Pub Date : 1996-05-13DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.1996.564348
G. Sala, J. C. Arboiro, A. Luque, J. Zamorano, J. Miñano, C. Dramsch, T. Bruton, D. Cunningham
The project EUCLIDES, subsidized by the European Union, had the aim of demonstrating the feasibility of cost reduction using reflective parabolic trough solar concentrators. The concentrator is conceived as one axis, horizontal tracking North/South oriented array, 72 meters long. The geometric concentration ratio is 32X. A prototype, 24 meters long, has been developed and installed in Madrid, Spain. The overall efficiencies of 14 series connected receiving modules is 15.0% at 25/spl deg/C. Such modules consist of 12 BP Solar SATURN concentrator solar cells, fully encapsulated. Costs analysis, after the prototype construction, shows that a total cost of 3.30 $/Wp for a grid connected solar power plant is achievable at the 10 MW production level. Also parabolic troughs have proved their suitability as PV concentrators.
EUCLIDES项目由欧洲联盟资助，其目的是证明使用反射抛物面槽太阳能聚光器降低成本的可行性。集中器被设想为一个轴，水平跟踪南北方向的阵列，72米长。几何浓度比为32X。一个24米长的原型已经开发出来并安装在西班牙马德里。在25/spl度/C时，14个串联接收模块的总效率为15.0%。这种模块由12个BP Solar SATURN聚光太阳能电池组成，完全封装。原型机建成后的成本分析表明，在10兆瓦的生产水平上，并网太阳能发电厂的总成本为3.30美元/Wp。抛物面槽也证明了其作为光伏聚光器的适用性。
{"title":"The EUCLIDES prototype: An efficient parabolic trough for PV concentration","authors":"G. Sala, J. C. Arboiro, A. Luque, J. Zamorano, J. Miñano, C. Dramsch, T. Bruton, D. Cunningham","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.1996.564348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.1996.564348","url":null,"abstract":"The project EUCLIDES, subsidized by the European Union, had the aim of demonstrating the feasibility of cost reduction using reflective parabolic trough solar concentrators. The concentrator is conceived as one axis, horizontal tracking North/South oriented array, 72 meters long. The geometric concentration ratio is 32X. A prototype, 24 meters long, has been developed and installed in Madrid, Spain. The overall efficiencies of 14 series connected receiving modules is 15.0% at 25/spl deg/C. Such modules consist of 12 BP Solar SATURN concentrator solar cells, fully encapsulated. Costs analysis, after the prototype construction, shows that a total cost of 3.30 $/Wp for a grid connected solar power plant is achievable at the 10 MW production level. Also parabolic troughs have proved their suitability as PV concentrators.","PeriodicalId":410394,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130693439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-13DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.1996.564371
A.K. Converse
A new optical design is proposed that refractively disperses sunlight and concentrates different portions of the spectrum onto an array of photovoltaic cells with suitable band gaps. Splitting the solar spectrum allows each photovoltaic cell to operate at higher efficiency. The configuration presented here consists of two 200 mm wide linear arrays of 1 mm wide prisms. Dispersing prisms, whose apex angles vary from 35/spl deg/ to 30/spl deg/ across the array, are immediately followed by concentrating prisms, whose apex angles are chosen to focus 1.64 eV photons from the center of the solar disk onto a line 500 mm from the center of the prism arrays. The dispersed solar spectrum falls on four photovoltaic cells with band gaps ranging from 0.65 to 2.45 eV. A ray tracing simulation predicts 23% more electrical output from the present design compared to a single lens of the same aperture focusing light on a single photovoltaic cell.
