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Heat Transfer of DE-Series MOSFETs de系列mosfet的传热
Pub Date : 2011-06-28 DOI: 10.1155/2011/164286
A. Swart
MOSFET devices have developed significantly over the past few years to become the number one choice for high-power applications in power electronics and electronic communication. Commercially available devices (such as the IXYS RF manufactured) now operate into the VHF range with output RF powers of up to 300 W. They are optimized for linear operation and suitable for broadcast and communication applications. This paper presents the heat transfer out of an IXZ210N50L MOSFET which is sandwiched between two identical heatsinks. The results reveal a linear decrease in heat flowing away from the top of the MOSFET when compared to the bottom of the MOSFET for each step increase of drain current. Two graphs (representing the top and bottom heatsinks connected to the MOSFET device) contrast the temperature rise for the Bisink technique when the drain current through the IXZ210N50L MOSFET is kept constant at 5 A. The Bisink technique has the advantages of lower on-state resistances and higher output powers when compared to the traditional mounting using only one heatsink, resulting in improved reliability and performance. Results further reveal that the ambient temperature must be measured in the vicinity of the heatsink.
MOSFET器件在过去几年中取得了显著发展,成为电力电子和电子通信中大功率应用的首选器件。市售设备(如IXYS RF制造)现在工作在VHF范围内,输出RF功率高达300 W。它们针对线性操作进行了优化,适用于广播和通信应用。本文介绍了夹在两个相同散热器之间的IXZ210N50L MOSFET的传热。结果显示,与漏极电流的每一步增加相比,从MOSFET顶部流出的热量呈线性减少。两张图(表示连接到MOSFET器件的顶部和底部散热器)对比了通过IXZ210N50L MOSFET的漏极电流保持恒定在5 A时Bisink技术的温升。与仅使用一个散热器的传统安装相比,Bisink技术具有更低的导通电阻和更高的输出功率,从而提高了可靠性和性能。结果进一步表明,环境温度必须在散热器附近测量。
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引用次数: 1
Review and Simulation of Fixed and Adaptive Hysteresis Current Control Considering Switching Losses and High-Frequency Harmonics 考虑开关损耗和高频谐波的固定和自适应迟滞电流控制综述与仿真
Pub Date : 2011-06-28 DOI: 10.1155/2011/397872
H. Vahedi, A. Sheikholeslami, M. Bina, M. Vahedi
Hysteresis Current Control (HCC) is widely used due to its simplicity in implementation, fast and accurate response. However, the main issue is its variable switching frequency which leads to extraswitching losses and injecting high-frequency harmonics into the system current. To solve this problem, adaptive hysteresis current control (AHCC) has been introduced which produces hysteresis bandwidth which instantaneously results in smoother and constant switching frequency. In this paper the instantaneous power theory is used to extract the harmonic components of system current. Then fixed-band hysteresis current control is explained. Because of fixed-band variable frequency disadvantages, the adaptive hysteresis current control is explained that leads to fixing the switching frequency and reducing the high-frequency components in source current waveform. Due to these advantages of AHCC, the switching frequency and switching losses will be diminished appropriately. Some simulations are done in MATLAB/Simulink. The Fourier Transform and THD results of source and load currents and the instantaneous switching frequency diagram are discussed to prove the efficiency of this method. The Fourier Transform and THD results of source and load currents are discussed to prove the validity of this method.
磁滞电流控制以其实现简单、响应速度快、准确等优点得到了广泛的应用。然而,其主要问题是其可变的开关频率导致了超开关损耗和向系统电流中注入高频谐波。为了解决这一问题,引入了自适应迟滞电流控制(AHCC),产生迟滞带宽,使开关频率瞬间平滑稳定。本文采用瞬时功率理论提取系统电流的谐波分量。然后对固定带磁滞电流控制进行了说明。针对固定频带可变频率的缺点,阐述了自适应迟滞电流控制,使开关频率固定,减少源电流波形中的高频分量。由于AHCC的这些优点,开关频率和开关损耗会相应降低。在MATLAB/Simulink中进行了部分仿真。讨论了源、负载电流的傅里叶变换和THD结果以及瞬时开关频率图,证明了该方法的有效性。讨论了源电流和负载电流的傅里叶变换和THD结果,证明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 47
Design of Robust Current Controller for Two-Level 12-Pulse VSC-based STATCOM 基于两电平12脉冲vsc的STATCOM鲁棒电流控制器设计
Pub Date : 2011-06-16 DOI: 10.1155/2011/912749
M. Janaki, R. Thirumalaivasan, N. Prabhu
The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a shunt connected voltage source converter (VSC) based FACTS controller using GTOs employed for reactive power control. A typical application of a STATCOM is for voltage regulation at the midpoint of a long transmission line for the enhancement of power transfer capability and/or reactive power control at the load centre. The PI controller-based reactive current controller can cause oscillatory instability in inductive mode of operation of STATCOM and can be overcome by the nonlinear feedback controller. The transient response of the STATCOM depends on the controller parameters selected. This paper presents a systematic method for controller parameter optimization based on genetic algorithm (GA). The performance of the designed controller is evaluated by transient simulation. It is observed that the STATCOM with optimized controller parameters shows excellent transient response for the step change in the reactive current reference. While the eigenvalue analysis and controller design are based on D-Q model, the transient simulation is based on both D-Q and 3-phase models of STATCOM (which considers switching action of VSC).
