Rampant unemployment in the United States brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous detrimental effect on the financial well-being of millions of Americans and their families. Personal concerns about these financial disruptions and social isolation as a precaution against the pandemic have heighted stress particularly among vulnerable groups like the unemployed. High stress situations are known triggers for maladaptive coping behaviors like use/overuse of alcohol, prescription medications, and street drugs. This study of 600 unemployed individuals found substantial increases in all three categories of mood-altering substances. Using adapted addiction symptom measurement items from the most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), the researchers established comparative addiction risk profiles for each substance category. Further, the results of the study offer preliminary insights into substance abuse patterns across two and even all three of the substance categories.
{"title":"Increased Misuse of Alcohol and Drugs among Unemployed during COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Richard Hunter, R. Nida","doi":"10.4236/OJBM.2021.93079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBM.2021.93079","url":null,"abstract":"Rampant \u0000unemployment in the United States brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic has had \u0000an enormous detrimental effect on the financial well-being of millions of \u0000Americans and their families. Personal concerns about these financial \u0000disruptions and social isolation as a precaution against the pandemic have \u0000heighted stress particularly among vulnerable groups like the unemployed. High \u0000stress situations are known triggers for maladaptive coping behaviors like \u0000use/overuse of alcohol, prescription medications, and street drugs. This study \u0000of 600 unemployed individuals found substantial increases in all three \u0000categories of mood-altering substances. Using adapted addiction symptom \u0000measurement items from the most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual \u0000(DSM-5), the researchers established comparative addiction risk profiles for \u0000each substance category. Further, the results of the study offer preliminary \u0000insights into substance abuse patterns across two and even all three of the \u0000substance categories.","PeriodicalId":411102,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122528775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the background of mixed ownership reform, the equity mix has an increasing impact on corporate performance. Our research selects the panel data of 620 Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2015 to 2019, and constructs a model of the mediating effect of “equity mix-executive incentives-corporate performance” to test the impact of equity mix on firm performance, and further explore the mediating effect of executive incentives between the equity mix and firm performance. Research shows that: the “U”-shaped relationship between equity mix and company performance is confirmed, executive compensation incentives have a partial mediating effect between equity mix and firm performance, and executive equity incentives have a complete mediating effect between equity mix and company performance.
{"title":"The Impact of Equity Mix and Executive Incentives on Corporate Performance","authors":"Jing Li","doi":"10.4236/OJBM.2021.93075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBM.2021.93075","url":null,"abstract":"On the background of mixed \u0000ownership reform, the equity mix has an increasing impact on corporate \u0000performance. Our research selects the panel data of 620 Shanghai and Shenzhen \u0000A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2015 to 2019, and constructs a model of the mediating effect of “equity \u0000mix-executive incentives-corporate performance” to test the impact of equity \u0000mix on firm performance, and further explore the mediating effect of executive \u0000incentives between the equity mix and firm performance. Research shows that: \u0000the “U”-shaped relationship between equity mix and company performance is \u0000confirmed, executive compensation incentives have a partial mediating effect \u0000between equity mix and firm performance, and executive equity incentives have a \u0000complete mediating effect between equity mix and company performance.","PeriodicalId":411102,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128606845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following the technological advancement from the days where the internet was not a commerce friendly space to now when it is a known secret that the internet is by far one of the greatest platforms for commercial activities, electronic commerce (e-commerce) has gained feet and become one of the easiest and convenient ways to reach out to a relatively larger geographical market for buying and selling of goods and services. Not only has this phenomenon made convenience a good part of commercial activities but also opened up the market to diversified goods and services and individuals or companies to select from, therefore making it highly imperative that these phenomena are looked into. Therefore, this research seeks to discuss how certain traits like the consumers’ perception serve as a moderating tool in the online market space and consequently influence consumer purchase intentions.
{"title":"Consumers Attraction to Purchase Online: Website Quality as a Major Influencing Factor","authors":"Amponsah Randy Kwaku, S. Antwi","doi":"10.4236/OJBM.2021.93061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBM.2021.93061","url":null,"abstract":"Following \u0000the technological advancement from the days where the internet was not a \u0000commerce friendly space to now when it is a known secret that the internet is \u0000by far one of the greatest platforms for commercial activities, electronic \u0000commerce (e-commerce) has gained feet and become one of the easiest and \u0000convenient ways to reach out to a relatively larger geographical market for \u0000buying and selling of goods and services. Not only has this phenomenon made \u0000convenience a good part of commercial activities but also opened up the market \u0000to diversified goods and services and individuals or companies to select from, \u0000therefore making it highly imperative that these phenomena are looked into. \u0000Therefore, this research seeks to discuss how certain traits like the consumers’ \u0000perception serve as a moderating tool in the online market space and \u0000consequently influence consumer purchase intentions.","PeriodicalId":411102,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125571436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper reviews the topic of corruption, in a comparative approach of the public and private sector in Romania, considering the wider background of the European Union. Based on the findings of a survey performed by the authors, we advance strategies and recommendations for both the public and business management, in order to align their views with the premises of ethical administration.