{"title":"Refractive spectrum splitting optics for use with photovoltaic cells","authors":"A.K. Converse","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.1996.564371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.1996.564371","url":null,"abstract":"A new optical design is proposed that refractively disperses sunlight and concentrates different portions of the spectrum onto an array of photovoltaic cells with suitable band gaps. Splitting the solar spectrum allows each photovoltaic cell to operate at higher efficiency. The configuration presented here consists of two 200 mm wide linear arrays of 1 mm wide prisms. Dispersing prisms, whose apex angles vary from 35/spl deg/ to 30/spl deg/ across the array, are immediately followed by concentrating prisms, whose apex angles are chosen to focus 1.64 eV photons from the center of the solar disk onto a line 500 mm from the center of the prism arrays. The dispersed solar spectrum falls on four photovoltaic cells with band gaps ranging from 0.65 to 2.45 eV. A ray tracing simulation predicts 23% more electrical output from the present design compared to a single lens of the same aperture focusing light on a single photovoltaic cell.","PeriodicalId":410394,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130747209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-13DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.1996.564059
P. Fath, E. Bucher, G. Willeke
Based on mechanically V-grooved silicon substrates, a novel fine-line mask-free metallization technique-shallow angle metallization (SAM)-has been developed. One SAM method-shallow angle photolithography (SAP)-relies on V-grooved single side photoresist-coated specimen, which is illuminated under a shallow angle perpendicular to the groove direction. In this case the previous groove serves the following one as a shadowing mask. Applying lift-off or metal plating techniques, a fine-line contact grid with a minimum finger width of 10 /spl mu/m has been obtained without reflection loss due to finger metallization. Details of the optimization of the SAM technique are given. The local point contact and shallow angle evaporation (LOPE) technique is based on the mechanical formation of local openings at the V-groove tops through dielectric layers (SiO/sub 2/, and/or Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/) and the cell emitter followed by a selective and heavy diffusion. The point contacts are interconnected in a subsequent step by metal evaporation under a shallow angle. First results of this simple high efficiency metallization technique are discussed.
{"title":"Highly efficient crystalline silicon solar cells using a novel shallow angle metallization (SAM) technique","authors":"P. Fath, E. Bucher, G. Willeke","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.1996.564059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.1996.564059","url":null,"abstract":"Based on mechanically V-grooved silicon substrates, a novel fine-line mask-free metallization technique-shallow angle metallization (SAM)-has been developed. One SAM method-shallow angle photolithography (SAP)-relies on V-grooved single side photoresist-coated specimen, which is illuminated under a shallow angle perpendicular to the groove direction. In this case the previous groove serves the following one as a shadowing mask. Applying lift-off or metal plating techniques, a fine-line contact grid with a minimum finger width of 10 /spl mu/m has been obtained without reflection loss due to finger metallization. Details of the optimization of the SAM technique are given. The local point contact and shallow angle evaporation (LOPE) technique is based on the mechanical formation of local openings at the V-groove tops through dielectric layers (SiO/sub 2/, and/or Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/) and the cell emitter followed by a selective and heavy diffusion. The point contacts are interconnected in a subsequent step by metal evaporation under a shallow angle. First results of this simple high efficiency metallization technique are discussed.","PeriodicalId":410394,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133552998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-13DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.1996.564390
T. Hickman, P. Eckert, T. Lepley
Arizona Public Service (APS) is doing a Utility Photovoltaic Group (UPVG) TEAM-UP project comparing commercially-available tracking photovoltaic (PV) technologies. This is a 125 kWp project consisting of 25 kWp of tracking PV systems from 6 vendors in a Survey Phase and 100 kWp in an electric utility transmission and distribution support role in the Field Phase. This maximizes APS's and the PV vendors'technology development and results in the selection of the most cost effective hardware for the Field Phase with minimum risk. This paper covers why APS is pursuing tracking PV technology, how candidate vendors were identified, our installation experience, and early operation performance. The principle goal of this effort is to assist APS in developing economically self-sustaining use of PV by the year 2000.