静态同步补偿器(STATCOM)是一种基于并联电压源变换器(VSC)的FACTS控制器,采用GTOs进行无功控制。STATCOM的典型应用是在长传输线的中点进行电压调节,以增强电力传输能力和/或负载中心的无功功率控制。基于PI控制器的无功电流控制器会引起STATCOM在感应工作模式下的振荡不稳定,而非线性反馈控制器可以克服这一问题。STATCOM的瞬态响应取决于所选择的控制器参数。提出了一种系统的基于遗传算法的控制器参数优化方法。通过暂态仿真对所设计控制器的性能进行了评价。结果表明,控制器参数优化后的STATCOM对无功电流参考值的阶跃变化具有良好的瞬态响应。特征值分析和控制器设计基于D-Q模型,暂态仿真同时基于D-Q模型和STATCOM的三相模型(考虑VSC的开关作用)。
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引用次数: 6
The Influence of Controller Parameters on the Quality of the Train Converter Current 控制器参数对列车变流器电流质量的影响
Pub Date : 2011-06-09 DOI: 10.1155/2011/832737
M. Brenna, F. Foiadelli, D. Zaninelli
This paper presents a stability analysis of train converters in order to evaluate how the controller parameters affect the absorbed current. The new dynamic model presented in this paper is capable of considering the time-variant nature of the system for the correct tuning of the feedback proportional-integral PI controller, applying a current controlled modulation technique never used in high-power traction converters. The reduction of the harmonic content of the current absorbed by a converter employed at the input stage onboard high-speed trains is really important, considering the interaction with the signaling system set up for traffic control. A computer model of the converter, considering both the power and the control structure, has also been implemented in order to deliver a validated tool for the developed theoretical analysis.
本文对列车变流器的稳定性进行了分析,以评估控制器参数对吸收电流的影响。本文提出的新的动态模型能够考虑系统的时变特性,以便正确调整反馈比例积分PI控制器,并采用了大功率牵引变流器中从未使用过的电流控制调制技术。考虑到为交通控制而设置的信号系统的相互作用,降低高速列车输入级转换器吸收电流的谐波含量是非常重要的。考虑功率和控制结构的变换器的计算机模型也已实现,以便为开发的理论分析提供一个有效的工具。
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引用次数: 1
A New Sensorless MRAS Based on Active Power Calculations for Rotor Position Estimation of a DFIG 基于有功功率计算的新型无传感器MRAS用于DFIG转子位置估计
Pub Date : 2011-05-23 DOI: 10.1155/2011/970364
G. Marques, D. Sousa
A sensorless method for the estimation of the rotor position of the wound-rotor induction machine is described in this paper. The method is based on the MRAS methodology and consists in the comparison of two models for the evaluation of the active power transferred across the air gap: the reference model and the adaptive model. The reference model obtains the power transferred across the air gap using directly available and measured stator variables. The adaptive model obtains the same quantity in function of electromotive forces and rotor currents that are measurable on the rotor position, which is under estimation. The method does not need any information about the stator or rotor flux and can be implemented in the rotor or in the stator reference frames with a hysteresis or with a PI controller. The stability analysis gives an unstable region on the rotor current dq plane. Simulation and experimental results show that the method is appropriate for the vector control of the doubly fed induction machine under the stability region.