{"title":"Corruption in Romania—Public vs. Private Sector","authors":"S. Vasilache, Roxana Gazdaru, M. Sava","doi":"10.4236/OJBM.2021.92050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBM.2021.92050","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper reviews the topic of corruption, in a comparative approach of the public and private sector in Romania, considering the wider background of the European Union. Based on the findings of a survey performed by the authors, we advance strategies and recommendations for both the public and business management, in order to align their views with the premises of ethical administration.","PeriodicalId":411102,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123887627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The popularization of FinTechs has sparked new competition for banks as FinTechs are said to be more convenient, efficient and faster unlike bureaucratic requirements of financial institutions such as banks. The aim of this study was to assess the factors leading to adoption of FinTech financial services and how this affects traditional banking in Zambia. The objectives of the study were to evaluate factors influencing the adoption of FinTech financial services and to develop strategies that can help banks to remain relevant and competitive. The study adopted a quantitative research approach to collect data through self-administered questionnaires. The sample size was arrived at using the Cochran formula. The respondents were selected based on a convenient sampling technique which is a non-probability sampling method. The study adopted the diffusion of innovation theory whose variables were used to come up with hypotheses. The data collected through the questionnaires was analyzed using Pearson Correlation and the SPSS software. Results indicated a strong positive correlation of 0.450 between relative advantage and adoption. Further, the study shows that there is a strong positive correlation of 0.621 between Compatibility and Adoption. The study proposes a revised model that shows factors affecting adoption of an innovation that might help banks.
{"title":"The FinTech Evolution and Its Effect on Traditional Banking in Africa—A Case of Zambia","authors":"Edward Iluba, J. Phiri","doi":"10.4236/OJBM.2021.92043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBM.2021.92043","url":null,"abstract":"The popularization of FinTechs has sparked new competition for banks as FinTechs are said to be more convenient, efficient and faster unlike bureaucratic requirements of financial institutions such as banks. The aim of this study was to assess the factors leading to adoption of FinTech financial services and how this affects traditional banking in Zambia. The objectives of the study were to evaluate factors influencing the adoption of FinTech financial services and to develop strategies that can help banks to remain relevant and competitive. The study adopted a quantitative research approach to collect data through self-administered questionnaires. The sample size was arrived at using the Cochran formula. The respondents were selected based on a convenient sampling technique which is a non-probability sampling method. The study adopted the diffusion of innovation theory whose variables were used to come up with hypotheses. The data collected through the questionnaires was analyzed using Pearson Correlation and the SPSS software. Results indicated a strong positive correlation of 0.450 between relative advantage and adoption. Further, the study shows that there is a strong positive correlation of 0.621 between Compatibility and Adoption. The study proposes a revised model that shows factors affecting adoption of an innovation that might help banks.","PeriodicalId":411102,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122597635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karen A. Somerville, Inta Cinite, Carlos Largacha-Martínez
This research is premised on the proposition that mastering organizational change skills may help improve success rate of change initiatives. The overall purpose of this empirical, cross-national study was to explore whether perceptions of organizational change skills differ across nations. Using a convenience sample, structured interviews were conducted with 90 managers and executives in three regions: the USA, the Baltics and South America to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Statistical significance of between-group differences in means was obtained with the help of one-way ANOVA, and differences in percentages were established using a chi square test. Most of the change skills were perceived similarly across the three regions, but nevertheless, there were some differences. More communication and managing the change process skills were believed to be present in organizations in the USA, while understanding internal and external environment was more characteristic of the Baltics and South America. Respondents in these two regions also considered interpersonal and social skills to be more important. Respondents’ awareness of change skills was quite low without prompting. However, when prompted, all pre-established 11 groups of skills (Somerville & Whelan-Berry, 2009) were rated as important, and the majority of respondents were confident that these skills could be found in their organization. Given the relatively few differences that were found across the three regions, this suggests that cross-border dissemination of organizational change skills is possible, but each geography requires a slight adaptation. The findings also suggest that if those leading/managing change initiatives recognize that there are at least 11 groups of change skills, and cultivate these skills within the organization, this could increase the success rate of change initiatives. Given the paucity of empirical research relating to change skills generally, and cross-national considerations specifically, and the importance of change for organizations globally, this exploratory empirical research makes important contributions.