{"title":"A competition of tracking photovoltaic systems in a southwestern electric utility transmission and distribution application","authors":"T. Hickman, P. Eckert, T. Lepley","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.1996.564390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.1996.564390","url":null,"abstract":"Arizona Public Service (APS) is doing a Utility Photovoltaic Group (UPVG) TEAM-UP project comparing commercially-available tracking photovoltaic (PV) technologies. This is a 125 kWp project consisting of 25 kWp of tracking PV systems from 6 vendors in a Survey Phase and 100 kWp in an electric utility transmission and distribution support role in the Field Phase. This maximizes APS's and the PV vendors'technology development and results in the selection of the most cost effective hardware for the Field Phase with minimum risk. This paper covers why APS is pursuing tracking PV technology, how candidate vendors were identified, our installation experience, and early operation performance. The principle goal of this effort is to assist APS in developing economically self-sustaining use of PV by the year 2000.","PeriodicalId":410394,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133563690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-13DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.1996.564406
K. Hynes, N. Pearsall, M. Shaw, F. Crick
This paper presents an energy analysis of three rainscreen cladding designs based on demonstration PV power systems installed in the UK, including a discussion of the effect of different module types. The potential for reduction of energy requirement through recycling is considered. Energy payback times of 6 years or less have been derived for these systems.
{"title":"Energy analysis of PV cladding systems","authors":"K. Hynes, N. Pearsall, M. Shaw, F. Crick","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.1996.564406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.1996.564406","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an energy analysis of three rainscreen cladding designs based on demonstration PV power systems installed in the UK, including a discussion of the effect of different module types. The potential for reduction of energy requirement through recycling is considered. Energy payback times of 6 years or less have been derived for these systems.","PeriodicalId":410394,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133305208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-13DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.1996.564315
V. Dalal, S. Kaushal, R. Girvan, S. Hariasra, L. Sipahi
We report on fabrication, properties and stability of a-Si:H and a-(Si,Ge):H solar cells made using remote low pressure ECR deposition. We have fabricated both substrate and superstrate type solar cells. We can make solar cells with high fill factors in both geometries, but the voltages are higher with substrate-type solar cells than with superstrate type cells. Special problems related to diffusion of B have to be solved in superstrate cells because the deposition is done at higher temperatures (350-375 C). Several novel p-layer grading schemes and buffer layers which allow us to fabricate these types of cells are described. The substrate cells were made with both H-ECR and He-ECR discharges. We find that while the cells prepared with He discharge have lower H concentration, and lower H content, they are less stable than cells prepared using H/sub 2/ discharges. The stability of cells was measured using ELH and xenon lamps, and compared with the stability of cells made using standard glow discharge techniques. We find that the cells prepared using H/sub 2/-ECR discharges are more stable than standard glow discharge cells with comparable fill factors, voltages and thicknesses of i layers. We also report on a new type of graded gap a-(Si,Ge):H cell, which appears to show improved stability.
{"title":"Improved stability in ECR-deposited a-Si solar cells","authors":"V. Dalal, S. Kaushal, R. Girvan, S. Hariasra, L. Sipahi","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.1996.564315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.1996.564315","url":null,"abstract":"We report on fabrication, properties and stability of a-Si:H and a-(Si,Ge):H solar cells made using remote low pressure ECR deposition. We have fabricated both substrate and superstrate type solar cells. We can make solar cells with high fill factors in both geometries, but the voltages are higher with substrate-type solar cells than with superstrate type cells. Special problems related to diffusion of B have to be solved in superstrate cells because the deposition is done at higher temperatures (350-375 C). Several novel p-layer grading schemes and buffer layers which allow us to fabricate these types of cells are described. The substrate