Both the religious left and right make calls for followers to put faith into action. Priorities for action are affected by social and political realities. This paper examines themes conveyed by two distinct religious publications before and after the 2016 election. Both publications are published by organizations that wish to put faith into action. The method relies on the content analysis of one thousand nine hundred forty-three articles from Sojourners and Evangelicals during the Obama and Trump presidencies. While the results show differing emphases for each publication, emphases for each shifted after the 2016 election. Articles in Sojourners, a left-leaning publication with an interfaith readership, directly responded to presidential policy. Criticism of President Trump became a common theme. Articles in Evangelicals, a right leaning publication with diverse evangelical readership, in contrast, avoided controversial current events and did not directly discuss presidents, presidential policy, nor governments during either presidency; instead focusing on the challenge of pastoral work and civility after the 2016 election. Moreover, in both magazines, articles during the presidential administration conflicting more with the organization’s values, resulted in a wider range of themes, suggesting that opposition provides more opportunity to clarify and emphasize values and priorities.
{"title":"RELIGIOUS MESSAGES: THEMES IN RELIGIOUS LEFT AND RIGHT PUBLICATIONS DURING THE OBAMA AND TRUMP ADMINISTRATIONS","authors":"Joanna Kaftan","doi":"10.54561/prj1602289k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1602289k","url":null,"abstract":"Both the religious left and right make calls for followers to put faith into action. Priorities for action are affected by social and political realities. This paper examines themes conveyed by two distinct religious publications before and after the 2016 election. Both publications are published by organizations that wish to put faith into action. The method relies on the content analysis of one thousand nine hundred forty-three articles from Sojourners and Evangelicals during the Obama and Trump presidencies. While the results show differing emphases for each publication, emphases for each shifted after the 2016 election. Articles in Sojourners, a left-leaning publication with an interfaith readership, directly responded to presidential policy. Criticism of President Trump became a common theme. Articles in Evangelicals, a right leaning publication with diverse evangelical readership, in contrast, avoided controversial current events and did not directly discuss presidents, presidential policy, nor governments during either presidency; instead focusing on the challenge of pastoral work and civility after the 2016 election. Moreover, in both magazines, articles during the presidential administration conflicting more with the organization’s values, resulted in a wider range of themes, suggesting that opposition provides more opportunity to clarify and emphasize values and priorities.","PeriodicalId":41271,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Religion Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44795305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The worship of “108 Chiêu Ứng Anh Liệt (Efficacy and Heroic Martyrs)” of the Hainan Chinese had its primary form taken place long time ago in Hainan Island but was then standardized and formalized in Vietnam after one incident occurred on the central coast of the country. In 1851, a group of Hainanese merchants were unjustly killed offshore. In the same year, they were vindicated and ordained by King Tự Đức of the Nguyễn Vietnam. With imperial sanction, the worship easily transformed its sacred symbolisms, thus becoming a public cult and significant landmark of the Hainan Chinese communities in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. The cult followed the Hainanese merchants in spreading to Hainan Island of China. From the perspective of cultural studies, combined with historical research and fieldwork methods, the authors find out that this expansion is not spontaneous. Nonetheless, it contains the collective consciousness and rhetorical narratives of the Hainanese community. The worship of 108 Chiêu Ứng Anh Liệt has to a certain extent become a symbol of the “going-upstream spirit” of the community, which covers hidden cultural and political discourse in a cross-border context.
