Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu19.2021.207
S. Mikheev
Two inscriptions from Bosnia and Herzegovina (from the vicinities of Livno and Ljubuški) and a group of graffiti from the Bregalnica river basin in the eastern part of North Macedonia are examined in this paper. It has been suggested by previous scholars that all of these inscriptions contain Glagolitic letters. The first part of the paper offers grammatical analysis and a new translation of the inscription on the tomb of a priest named Těhodrag. The tomb was unearthed in 2003 around Livno, 50 km northeast of Split. In the second section the author examines the graphics of the donor inscription on the Humac tablet from the vicinity of Ljubuški, 30 km southwest of Mostar, and proposes a revised reading of the text. The third part offers an interpretation of enigmatic signs on stones from the Bregalnica river basin, northeast of Štip. The author comes to the conclusion that none of the examined epigraphic sources contain Glagolitic letters. Both inscriptions from Bosnia and Herzegovina are in Cyrillic with some letters written in mirror image. The letter «есть» is turned 180 degrees in both graffiti, and there is one mirror «вѣдѣ» and two mirror «нашь» at the end of the inscription on the Humac tablet. The abundance of mirror-image letters probably stems from the unique shape of the Humac inscription itself: its tiered lines go around the fours sides of the tablet, forming something like a squared spiral. As for the supposedly «Glagolitic» signs on stones from the Bregalnica river basin, closer study reveals that they are tamgas, most likely carved by bearers of the Turkic cultural tradition, the Bulgars.
{"title":"Are there any Glagolitic letters in two inscriptions from Bosnia and Herzegovina and on stones from Bregalnica valley?","authors":"S. Mikheev","doi":"10.21638/spbu19.2021.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.207","url":null,"abstract":"Two inscriptions from Bosnia and Herzegovina (from the vicinities of Livno and Ljubuški) and a group of graffiti from the Bregalnica river basin in the eastern part of North Macedonia are examined in this paper. It has been suggested by previous scholars that all of these inscriptions contain Glagolitic letters. The first part of the paper offers grammatical analysis and a new translation of the inscription on the tomb of a priest named Těhodrag. The tomb was unearthed in 2003 around Livno, 50 km northeast of Split. In the second section the author examines the graphics of the donor inscription on the Humac tablet from the vicinity of Ljubuški, 30 km southwest of Mostar, and proposes a revised reading of the text. The third part offers an interpretation of enigmatic signs on stones from the Bregalnica river basin, northeast of Štip. The author comes to the conclusion that none of the examined epigraphic sources contain Glagolitic letters. Both inscriptions from Bosnia and Herzegovina are in Cyrillic with some letters written in mirror image. The letter «есть» is turned 180 degrees in both graffiti, and there is one mirror «вѣдѣ» and two mirror «нашь» at the end of the inscription on the Humac tablet. The abundance of mirror-image letters probably stems from the unique shape of the Humac inscription itself: its tiered lines go around the fours sides of the tablet, forming something like a squared spiral. As for the supposedly «Glagolitic» signs on stones from the Bregalnica river basin, closer study reveals that they are tamgas, most likely carved by bearers of the Turkic cultural tradition, the Bulgars.","PeriodicalId":41089,"journal":{"name":"Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana","volume":"12 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67788635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu19.2021.103
Madis Maasing
The paper observes depictions of the Russians and the Grand Duchy of Moscow at the Imperial Diets from the beginning of the 15th century to the 1550s. The Russians could be presented as schismatics or even infidels that threaten (Western) Christendom just like Ottoman Turks; or as fellow Christians with whom church union or at least a political alliance might be possible. Russian-related topics were usually presented by central branch of the Teutonic Order, the King of Poland or Livonian territories, who used negative depiction as a rhetorical tool to achieve certain political goals. Both the Order and Poland used the Russians in Teutonic-Polish conflict over Prussia, in which case they were described and compared with non-Christian enemies: the Tatars and the Turks. Additionally, the Order often claimed that in order to help Livonia, it should be exempted from taxes, or that possessions and lands should be reinstated to it. The Livonians used Russian threat rhetoric also to get exempted of some Imperial obligations, especially taxes, and with a clear success. Sometimes, the Livonians asked direct help against Moscow, but without success even during the war times. Partially, it might be connected with the competing narrative: since the 1490s, Moscow was then and again proposed as possible ally against Turks. Then, interest towards Moscow also rose in the Empire due to contacts between King Maximilian I with Ivan III and Vasiliy III. In the end, neither of these two narratives became dominant at the Imperial Diets before the Livonian War, and even during the war, when Anti-Russian propaganda was intensified, the positive narrative persisted; perhaps because it already had quite long roots.