cells were made with both H-ECR and He-ECR discharges. We find that while the cells prepared with He discharge have lower H concentration, and lower H content, they are less stable than cells prepared using H/sub 2/ discharges. The stability of cells was measured using ELH and xenon lamps, and compared with the stability of cells made using standard glow discharge techniques. We find that the cells prepared using H/sub 2/-ECR discharges are more stable than standard glow discharge cells with comparable fill factors, voltages and thicknesses of i layers. We also report on a new type of graded gap a-(Si,Ge):H cell, which appears to show improved stability.","PeriodicalId":410394,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133434052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-13DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.1996.564356
T. Glatfelter, S. Guha, K. Hoffman, C. Vogeli, J. Yang, K. Younan, J. Wishagen
The authors have developed a shingle roofing module designed to emulate the conventional asphalt shingle in form, structural function and installation. The PV shingle module consists of a series of interconnected, coated stainless steel tabs laminated together in EVA/Tefzel polymers. The PV shingle design allows the mechanical and electrical installation to be performed independently, thereby minimizing coordination between the roofing and electrical tradesman. The installation procedure is so similar to conventional asphalt shingles that an experienced roofing contractor, with minimal training, can install the modules. The authors show results of testing that demonstrate that the PV shingle serves the dual function of electrical generator as well as a roofing material. Finally, they demonstrate the feasibility of the PV shingle by describing a 1.8 kW AC system installed on the Southface Energy Institute's Energy and Environmental Resource Center House in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
{"title":"A PV module that emulates an asphalt shingle","authors":"T. Glatfelter, S. Guha, K. Hoffman, C. Vogeli, J. Yang, K. Younan, J. Wishagen","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.1996.564356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.1996.564356","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have developed a shingle roofing module designed to emulate the conventional asphalt shingle in form, structural function and installation. The PV shingle module consists of a series of interconnected, coated stainless steel tabs laminated together in EVA/Tefzel polymers. The PV shingle design allows the mechanical and electrical installation to be performed independently, thereby minimizing coordination between the roofing and electrical tradesman. The installation procedure is so similar to conventional asphalt shingles that an experienced roofing contractor, with minimal training, can install the modules. The authors show results of testing that demonstrate that the PV shingle serves the dual function of electrical generator as well as a roofing material. Finally, they demonstrate the feasibility of the PV shingle by describing a 1.8 kW AC system installed on the Southface Energy Institute's Energy and Environmental Resource Center House in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.","PeriodicalId":410394,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132504884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-13DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.1996.564326
Qi Wang, R. Crandall, E. Schiff
It is common for the fill factor (FF) to decrease with increasing illumination intensity in hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells. This is especially critical for thicker solar cells, because the decrease is more severe than in thinner cells. Usually, the fill factor under uniformly absorbed red light charges much more than under strongly absorbed blue light. The cause of this is usually assumed to arise from space charge trapped in deep defect states. The authors model this behavior of solar cells using the Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (AMPS) simulation program. The simulation shows that the decrease in fill factor is caused by photogenerated space charge trapped in the band-tail states rather than in defects. This charge screens the applied field, reducing the internal field. Owing to its lower drift mobility, the space charge due to holes exceeds that due to electrons and is the main cause of the field screening. The space charge in midgap states is small compared with that in the tails and can be ignored under normal solar-cell operating conditions. Experimentally, they measured the photocapacitance as a means to probe the collapsed field. They also explored the light intensity dependence of photocapacitance and explain the decrease of FF with the increasing light intensity.