本文提出了一种无传感器的绕线转子感应电机转子位置估计方法。该方法以MRAS方法为基础,比较了参考模型和自适应模型两种评估气隙传输有功功率的模型。参考模型通过直接可用的定子变量和测量的定子变量来获得通过气隙传递的功率。自适应模型得到的电动势和转子电流的函数值与转子位置的可测值相同,但对转子位置的估计不足。该方法不需要任何关于定子或转子磁链的信息,并且可以在带有磁滞或PI控制器的转子或定子参考系中实现。稳定性分析给出了转子电流dq平面上的一个不稳定区域。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法适用于双馈感应电机在稳定域下的矢量控制。
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引用次数: 19
Investigation of SSR Characteristics of Hybrid Series Compensated Power System with SSSC 带SSSC混合串联补偿电力系统的SSR特性研究
Pub Date : 2011-05-22 DOI: 10.1155/2011/621818
R. Thirumalaivasan, M. Janaki, N. Prabhu
The advent of series FACTS controllers, thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and static synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) has made it possible not only for the fast control of power flow in a transmission line, but also for the mitigation of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) in the presence of fixed series capacitors. SSSC is an emerging controller and this paper presents SSR characteristics of a series compensated system with SSSC. The study system is adapted from IEEE first benchmark model (FBM). The active series compensation is provided by a three-level twenty four-pulse SSSC. The modeling and control details of a three level voltage source converter-(VSC)-based SSSC are discussed. The SSR characteristics of the combined system with constant reactive voltage control mode in SSSC has been investigated. It is shown that the constant reactive voltage control of SSSC has the effect of reducing the electrical resonance frequency, which detunes the SSR. The analysis of SSR with SSSC is carried out based on frequency domain method, eigenvalue analysis and transient simulation. While the eigenvalue and damping torque analysis are based on linearizing the D-Q model of SSSC, the transient simulation considers both D-Q and detailed three phase nonlinear system model using switching functions.
串联FACTS控制器、晶闸管控制串联电容器(TCSC)和静态同步串联补偿器(SSSC)的出现,不仅可以快速控制传输线中的功率流,而且可以缓解固定串联电容器存在时的次同步谐振(SSR)。SSSC是一种新兴的控制器,本文介绍了基于SSSC的串联补偿系统的SSR特性。该研究系统采用IEEE第一基准模型(FBM)。主动串联补偿由一个三电平24脉冲SSSC提供。讨论了基于三电平电压源变换器(VSC)的SSSC的建模和控制细节。研究了恒无功电压控制方式下并联系统的SSR特性。结果表明,恒无功电压控制具有降低电谐振频率的作用,从而使SSR失谐。基于频域法、特征值分析和瞬态仿真对SSSC进行了SSR分析。特征值和阻尼力矩分析是基于对SSSC的D-Q模型进行线性化,而瞬态仿真则同时考虑D-Q和使用开关函数的详细三相非线性系统模型。
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引用次数: 7
Flash FPGA-Based Numerical Pulse-Width Modulator 基于Flash fpga的数字脉宽调制器
Pub Date : 2011-04-04 DOI: 10.1155/2011/215376
Ricardo Arias, Hernán Mediote, H. Tacca
A pulse-width modulator to drive three-phase AC motors is described. It performs a numerical modulation technique, also known as optimum or calculated modulation, but, in order to reduce hardware resources, a hybrid approach merging that calculated modulation with proportional modulation is proposed. The modulator is tested in a flash-based field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation.
介绍了一种用于驱动三相交流电动机的脉宽调制器。它执行一种数值调制技术,也称为最优调制或计算调制,但是,为了减少硬件资源,提出了一种混合方法,将计算调制与比例调制合并。该调制器在基于闪存的现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现中进行了测试。
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引用次数: 1
A Substrate Current Less Control Method for CMOS Integration of Power Bridges 一种用于功率桥CMOS集成的衬底小电流控制方法
Pub Date : 2010-09-23 DOI: 10.1155/2010/909612
J. Krupar, Heiko Hauswald, Ronny Naumann
Modern electronical devices use high integration to decrease device size and cost and to increase reliability. More and moredevices appear that integrate even power devices into VLSI circuits. When driving inductive loads, this is a critical step becausefreewheeling at a power device appears. In these applications usually special technologies with extra wells for the power devices,SOI technologies, or BiCMOS technologies are required to suppress any substrate current. However, the use of these technologiesresults in higher production cost for the device. We present a method to control the freewheeling actively. Using this approach weare able to integrate the power devices using a normal CMOS technology.