{"title":"Livonia and depiction of Russians at Imperial diets before the Livonian Warr","authors":"Madis Maasing","doi":"10.21638/spbu19.2021.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.103","url":null,"abstract":"The paper observes depictions of the Russians and the Grand Duchy of Moscow at the Imperial Diets from the beginning of the 15th century to the 1550s. The Russians could be presented as schismatics or even infidels that threaten (Western) Christendom just like Ottoman Turks; or as fellow Christians with whom church union or at least a political alliance might be possible. Russian-related topics were usually presented by central branch of the Teutonic Order, the King of Poland or Livonian territories, who used negative depiction as a rhetorical tool to achieve certain political goals. Both the Order and Poland used the Russians in Teutonic-Polish conflict over Prussia, in which case they were described and compared with non-Christian enemies: the Tatars and the Turks. Additionally, the Order often claimed that in order to help Livonia, it should be exempted from taxes, or that possessions and lands should be reinstated to it. The Livonians used Russian threat rhetoric also to get exempted of some Imperial obligations, especially taxes, and with a clear success. Sometimes, the Livonians asked direct help against Moscow, but without success even during the war times. Partially, it might be connected with the competing narrative: since the 1490s, Moscow was then and again proposed as possible ally against Turks. Then, interest towards Moscow also rose in the Empire due to contacts between King Maximilian I with Ivan III and Vasiliy III. In the end, neither of these two narratives became dominant at the Imperial Diets before the Livonian War, and even during the war, when Anti-Russian propaganda was intensified, the positive narrative persisted; perhaps because it already had quite long roots.","PeriodicalId":41089,"journal":{"name":"Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67787198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu19.2021.202
P. Guzowski
This article provides an overview of financial situation in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of the early modern era when both states entered the period of military revolution. Military conflicts engaging the Kingdom and the Duchy in the 15th and especially in the 16th century were a catalyst for institutional and treasury reforms affecting crown/ducal domains and fiscal systems in both states. The reforms were aimed primarily at increasing the royal and ducal revenues, but in the long run they were conducive to political changes, the most important of which was the parliamentary union in 1569 and establishment of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Although revenues increased and foreign policies of Jagiellonian states proved successful, their treasury systems were never fully modernized. Fixed taxes played a minimal role and allowed the state apparatuses to function relatively efficiently only during periods of peace. The crises, in turn, showed that the Jagiellons’ credit capacity was very limited. Compared to the most developed European countries, the revenue and financial capacity of the Kingdom of Poland, and even more so of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, can be considered very modest.
{"title":"Military revolution and state capacity of Jagiellonian states at the turn of the Middle Ages in European context","authors":"P. Guzowski","doi":"10.21638/spbu19.2021.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.202","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of financial situation in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of the early modern era when both states entered the period of military revolution. Military conflicts engaging the Kingdom and the Duchy in the 15th and especially in the 16th century were a catalyst for institutional and treasury reforms affecting crown/ducal domains and fiscal systems in both states. The reforms were aimed primarily at increasing the royal and ducal revenues, but in the long run they were conducive to political changes, the most important of which was the parliamentary union in 1569 and establishment of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Although revenues increased and foreign policies of Jagiellonian states proved successful, their treasury systems were never fully modernized. Fixed taxes played a minimal role and allowed the state apparatuses to function relatively efficiently only during periods of peace. The crises, in turn, showed that the Jagiellons’ credit capacity was very limited. Compared to the most developed European countries, the revenue and financial capacity of the Kingdom of Poland, and even more so of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, can be considered very modest.","PeriodicalId":41089,"journal":{"name":"Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67787187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu19.2021.109
Mikola Aljaksandravich Volkau
The Old Castle in Hrodna is the most important architectural monument for Belarus in terms of its historical value, since it is the only architectural object in the country where state institutions have functioned for more than seven centuries. Active reconstruction of the castle, which began in 2016, showed that the «revival» of this building is supported by a significant part of the Belarusian society and elites, also due to the fact that castles are perceived as important symbols in the Belarusian national narrative. At the same time, such heritage objects are quite convenient in terms of interpretation and, depending on the situation and needs, can be used as symbols of different ideas and concepts. The reconstruction of the Old Castle is the quintessence of the «romantic» approach to the restoration of architectural monuments, when the basis of the concept is the desire to restore the object for a certain narrow period «in all its greatness». The project for the reconstruction of this castle is characterized by the desire to increase the architectural volumes in height in order to create a more expressive image. At the same time, the works performed in 2017–2020 showed that a significant part of architects, officials and the Belarusian society are not embarrassed by the striking difference between the proposed image and how the castle looked according to historical sources. However, the implementation of this approach threatens the Old Castle with a loss of authenticity, which is the greatest value of this monument in the long term.