海南人对“108 Chiêu Ứng Anh Liệt”(效能和英雄烈士)的崇拜，在很早以前就发生在海南岛，后来在越南中部沿海发生了一件事，使其规范化和正规化。1851年，一群海南商人在海外被不公正地杀害。同年，他们得到了Nguyễn越南国王Đức的平反和任命。在皇帝的批准下，这种崇拜很容易转变其神圣的象征，从而成为越南和东南亚海南华人社区的公共崇拜和重要地标。该邪教跟随海南商人传播到中国海南岛。从文化研究的角度，结合历史研究和田野调查的方法，笔者发现这种扩张并不是自发的。然而，它包含了海南社区的集体意识和修辞叙事。108 Chiêu Ứng Anh Liệt的崇拜在一定程度上成为了社区“逆流精神”的象征，它在跨界语境中隐藏着文化和政治话语。
{"title":"THE FORMALIZATION AND INTENSIFICATION OF RITUALS: THE CULT OF “108 EFFICACY AND HEROIC MARTYRS” IN VIETNAM","authors":"Ngọc Thơ Nguyễn, Thị Bích Thủy Trần","doi":"10.54561/prj1602259n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1602259n","url":null,"abstract":"The worship of “108 Chiêu Ứng Anh Liệt (Efficacy and Heroic Martyrs)” of the Hainan Chinese had its primary form taken place long time ago in Hainan Island but was then standardized and formalized in Vietnam after one incident occurred on the central coast of the country. In 1851, a group of Hainanese merchants were unjustly killed offshore. In the same year, they were vindicated and ordained by King Tự Đức of the Nguyễn Vietnam. With imperial sanction, the worship easily transformed its sacred symbolisms, thus becoming a public cult and significant landmark of the Hainan Chinese communities in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. The cult followed the Hainanese merchants in spreading to Hainan Island of China. From the perspective of cultural studies, combined with historical research and fieldwork methods, the authors find out that this expansion is not spontaneous. Nonetheless, it contains the collective consciousness and rhetorical narratives of the Hainanese community. The worship of 108 Chiêu Ứng Anh Liệt has to a certain extent become a symbol of the “going-upstream spirit” of the community, which covers hidden cultural and political discourse in a cross-border context.","PeriodicalId":41271,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Religion Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70849579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article explores the attempts, state, and challenges of developing external relations and representation in the international arena for Ukrainian Orthodox churches since the gaining of Ukraine’s independence in 1991. Despite the fact that Ukraine has the second largest Orthodox community in the world, Ukrainian churches are either excluded from international interreligious platforms or represented through foreign religious centres, primarily Russian. This situation developed during the Soviet era and was dominant until recently. To some extent, the request for an international presence and agency is correlated with changes in the Ukrainian state and escalated after the beginning of Russian military aggression. The culmination of that process became the granting of autocephaly for the Orthodox community in Ukraine, potentially opening new possibilities for international actorness. The research relies on current and historical documents that regulate(-ed) religious life in Ukraine, documents of international and religious organisations, statements of religious leaders and interfaith organisations, and surveys on religious freedom or religion in Ukraine.
{"title":"NEGOTIATING THE RIGHT FOR EXTERNAL RELATIONS: THE CASE OF ORTHODOX COMMUNITY IN UKRAINE","authors":"Julia Korniichuk","doi":"10.54561/prj1602313k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1602313k","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the attempts, state, and challenges of developing external relations and representation in the international arena for Ukrainian Orthodox churches since the gaining of Ukraine’s independence in 1991. Despite the fact that Ukraine has the second largest Orthodox community in the world, Ukrainian churches are either excluded from international interreligious platforms or represented through foreign religious centres, primarily Russian. This situation developed during the Soviet era and was dominant until recently. To some extent, the request for an international presence and agency is correlated with changes in the Ukrainian state and escalated after the beginning of Russian military aggression. The culmination of that process became the granting of autocephaly for the Orthodox community in Ukraine, potentially opening new possibilities for international actorness. The research relies on current and historical documents that regulate(-ed) religious life in Ukraine, documents of international and religious organisations, statements of religious leaders and interfaith organisations, and surveys on religious freedom or religion in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":41271,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Religion Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41871080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on Myanmar Buddhist context, the meaning of the Pali word Sasana refers to the set of teachings of Buddha which has been considered intact in its purest form since it originated from Buddha Himself. As time went by, the said set of precepts might have faced some modifications according to taste and liking of those who embraced it. As a result, it is not assured that the Sasana in Myanmar Buddhist context is still intact in its original form. Myanmar history had depicted the 19th century as an era of Buddhism where it flourished like the Sun and the Moon, so to speak. Furthermore, the Sasana was said to have been refined and propagated during the reign of Mandalay Kings particularly during King Mindon’s reign (1853-1878). While the kingdom’s political and economic state were unstable, the king and his people made significant investments in various kinds of religious works of merit-making. Although every Myanmar king in history stood as the protector of religion and supported the religion and Sangha (community of monks), the extent to which King Mindon devoted his efforts to support the religion still raised many political questions. An analysis on the said allegation would entail gaining in-depth insights into the beliefs and practices of Buddhism by people from the Mandalay Period, the role of the Sangha in the preservation, and the protection of the Sasana.