{"title":"Field collapse due to band-tail charge in amorphous silicon solar cells","authors":"Qi Wang, R. Crandall, E. Schiff","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.1996.564326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.1996.564326","url":null,"abstract":"It is common for the fill factor (FF) to decrease with increasing illumination intensity in hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells. This is especially critical for thicker solar cells, because the decrease is more severe than in thinner cells. Usually, the fill factor under uniformly absorbed red light charges much more than under strongly absorbed blue light. The cause of this is usually assumed to arise from space charge trapped in deep defect states. The authors model this behavior of solar cells using the Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (AMPS) simulation program. The simulation shows that the decrease in fill factor is caused by photogenerated space charge trapped in the band-tail states rather than in defects. This charge screens the applied field, reducing the internal field. Owing to its lower drift mobility, the space charge due to holes exceeds that due to electrons and is the main cause of the field screening. The space charge in midgap states is small compared with that in the tails and can be ignored under normal solar-cell operating conditions. Experimentally, they measured the photocapacitance as a means to probe the collapsed field. They also explored the light intensity dependence of photocapacitance and explain the decrease of FF with the increasing light intensity.","PeriodicalId":410394,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133224482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-13DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.1996.564314
A. Mahan, E. Iwaniczko, B. Nelson, R. Reedy, R. Crandall, S. Guha, J. Yang
This paper details the results of a study in which low H content, high deposition rate hot wire (HW) deposited amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) has been incorporated into a substrate solar cell. We find that the treatment of the top surface of the HW i layer while it is being cooled from its high deposition temperature is crucial to device performance. We present data concerning these surface treatments, and we correlate these treatments with Schottky device performance. We also present first generation HW n-i-p solar cell efficiency data, where a glow discharge (GD) /spl mu/c-Si(p) layer was added to complete the partial devices. No light trapping layer was used to increase the device Jsc. Our preliminary investigations have yielded efficiencies of up to 6.8% for a cell with a 4000 /spl Aring/ thick HW i-layer, which degrade less than 10% after a 900 h AM1 light soak. We suggest avenues for further improvement of our devices.
{"title":"Hot wire deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells","authors":"A. Mahan, E. Iwaniczko, B. Nelson, R. Reedy, R. Crandall, S. Guha, J. Yang","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.1996.564314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.1996.564314","url":null,"abstract":"This paper details the results of a study in which low H content, high deposition rate hot wire (HW) deposited amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) has been incorporated into a substrate solar cell. We find that the treatment of the top surface of the HW i layer while it is being cooled from its high deposition temperature is crucial to device performance. We present data concerning these surface treatments, and we correlate these treatments with Schottky device performance. We also present first generation HW n-i-p solar cell efficiency data, where a glow discharge (GD) /spl mu/c-Si(p) layer was added to complete the partial devices. No light trapping layer was used to increase the device Jsc. Our preliminary investigations have yielded efficiencies of up to 6.8% for a cell with a 4000 /spl Aring/ thick HW i-layer, which degrade less than 10% after a 900 h AM1 light soak. We suggest avenues for further improvement of our devices.","PeriodicalId":410394,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133766872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-13DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.1996.564029
J. Knobloch, S. Glunz, D. Biro, W. Warta, E. Schaffer, W. Wettling
Czochralski-Si (Cz-Si) of several manufacturers and with resistivities ranging from 1 to 13 /spl Omega/cm were processed into solar cells with efficiencies higher than 20% (AM1.5) using the LBSF/PERL processing sequence. The highest efficiency was 21.7%. The investigation of high efficiency Cz-Si solar cells was augmented by computer simulation and a study of the carrier lifetime before and after processing. A small degradation of solar cell performance in the lower resistivity material is discussed. Furthermore, a much simpler processing sequence is presented revealing efficiencies well above 19% on Cz-silicon and 21% on float zone-silicon.
{"title":"Solar cells with efficiencies above 21% processed from Czochralski grown silicon","authors":"J. Knobloch, S. Glunz, D. Biro, W. Warta, E. Schaffer, W. Wettling","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.1996.564029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.1996.564029","url":null,"abstract":"Czochralski-Si (Cz-Si) of several manufacturers and with resistivities ranging from 1 to 13 /spl Omega/cm were processed into solar cells with efficiencies higher than 20% (AM1.5) using the LBSF/PERL processing sequence. The highest efficiency was 21.7%. The investigation of high efficiency Cz-Si solar cells was augmented by computer simulation and a study of the carrier lifetime before and after processing. A small degradation of solar cell performance in the lower resistivity material is discussed. Furthermore, a much simpler processing sequence is presented revealing efficiencies well above 19% on Cz-silicon and 21% on float zone-silicon.","PeriodicalId":410394,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115476342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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