{"title":"Organizational Change Skills: An Empirical Cross-National Study","authors":"Karen A. Somerville, Inta Cinite, Carlos Largacha-Martínez","doi":"10.4236/OJBM.2021.92048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBM.2021.92048","url":null,"abstract":"This research is premised on the proposition that mastering organizational change skills may help improve success rate of change initiatives. The overall purpose of this empirical, cross-national study was to explore whether perceptions of organizational change skills differ across nations. Using a convenience sample, structured interviews were conducted with 90 managers and executives in three regions: the USA, the Baltics and South America to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Statistical significance of between-group differences in means was obtained with the help of one-way ANOVA, and differences in percentages were established using a chi square test. Most of the change skills were perceived similarly across the three regions, but nevertheless, there were some differences. More communication and managing the change process skills were believed to be present in organizations in the USA, while understanding internal and external environment was more characteristic of the Baltics and South America. Respondents in these two regions also considered interpersonal and social skills to be more important. Respondents’ awareness of change skills was quite low without prompting. However, when prompted, all pre-established 11 groups of skills (Somerville & Whelan-Berry, 2009) were rated as important, and the majority of respondents were confident that these skills could be found in their organization. Given the relatively few differences that were found across the three regions, this suggests that cross-border dissemination of organizational change skills is possible, but each geography requires a slight adaptation. The findings also suggest that if those leading/managing change initiatives recognize that there are at least 11 groups of change skills, and cultivate these skills within the organization, this could increase the success rate of change initiatives. Given the paucity of empirical research relating to change skills generally, and cross-national considerations specifically, and the importance of change for organizations globally, this exploratory empirical research makes important contributions.","PeriodicalId":411102,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121924029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Millennial workers occupy the majority of employment positions worldwide, which is a concern to business leaders in the United States related to having knowledge and ability to train, motivate, and retain millennial employees. Using Gilbert’s behavior engineering model as a conceptual framework, this multiple case study explored the strategies that business leaders used to motivate millennial employees. The study population included 4 leaders of small restaurant businesses in eastern North Carolina, USA. Data were collected from semistructured, face-to-face interviews using 7 open-ended questions and a review of company documents, websites, and social media. Data were coded and analyzed following Morse’s method of data analysis. Three themes emerged from data analysis: rewards and recognition, high-quality leader-member relationship, and professional development. The findings of this research are significant for small business leaders who want to implement effective motivational strategies to manage millennial employees to keep their organizations productive and profitable. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to help millennial workers grow in their careers, become financially stable, and develop into prospective leaders prepared to proper their organizations and societies in the future.
{"title":"Strategies That Small Business Leaders Use to Motivate Millennial Employees","authors":"James Alvaro Nilo","doi":"10.4236/OJBM.2021.92042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBM.2021.92042","url":null,"abstract":"Millennial workers occupy the majority of employment positions worldwide, which is a concern to business leaders in the United States related to having knowledge and ability to train, motivate, and retain millennial employees. Using Gilbert’s behavior engineering model as a conceptual framework, this multiple case study explored the strategies that business leaders used to motivate millennial employees. The study population included 4 leaders of small restaurant businesses in eastern North Carolina, USA. Data were collected from semistructured, face-to-face interviews using 7 open-ended questions and a review of company documents, websites, and social media. Data were coded and analyzed following Morse’s method of data analysis. Three themes emerged from data analysis: rewards and recognition, high-quality leader-member relationship, and professional development. The findings of this research are significant for small business leaders who want to implement effective motivational strategies to manage millennial employees to keep their organizations productive and profitable. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to help millennial workers grow in their careers, become financially stable, and develop into prospective leaders prepared to proper their organizations and societies in the future.","PeriodicalId":411102,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128753952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the relevant data of the proportions of major shareholders and independent directors from 2008 to 2017 are examined. Firstly, the functions of the board of directors and the role of independent directors are introduced. Then, the impact of the institutional changes of the board of directors on the proportion of independent directors is investigated. Next, the determinants of the structure of the board of directors are reviewed. Thus, two hypotheses are proposed. According to the regression results of the model, hypothesis 1B presents positive significance. It can be concluded through the influence of the largest shareholder’s shareholding ratio on the proportion of independent directors in the board of directors that the higher the shareholding ratio of the largest shareholder, the higher the proportion of independent directors. By increasing the proportion of independent directors, the voting space of non-independent directors will be squeezed, so as to increase their control. This study reveals that the ownership structure is an essential factor influencing the structure of the board of directors, constituting a crucial supplement to the literature on the determinants of the structure of the board of directors.