{"title":"Reconstruction of the Old Castle of Hrodna","authors":"Mikola Aljaksandravich Volkau","doi":"10.21638/spbu19.2021.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.109","url":null,"abstract":"The Old Castle in Hrodna is the most important architectural monument for Belarus in terms of its historical value, since it is the only architectural object in the country where state institutions have functioned for more than seven centuries. Active reconstruction of the castle, which began in 2016, showed that the «revival» of this building is supported by a significant part of the Belarusian society and elites, also due to the fact that castles are perceived as important symbols in the Belarusian national narrative. At the same time, such heritage objects are quite convenient in terms of interpretation and, depending on the situation and needs, can be used as symbols of different ideas and concepts. The reconstruction of the Old Castle is the quintessence of the «romantic» approach to the restoration of architectural monuments, when the basis of the concept is the desire to restore the object for a certain narrow period «in all its greatness». The project for the reconstruction of this castle is characterized by the desire to increase the architectural volumes in height in order to create a more expressive image. At the same time, the works performed in 2017–2020 showed that a significant part of architects, officials and the Belarusian society are not embarrassed by the striking difference between the proposed image and how the castle looked according to historical sources. However, the implementation of this approach threatens the Old Castle with a loss of authenticity, which is the greatest value of this monument in the long term.","PeriodicalId":41089,"journal":{"name":"Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67787598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu19.2021.206
Martin Homza
The article offers a new interpretation of the account of the king Svetoplek (Svatopluk) from chapter IX of the Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea. According to the author, chapter IX is based on an ancient work about king Svatopluk I of Moravia, which was written between 885 and 894 in connection with the coronation of Svatopluk as a «king of the Slavs» (rex Sclavorum). As the author of the article proves, the events described in this ancient source (the twelve-day diet and the subsequent coronation of Svatopluk) took place not on the territory of Duklja, but on the territory of Pannonia, in the places where Roman settlements were located in the Szekesfehervar region or in the Veszprem region. In the second half of the 11th century, during the reign of the Dioclean rulers Mihailo Vojislavljević and his son Constantine Bodin, the text of this ancient source was revised in the process of compiling the Vojislavljević dynastic history «Gesta regum Sclavorum». At the same time, the story about King Svatopluk was used by Benedictine monks from the circle of Roman popes to legitimize the new status of the kings of Dioclea as «kings of the Slavs». The author shows that during the period of the struggle between the papacy and the empire at the end of the 11th – beginning of the 12th century the idea of reviving the «kingdom of the Slavs» (regnum Sclavorum), devoted to Rome, enjoyed great support from the Roman throne. In this context, the image of Svatopluk as the first «king of the Slavs» recognized by Rome was actualized and became the basis for the formation of the church and political ideology of the Dioclean dynasty of Vojislavljević.