{"title":"BUDDHISM IN THE MANDALAY PERIOD (1852-1885): A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT","authors":"M. Thant","doi":"10.54561/prj1602205t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1602205t","url":null,"abstract":"Based on Myanmar Buddhist context, the meaning of the Pali word Sasana refers to the set of teachings of Buddha which has been considered intact in its purest form since it originated from Buddha Himself. As time went by, the said set of precepts might have faced some modifications according to taste and liking of those who embraced it. As a result, it is not assured that the Sasana in Myanmar Buddhist context is still intact in its original form. Myanmar history had depicted the 19th century as an era of Buddhism where it flourished like the Sun and the Moon, so to speak. Furthermore, the Sasana was said to have been refined and propagated during the reign of Mandalay Kings particularly during King Mindon’s reign (1853-1878). While the kingdom’s political and economic state were unstable, the king and his people made significant investments in various kinds of religious works of merit-making. Although every Myanmar king in history stood as the protector of religion and supported the religion and Sangha (community of monks), the extent to which King Mindon devoted his efforts to support the religion still raised many political questions. An analysis on the said allegation would entail gaining in-depth insights into the beliefs and practices of Buddhism by people from the Mandalay Period, the role of the Sangha in the preservation, and the protection of the Sasana.","PeriodicalId":41271,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Religion Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45356339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is an attempt to show that the doctrine of the separation of Church and State is enshrined in the laws of the Republic of the Philippines and that Philippine jurisprudence has repeatedly referred to this doctrine in the resolution of cases that deal with the intersections of the Church and State. It moreover argues that the understanding of this doctrine in Philippine law and jurisprudence, though borrowed largely from the West, could not be interpreted to an extent where public expressions of religion and the involvement of churches in public life become prohibited. Instead, the application of this doctrine in the context of the Philippines is primarily aimed at safeguarding the welfare of religion. This, therefore, implies that religions and churches are never impeded in their actions even in public life as long as they do not pose clear and present harm to the people. This in turn becomes an invitation for religions and churches to become truthful to their mission of working for the wellbeing of the people, even if it also implies that to effectively carry out that mission, churches themselves, and especially the Catholic Church, must continuously exercise its reflective attention to what it is called to do and must do, especially in times when her service and voice are needed by the people.
{"title":"THE SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE IN THE CURRENT PHILIPPINE CONTEXT","authors":"J. Sagut","doi":"10.54561/prj1602217s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1602217s","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an attempt to show that the doctrine of the separation of Church and State is enshrined in the laws of the Republic of the Philippines and that Philippine jurisprudence has repeatedly referred to this doctrine in the resolution of cases that deal with the intersections of the Church and State. It moreover argues that the understanding of this doctrine in Philippine law and jurisprudence, though borrowed largely from the West, could not be interpreted to an extent where public expressions of religion and the involvement of churches in public life become prohibited. Instead, the application of this doctrine in the context of the Philippines is primarily aimed at safeguarding the welfare of religion. This, therefore, implies that religions and churches are never impeded in their actions even in public life as long as they do not pose clear and present harm to the people. This in turn becomes an invitation for religions and churches to become truthful to their mission of working for the wellbeing of the people, even if it also implies that to effectively carry out that mission, churches themselves, and especially the Catholic Church, must continuously exercise its reflective attention to what it is called to do and must do, especially in times when her service and voice are needed by the people.","PeriodicalId":41271,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Religion Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48406299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"„RELIGION AND NATIONALISM IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE”","authors":"Milan Veselica","doi":"10.54561/prj1602337v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1602337v","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41271,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Religion Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44365407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It can be noticed that the practice of Buddhism in Thailand goes beyond the four walls of a Buddhist temple simply because members are expected to incorporate their faith into their way of life. Such being the case, this article examines how the Eightfold Path of the Buddhist tradition is being integrated into various aspects of Thai life especially when His Royal Highness King Bhumibol Aduljadej initiated in 1997 the philosophy of Self-Sufficiency Economy and inspired His people to fulfill it. The said model puts a high premium on living and behaving for the people by considering moderation, rationality, immunity (prudence), and the use of knowledge guided by moral precepts from the family level as components necessary for surviving crises and achieving sustainability amidst social, political, economic, and environmental concerns due to the impact of globalization. This article substantiates how the Self-Sufficiency Economy has been realized in different areas of Thai society by presenting holistic efforts or concrete cases that indicate the Eightfold Path among Thais using aesthetic appreciation theory. Thus, this paper describes how the Thai Royal Government and Buddhism fulfill their shared responsibility in maintaining balanced economic forces, environmental preservation, cultural and spiritual values, and good governance.
