证据,同时考虑到考虑生物学、认知和教育的不同分析水平。该实验室的研究人员根据他们系统获得的实验证据,开发了一个概念、方法和工具平台。在教师的干预下,该平台实现了课堂数学学习工具和资源的设计和验证。
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引用次数: 4
The learning of mathematics in Argentina and its association with the cognitive sciences: opportunities and challenges (El aprendizaje de la matemática en la Argentina y su relación con las ciencias cognitivas: oportunidades y desafíos) 阿根廷数学学习及其与认知科学的联系:机遇与挑战(阿根廷数学学习及其与认知科学的关系:机遇与挑战)
IF 0.3 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2020.1749496
Laura Pezzatti, V. Edelsztein, M. Hermida
ABSTRACT This article is a review of the current state of interaction between research into the cognitive sciences and mathematics learning in Argentina. It will firstly outline the main guidelines of Argentina’s current educational curricula in regard to the learning of mathematics. Secondly, the results Argentina obtained in international standardized tests are described and research proposals aimed at improving these results are put forward. Finally, the article explores the current lack of interaction between research into cognitive sciences and mathematical education and presents recent proposals that seek to bridge these two areas.
本文综述了阿根廷认知科学研究与数学学习之间相互作用的现状。它将首先概述阿根廷目前在数学学习方面的教育课程的主要指导方针。其次,介绍了阿根廷在国际标准化测试中取得的成绩,并提出了旨在改进这些成绩的研究建议。最后,本文探讨了目前认知科学和数学教育研究之间缺乏互动,并提出了最近寻求弥合这两个领域的建议。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Studies in Psychology-Psikoloji Calismalari Dergisi
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