这篇文章提供了一个新的解释国王Svetoplek (Svatopluk)从第九章的牧师戴克里亚编年史。根据作者的说法，第九章是基于一部关于摩拉维亚国王斯瓦托普鲁克一世的古代作品，该作品写于885年至894年之间，与斯瓦托普鲁克加冕为“斯拉夫人之王”(rex Sclavorum)有关。正如这篇文章的作者所证明的那样，这个古老资料中描述的事件(12天的饮食和随后的Svatopluk加冕)不是发生在Duklja的领土上，而是发生在Pannonia的领土上，在罗马人定居的地方位于Szekesfehervar地区或Veszprem地区。在11世纪下半叶，在戴克清统治者Mihailo vojislavljeviki和他的儿子Constantine Bodin统治期间，在编写vojislavljeviki王朝历史«Gesta regum Sclavorum»的过程中，对这一古老来源的文本进行了修订。与此同时，关于斯瓦托普鲁克国王的故事被罗马教皇圈子里的本笃会僧侣用来将戴克里亚国王的新地位合法化为“斯拉夫人的国王”。作者表明，在11世纪末至12世纪初教皇和帝国之间的斗争期间，复兴“斯拉夫人王国”(regnum Sclavorum)的想法，致力于罗马，得到了罗马王座的大力支持。在这种背景下，斯瓦托普鲁克作为罗马承认的第一个“斯拉夫人的国王”的形象得到了实现，并成为沃伊斯拉夫耶维奇戴克里清王朝教会和政治意识形态形成的基础。
{"title":"Is chapter IX of the Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea of Moravian-Pannonian origin?","authors":"Martin Homza","doi":"10.21638/spbu19.2021.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.206","url":null,"abstract":"The article offers a new interpretation of the account of the king Svetoplek (Svatopluk) from chapter IX of the Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea. According to the author, chapter IX is based on an ancient work about king Svatopluk I of Moravia, which was written between 885 and 894 in connection with the coronation of Svatopluk as a «king of the Slavs» (rex Sclavorum). As the author of the article proves, the events described in this ancient source (the twelve-day diet and the subsequent coronation of Svatopluk) took place not on the territory of Duklja, but on the territory of Pannonia, in the places where Roman settlements were located in the Szekesfehervar region or in the Veszprem region. In the second half of the 11th century, during the reign of the Dioclean rulers Mihailo Vojislavljević and his son Constantine Bodin, the text of this ancient source was revised in the process of compiling the Vojislavljević dynastic history «Gesta regum Sclavorum». At the same time, the story about King Svatopluk was used by Benedictine monks from the circle of Roman popes to legitimize the new status of the kings of Dioclea as «kings of the Slavs». The author shows that during the period of the struggle between the papacy and the empire at the end of the 11th – beginning of the 12th century the idea of reviving the «kingdom of the Slavs» (regnum Sclavorum), devoted to Rome, enjoyed great support from the Roman throne. In this context, the image of Svatopluk as the first «king of the Slavs» recognized by Rome was actualized and became the basis for the formation of the church and political ideology of the Dioclean dynasty of Vojislavljević.","PeriodicalId":41089,"journal":{"name":"Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67788519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu19.2021.210
N. Belov
This article discusses the debatable question about the demarche of Herman Kazansky against the Oprichnina. The author analyzes this event and suggests that Herman supported Metropolitan Philip (Kolychev) in his speech against the expansion of the Oprichnina policy in 1567. Over time, Herman’s act began to become overgrown with ecclesiastical legends. In the Life of the saint, written in the 1660s at the behest of the Kazan Metropolitan Lawrence II, it was first said, that Herman defended Metropolitan Philip during the Council trial in the fall of 1568. After the inspection of Herman’s relics in 1889, a version of his death at the hands of the oprichniks appears in the church press. Thus, by the early 20th century, the eparchial government of Kazan presented Herman as a martyr who stood up for the disgraced Metropolitan Philip and was executed by order of Ivan the Terrible. Sources from the 16th century completely refutes the first part of this image, the act of opening the relics of Herman of Kazan in May 1923 — the second one.
{"title":"Herman Kazansky’s demarche against the «Oprichnina»: Historical realities and interpretations","authors":"N. Belov","doi":"10.21638/spbu19.2021.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.210","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the debatable question about the demarche of Herman Kazansky against the Oprichnina. The author analyzes this event and suggests that Herman supported Metropolitan Philip (Kolychev) in his speech against the expansion of the Oprichnina policy in 1567. Over time, Herman’s act began to become overgrown with ecclesiastical legends. In the Life of the saint, written in the 1660s at the behest of the Kazan Metropolitan Lawrence II, it was first said, that Herman defended Metropolitan Philip during the Council trial in the fall of 1568. After the inspection of Herman’s relics in 1889, a version of his death at the hands of the oprichniks appears in the church press. Thus, by the early 20th century, the eparchial government of Kazan presented Herman as a martyr who stood up for the disgraced Metropolitan Philip and was executed by order of Ivan the Terrible. Sources from the 16th century completely refutes the first part of this image, the act of opening the relics of Herman of Kazan in May 1923 — the second one.","PeriodicalId":41089,"journal":{"name":"Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67788573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu19.2021.211
Tadeusz Grabarczyk
In the years 2016–2018, a three-volume work «Knight in war, travel and the accomodation» was published in Poland. The author of this trilogy is Jan Szymczak, Professor Emeritus at the University of Lodz (Poland). In the first two volumes, he discussed the armament and equipment of knights in medieval Poland from the 10th to the 16th century. In the first volume, the author deals with defensive weapons, in the second ― offensive. The author paid much attention to the issue of terminology related to weapons. He tries to explain the nomenclature that appears in the sources, to explain the origin of the names of weapons that appeared in Polish. In the discussed books, a lot of space is devoted to issues related to the production and prices of weapons. In the third volume, the author also deals with horses and riding gear. However, on the pages of the book we find not only information about the knight’s equipment, but also a lot of space is devoted to weapons used by citizens, peasants and mercenary soldiers. The reader will also find in this study a lot of information not only about Polish army, but also about armies of other countries of medieval Europe. On the pages of J. Szymczak’s works, we find not only the parameters of weapons and examples of their use in battles, but he also shows them as an important element of court and religious ceremonies. Although the work is dedicated to the Polish knighthood, in it there are references to ancient cultures or medieval European literature. The work contains a very rich bibliography, including handwritten and printed sources, as well as a very large selection of literature.