{"title":"REALIZING SELF-SUFFICIENCY ECONOMY THROUGH THE EIGHTFOLD PATH: A SHARED RESPONSIBILITY BETWEEN THE THAI ROYAL GOVERNMENT AND THE BUDDHIST FAITH","authors":"Wanlapha Phongphan, Mia Borromeo-Eballo","doi":"10.54561/prj1602239p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1602239p","url":null,"abstract":"It can be noticed that the practice of Buddhism in Thailand goes beyond the four walls of a Buddhist temple simply because members are expected to incorporate their faith into their way of life. Such being the case, this article examines how the Eightfold Path of the Buddhist tradition is being integrated into various aspects of Thai life especially when His Royal Highness King Bhumibol Aduljadej initiated in 1997 the philosophy of Self-Sufficiency Economy and inspired His people to fulfill it. The said model puts a high premium on living and behaving for the people by considering moderation, rationality, immunity (prudence), and the use of knowledge guided by moral precepts from the family level as components necessary for surviving crises and achieving sustainability amidst social, political, economic, and environmental concerns due to the impact of globalization. This article substantiates how the Self-Sufficiency Economy has been realized in different areas of Thai society by presenting holistic efforts or concrete cases that indicate the Eightfold Path among Thais using aesthetic appreciation theory. Thus, this paper describes how the Thai Royal Government and Buddhism fulfill their shared responsibility in maintaining balanced economic forces, environmental preservation, cultural and spiritual values, and good governance.","PeriodicalId":41271,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Religion Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48290516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After its victory over Greece and the Treaty of Lausanne, the Turkish Republic declared its inability to bear the responsibility for Muslims. For the second time in the history of Islam, the Muslim World found itself without an institution representing them, speaking on their behalf, and defending their causes. This resounding collapse of historic Ottoman Caliphate caused peaceful and violent reactions from time to time, which continues to echo in the horizons of the Muslim World as of today. This paper explores efforts made by the governments of the Muslim majority countries and their peoples through popular and governmental conferences, with the aim of establishing global/ international organizations with legal status that includes representatives of Muslim countries and communities, and work to support Muslim solidarity and unity.
{"title":"GLOBAL ORGANIZATIONS IN MUSLIM WORLD: ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION","authors":"B. A. Ansari, Amer A. Murshed","doi":"10.54561/prj1601027a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1601027a","url":null,"abstract":"After its victory over Greece and the Treaty of Lausanne, the Turkish Republic declared its inability to bear the responsibility for Muslims. For the second time in the history of Islam, the Muslim World found itself without an institution representing them, speaking on their behalf, and defending their causes. This resounding collapse of historic Ottoman Caliphate caused peaceful and violent reactions from time to time, which continues to echo in the horizons of the Muslim World as of today. This paper explores efforts made by the governments of the Muslim majority countries and their peoples through popular and governmental conferences, with the aim of establishing global/ international organizations with legal status that includes representatives of Muslim countries and communities, and work to support Muslim solidarity and unity.","PeriodicalId":41271,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Religion Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46843537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"„GOD AT WAR: A MEDITATION ON RELIGION AND WARFARE“","authors":"Čedomir Božić","doi":"10.54561/prj1601159b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1601159b","url":null,"abstract":"Book review.","PeriodicalId":41271,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Religion Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46521675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Muslim World League is a nominally non-governmental Islamic organisation based in Saudi Arabia. From its founding in 1962 until relatively recently, it mainly focused on promulgating the archetypal Islamic fundamentals and practices across the Muslim world in line with the vision of the Saudi state. An early indicator that this mission was giving way to a more dynamic and, relatively, liberal position was an interfaith initiative by the league in 2008 that resulted in the Makkah Appeal. The league’s new interfaith programme was then introduced to the world ten days later when it convened the Madrid Conference. But it was not until 2016/2017 with the coming to office of its present secretary-general, Dr. Al-Issa, and the Saudi Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman, that the league radically expanded and diversified its interfaith dialogue initiatives. This article examines a mixed sample of these initiatives to give a sense of how the league’s interfaith programme has evolved in recent years. It then gives an analysis of the factors likely to be driving these changes, the aims they seem oriented to achieve, and what directions they might take in future.
{"title":"INTERFAITH OUTREACH OF THE MUSLIM WORLD LEAGUE: TRENDS, CAUSES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS","authors":"M. Husain","doi":"10.54561/prj1601045h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1601045h","url":null,"abstract":"The Muslim World League is a nominally non-governmental Islamic organisation based in Saudi Arabia. From its founding in 1962 until relatively recently, it mainly focused on promulgating the archetypal Islamic fundamentals and practices across the Muslim world in line with the vision of the Saudi state. An early indicator that this mission was giving way to a more dynamic and, relatively, liberal position was an interfaith initiative by the league in 2008 that resulted in the Makkah Appeal. The league’s new interfaith programme was then introduced to the world ten days later when it convened the Madrid Conference. But it was not until 2016/2017 with the coming to office of its present secretary-general, Dr. Al-Issa, and the Saudi Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman, that the league radically expanded and diversified its interfaith dialogue initiatives. This article examines a mixed sample of these initiatives to give a sense of how the league’s interfaith programme has evolved in recent years. It then gives an analysis of the factors likely to be driving these changes, the aims they seem oriented to achieve, and what directions they might take in future.","PeriodicalId":41271,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Religion Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44306285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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