现代电子设备采用高集成度来减小设备尺寸和成本,并提高可靠性。越来越多的器件甚至将功率器件集成到VLSI电路中。当驱动感应负载时,这是一个关键的步骤,因为在电力设备上出现了自由旋转。在这些应用中,通常需要特殊的技术,为功率器件提供额外的井,SOI技术或BiCMOS技术来抑制衬底电流。然而,这些技术的使用导致设备的生产成本更高。提出了一种主动控制随意性的方法。使用这种方法,我们可以使用普通的CMOS技术集成功率器件。
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引用次数: 0
A Loosely Coupled Planar Wireless Power Transfer System Supporting Multiple Receivers 支持多接收机的松耦合平面无线电力传输系统
Pub Date : 2010-06-01 DOI: 10.1155/2010/546529
Z. Low, J. Casanova, Jenshan Lin
A high-efficiency wireless power transfer system which is capable of supporting more than one receiver using class E operation for transmitter via inductive coupling has been designed and fabricated. The design approach of the system is also presented in this paper. The system requires no complex external control system but relies on its natural impedance response to achieve the desired power delivery profile across a wide range of load resistances while maintaining high efficiency to prevent any heating issues. A switch circuit is used to decouple the fully charged receiver from the system so that power delivery to the other receiver can be improved. The fabricated system at 12 V supply voltage is compact and capable of approximately 2.5 W of power delivery to each of the two receivers in a dual receiver setup and 5 W to a single receiver alone or when the other receiver is decoupled by the receiver switch. During high-power delivery state, the system efficiency is between 67.5% and 77.5%.
设计并制造了一种高效的无线电力传输系统,该系统能够支持一个以上的接收器,通过电感耦合对发射器使用E类操作。本文还介绍了系统的设计方法。该系统不需要复杂的外部控制系统,而是依靠其自然阻抗响应,在广泛的负载电阻范围内实现所需的功率输送曲线,同时保持高效率,防止任何加热问题。开关电路用于将充满电的接收器与系统解耦,以便改善向另一个接收器的电力输送。在12v供电电压下,制造的系统结构紧凑,能够向双接收器设置中的两个接收器分别提供约2.5 W的功率,并且能够单独向单个接收器提供5w的功率,或者当另一个接收器通过接收器开关解耦时。大功率输出时,系统效率在67.5% ~ 77.5%之间。
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引用次数: 17
One Clock-Cycle Response 0.5 m CMOS Dual-Mode ΣΔ DC-DC Bypass Boost Converter Stable over Wide ESRLC Variations 单时钟周期响应0.5 m CMOS双模ΣΔ DC-DC旁路升压变换器在宽ESRLC变化下稳定
Pub Date : 2010-05-11 DOI: 10.1155/2010/253508
N. Keskar, G. Rincón-Mora
Power supplies in portable applications must not only conform and adapt to their highly integrated on-chip and in-package environments but also, more intrinsically, respond quickly to fast load dumps to achieve and maintain high accuracy. The frequency-compensation network, however, limits speed and regulation performance because it must cater to all combinations of filter capacitor 𝐶 𝑂 , inductor L, and 𝐶 𝑂 's equivalent series resistance 𝑅 E S R resulting from tolerance and modal design targets. As such, it must compensate the worst-case condition and therefore restrain the performance of all other possible scenarios, even if the likelihood of occurrence of the latter is considerably high and the former substantially low. Sigma-delta ( Σ Δ ) control, which addresses this issue in buck converters by easing its compensation requirements and offering one-cycle transient response, has not been able to simultaneously achieve high bandwidth, high accuracy, and wide 𝑅 E S R L C compliance in boost converters. This paper presents a dual-mode Σ Δ boost bypass converter, which by using a high-bandwidth bypass path only during transient load-dump events was experimentally 1.41 to 6 times faster than the state of the art in current-mode Σ Δ boost supplies, and this without any compromise in 𝑅 E S R L C compliance range (0–50 m Ω , 1–30  𝜇 H, and 1–350  𝜇 F).
便携式应用中的电源不仅必须符合并适应其高度集成的片上和封装环境,而且更本质地要对快速负载转储做出快速响应,以实现并保持高精度。然而,频率补偿网络限制了速度和调节性能,因为它必须满足滤波器电容器的所有组合,𝑂,电感器L,以及由公差和模态设计目标产生的𝑂等效串联电阻𝑅E s R。因此,它必须补偿最坏情况,从而限制所有其他可能情况的表现,即使后者发生的可能性相当高,而前者发生的可能性非常低。Sigma-delta (Σ Δ)控制通过简化其补偿要求和提供单周期瞬态响应来解决降压转换器中的此问题,但无法同时在升压转换器中实现高带宽,高精度和宽𝑅E S R L C合规性。本文提出了一种双模Σ Δ升压旁路转换器,该转换器仅在瞬态负载转储事件期间使用高带宽旁路,实验速度比当前模式Σ Δ升压电源的现有状态快1.41至6倍,并且在𝑅E S R L C符合范围(0-50 m Ω, 1-30℃H和1-350℃F)中没有任何妥协。
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引用次数: 0
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Advances in Power Electronic
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