{"title":"About the armament of the Polish knights once again","authors":"Tadeusz Grabarczyk","doi":"10.21638/spbu19.2021.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.211","url":null,"abstract":"In the years 2016–2018, a three-volume work «Knight in war, travel and the accomodation» was published in Poland. The author of this trilogy is Jan Szymczak, Professor Emeritus at the University of Lodz (Poland). In the first two volumes, he discussed the armament and equipment of knights in medieval Poland from the 10th to the 16th century. In the first volume, the author deals with defensive weapons, in the second ― offensive. The author paid much attention to the issue of terminology related to weapons. He tries to explain the nomenclature that appears in the sources, to explain the origin of the names of weapons that appeared in Polish. In the discussed books, a lot of space is devoted to issues related to the production and prices of weapons. In the third volume, the author also deals with horses and riding gear. However, on the pages of the book we find not only information about the knight’s equipment, but also a lot of space is devoted to weapons used by citizens, peasants and mercenary soldiers. The reader will also find in this study a lot of information not only about Polish army, but also about armies of other countries of medieval Europe. On the pages of J. Szymczak’s works, we find not only the parameters of weapons and examples of their use in battles, but he also shows them as an important element of court and religious ceremonies. Although the work is dedicated to the Polish knighthood, in it there are references to ancient cultures or medieval European literature. The work contains a very rich bibliography, including handwritten and printed sources, as well as a very large selection of literature.","PeriodicalId":41089,"journal":{"name":"Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67788599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu19.2021.108
G. V. Kasianov, T. Tairova-Yakovleva
This article is dedicated to the place of the Hortyca reserve in the Cossack myth and the historical memory of Ukraine. The Cossack myth at different stages of its formation, in its post-Soviet-populist version, was successfully integrated into the state policy of memory of independent Ukraine. The article reveals the stages and the historical context of the creation of the Hortyca reserve, shows the lack of a historical base for the «reconstruction» of the Zaporizhisn Sich. Nevertheless, the Cossack movement and the Cossack theme gain an important place in the historical politics of the presidents. The Cossack movement also became participants and organizers of public commemorative actions associated with significant events in Cossack history. The events of the Maidan 2013–2014 added new colors to the Cossack myth. The use of the Hortyca complex for the formation of an artificial place of memory associated with the Zaporizhzhya Sich and the Cossacks is studies. It is shown that there was no historical or archaeological basis for the formation of the memorial on Bolshaya Hortyca. Nevertheless, since the time of N. Yavornitsky, a number of stages in the creation of such a place of memory can be traced. In particular, P. Shelest’s decisions on perpetuating the memory of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. In 1965 was made a decision to create a historical and cultural reserve «Hortyca». One of the key places is the grave of the ataman I. Sirko. The exhumation and further investigation of Sirko’s remains became the subject of a war of memory. Only in 2000, the skull of the legendary chieftain was buried. The reserve itself remained the subject of speculation and manipulation of the Cossack myth, since would not be based on either historical or archaeological data, but it was based on the idea of recreating a certain generalized image. As a result, the complex «Hortyca’s Sich» turned out to be a generalized image of Cossack fortifications with an attempt to reproduce the structure of all eight Cossack sections that existed in the 17th–18th centuries. The complex is actively used by reenactors and folklorists.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu19.2021.112
T. Ambroziak