{"title":"The Proportion of Shares Held by the Largest Shareholder and the Proportion of Independent Directors","authors":"Xiaopeng Chu","doi":"10.4236/OJBM.2021.92040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBM.2021.92040","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the relevant data of the proportions of major shareholders and independent directors from 2008 to 2017 are examined. Firstly, the functions of the board of directors and the role of independent directors are introduced. Then, the impact of the institutional changes of the board of directors on the proportion of independent directors is investigated. Next, the determinants of the structure of the board of directors are reviewed. Thus, two hypotheses are proposed. According to the regression results of the model, hypothesis 1B presents positive significance. It can be concluded through the influence of the largest shareholder’s shareholding ratio on the proportion of independent directors in the board of directors that the higher the shareholding ratio of the largest shareholder, the higher the proportion of independent directors. By increasing the proportion of independent directors, the voting space of non-independent directors will be squeezed, so as to increase their control. This study reveals that the ownership structure is an essential factor influencing the structure of the board of directors, constituting a crucial supplement to the literature on the determinants of the structure of the board of directors.","PeriodicalId":411102,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116032601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Philip, Mimy Mathew, Gopalakrishnan Soundararajan
Conspicuous consumption means consumers prefer to buy expensive items to show their wealth and status to society. This study objective is to develop a framework that connects conspicuous consumption variables with the aspirations and consequences and to test the model among the migrant blue-collar workers located in the GCC countries. Primary data was collected with a structured questionnaire from 400 blue-collar migrant workers in GCC countries. Eight hypotheses were formed and tested by using factor analysis and structural equation model analysis. The study concluded that blue-collar expatriate workers exhibit a high level of lush luxury behavior to gain family and social acceptance, which is one of the best ways of expressing themselves; however these are attained at the cost of financial sustainability of personal wellbeing.
{"title":"Antecedents of Conspicuous Consumption, Status Aspiration, and Its Consequences: An Empirical Study on Migrant Blue-Collar Workers in GCC","authors":"M. Philip, Mimy Mathew, Gopalakrishnan Soundararajan","doi":"10.4236/OJBM.2021.92038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBM.2021.92038","url":null,"abstract":"Conspicuous consumption means consumers prefer to buy expensive items to show their wealth and status to society. This study objective is to develop a framework that connects conspicuous consumption variables with the aspirations and consequences and to test the model among the migrant blue-collar workers located in the GCC countries. Primary data was collected with a structured questionnaire from 400 blue-collar migrant workers in GCC countries. Eight hypotheses were formed and tested by using factor analysis and structural equation model analysis. The study concluded that blue-collar expatriate workers exhibit a high level of lush luxury behavior to gain family and social acceptance, which is one of the best ways of expressing themselves; however these are attained at the cost of financial sustainability of personal wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":411102,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122685776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Family businesses in our country and in the world are an important force in the economy. Therefore, the importance of family businesses in the economy is indisputably large. But nowadays competition and globalization reduce the sustainability of family businesses. This situation firstly harms the family business and then the economy significantly. Strategic management has become a necessity in today’s world where competition is increasing day by day and competition is globalized. Strategic management activities are carried out to ensure long-term success in almost all sectors. They can achieve the target and long-term achievements that they want to achieve in the near future through strategic management. The focus of this study is on the adoption of a strategic management approach to the positions that enterprises must take against the conditions arising from global competition.
{"title":"The Role of Strategic Management in Economic Cycles of Family Enterprises in the Process of Institutionalization","authors":"Abdurrahman Saridag","doi":"10.4236/OJBM.2021.92029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBM.2021.92029","url":null,"abstract":"Family businesses in our country and in the world are an important force in \u0000the economy. Therefore, the importance of family businesses in the economy is indisputably \u0000large. But nowadays competition and globalization reduce the sustainability of family \u0000businesses. This situation firstly harms the family business and then the economy \u0000significantly. Strategic management has become a necessity in today’s world where \u0000competition is increasing day by day and competition is globalized. Strategic management \u0000activities are carried out to ensure long-term success in almost all sectors. They \u0000can achieve the target and long-term achievements that they want to achieve in the \u0000near future through strategic management. The focus of this study is on the adoption \u0000of a strategic management approach to the positions that enterprises must take against \u0000the conditions arising from global competition.","PeriodicalId":411102,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122252603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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