Review of the collection of acts of the Kaunas dietine 1733–1795 compiled by M. Jusupowić («Akta sejmiku kowieńskiego z lat 1733–1795» / Wyd. Jusupović, Monika. Warszawa: Instytut Historii PAN, Wydawnictwo Neriton, 2019. 660 p.). T. Ambroziak points out the importance of this publication for the study of the political and social life of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century. The reviewer notes the relative stability of the activities of the Kaunas dietine, due to the political position of the Zabiełło family. The author draws attention to the significant difference in the publication of dietines’ documents of Lithuania and Poland and to the fact that this work is the first publication of documents of dietines of the Grand Duchy. T. Ambroziak positively assesses this publication, emphasizing its completeness and the fact that materials from the collections of various archives and libraries in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and Russia were attracted. The peer-reviewed publication complies with the modern Polish archaeographic practice of publication of such source material. This collection suits the model of the publication of «acts» of the dietine, formulated by S. Kutrzeba. At the same time, the reviewer points to a number of issues that have not yet been resolved by Polish historiography, as the question of transmission of the text of the source material. The author emphasizes that, despite the ongoing discussion on the development of a new instruction for the publication of historical sources of the Early Modern period, Polish scholars still, although with significant reservations, adhere to the «Publishing instruction for historical sources of the 16th – first half of the 19th centuries» formulated in the middle of the last century by K. Lepszy.
对M. jusupowiki(«Akta sejmiku kowieńskiego z lat 1733-1795»)编写的1733-1795年考纳斯饮食法案汇编的回顾。Jusupović,莫妮卡。华沙:波兰历史研究所，立陶宛，2019。660 p)。T. Ambroziak指出了这本出版物对于研究18世纪立陶宛大公国和波兰立陶宛联邦的政治和社会生活的重要性。审稿人注意到，由于Zabiełło家族的政治立场，考纳斯饮食的活动相对稳定。作者提请注意立陶宛和波兰饮食文献出版的显著差异，以及这本书是大公国饮食文献的首次出版。T. Ambroziak对该出版物进行了积极评价，强调其完整性，以及从波兰、立陶宛、白俄罗斯和俄罗斯的各种档案馆和图书馆收集的材料。同行评议的出版物符合现代波兰考古学出版此类原始材料的惯例。这个集合适合由S. Kutrzeba制定的饮食«行为»的出版模式。同时，审稿人指出了波兰史学尚未解决的一些问题，如原始材料文本的传播问题。作者强调，尽管正在进行关于发展一种新的近代早期历史资料出版指南的讨论，波兰学者仍然坚持K. Lepszy在上世纪中叶制定的“16世纪至19世纪上半叶历史资料出版指南”，尽管有很大的保留意见。
{"title":"First publication of documents of dietines of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania","authors":"T. Ambroziak","doi":"10.21638/spbu19.2021.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.112","url":null,"abstract":"Review of the collection of acts of the Kaunas dietine 1733–1795 compiled by M. Jusupowić («Akta sejmiku kowieńskiego z lat 1733–1795» / Wyd. Jusupović, Monika. Warszawa: Instytut Historii PAN, Wydawnictwo Neriton, 2019. 660 p.). T. Ambroziak points out the importance of this publication for the study of the political and social life of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century. The reviewer notes the relative stability of the activities of the Kaunas dietine, due to the political position of the Zabiełło family. The author draws attention to the significant difference in the publication of dietines’ documents of Lithuania and Poland and to the fact that this work is the first publication of documents of dietines of the Grand Duchy. T. Ambroziak positively assesses this publication, emphasizing its completeness and the fact that materials from the collections of various archives and libraries in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and Russia were attracted. The peer-reviewed publication complies with the modern Polish archaeographic practice of publication of such source material. This collection suits the model of the publication of «acts» of the dietine, formulated by S. Kutrzeba. At the same time, the reviewer points to a number of issues that have not yet been resolved by Polish historiography, as the question of transmission of the text of the source material. The author emphasizes that, despite the ongoing discussion on the development of a new instruction for the publication of historical sources of the Early Modern period, Polish scholars still, although with significant reservations, adhere to the «Publishing instruction for historical sources of the 16th – first half of the 19th centuries» formulated in the middle of the last century by K. Lepszy.","PeriodicalId":41089,"journal":{"name":"Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67787620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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