Alireza Omranzadeh, A. Baradaran, A. Ghodsi, S. Arekhi, M. Dadgarmoghaddam, Amin Mirshekaran, Amirreza Dehghan Tarazjani, B. Fazeli
Abstract Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a genetic disease with inflammatory basis. Several studies have assessed the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in detecting this inflammation; however, no systematic review or meta-analysis has assessed these studies together. The aim of this study is to systematically review and meta-analyze the NLR value between FMF patients and normal controls. Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ISI Web of Science were searched using predesigned search strategy to find the studies that assessed NLR in FMF patients and compared the value with normal controls. There was no time limitation. Finally, two researchers extracted data including first author name, publication year, the country, study design, number of patients and controls, time of disease diagnosis, FMF diagnostic criteria, mean age of the patients, and the NLR value. The data were systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed. In total, 464 articles were found on search; however, only 12 studies qualified for enrollment in the systematic review and 10 studies, with appropriate effect size, in the meta-analysis. These studies were conducted between 2013 and 2019. Eleven studies were conducted in Turkey and one in Egypt. Out of 12 studies, 9 had enrollment criteria for FMF patients: 8 studies used Tel Hashomer criteria and 1 study used Yalçinkaya–Özen criteria. All studies, except for two, had genetic confirmation for FMF. The mean NLR values in attack-free (standard difference in means = 0.482; p < 0.0001) and attack groups (standard difference in means = 0.853; p = 0.001) were significantly higher than control group. The mean NLR value may be related to the underlying inflammation in FMF.
摘要家族性地中海热是一种以炎症为基础的遗传性疾病。几项研究评估了中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率（NLR）在检测这种炎症中的作用；然而，没有系统综述或荟萃分析对这些研究进行综合评估。本研究的目的是系统地回顾和荟萃分析FMF患者和正常对照组之间的NLR值。Scopus、PubMed、Embase和ISI Web of Science使用预先设计的搜索策略进行搜索，以找到评估FMF患者NLR并将其值与正常对照进行比较的研究。没有时间限制。最后，两名研究人员提取了数据，包括第一作者姓名、发表年份、国家、研究设计、患者和对照人数、疾病诊断时间、FMF诊断标准、患者平均年龄和NLR值。对数据进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。在搜索中总共找到464篇文章；然而，只有12项研究符合系统综述的入选条件，10项研究符合荟萃分析的适当效应大小。这些研究是在2013年至2019年期间进行的。在土耳其进行了11项研究，在埃及进行了1项研究。在12项研究中，9项研究有FMF患者的入选标准：8项研究使用Tel-Hashomer标准，1项研究使用Yalçinkaya–Özen标准。除两项研究外，所有研究都证实了FMF的基因。无攻击时的平均NLR值（平均值的标准差 = 0.482；p < 0.0001）和发作组（平均值的标准差 = 0.853；p = 0.001）显著高于对照组。平均NLR值可能与FMF的潜在炎症有关。
{"title":"Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker in Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Alireza Omranzadeh, A. Baradaran, A. Ghodsi, S. Arekhi, M. Dadgarmoghaddam, Amin Mirshekaran, Amirreza Dehghan Tarazjani, B. Fazeli","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1728730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728730","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a genetic disease with inflammatory basis. Several studies have assessed the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in detecting this inflammation; however, no systematic review or meta-analysis has assessed these studies together. The aim of this study is to systematically review and meta-analyze the NLR value between FMF patients and normal controls. Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ISI Web of Science were searched using predesigned search strategy to find the studies that assessed NLR in FMF patients and compared the value with normal controls. There was no time limitation. Finally, two researchers extracted data including first author name, publication year, the country, study design, number of patients and controls, time of disease diagnosis, FMF diagnostic criteria, mean age of the patients, and the NLR value. The data were systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed. In total, 464 articles were found on search; however, only 12 studies qualified for enrollment in the systematic review and 10 studies, with appropriate effect size, in the meta-analysis. These studies were conducted between 2013 and 2019. Eleven studies were conducted in Turkey and one in Egypt. Out of 12 studies, 9 had enrollment criteria for FMF patients: 8 studies used Tel Hashomer criteria and 1 study used Yalçinkaya–Özen criteria. All studies, except for two, had genetic confirmation for FMF. The mean NLR values in attack-free (standard difference in means = 0.482; p < 0.0001) and attack groups (standard difference in means = 0.853; p = 0.001) were significantly higher than control group. The mean NLR value may be related to the underlying inflammation in FMF.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"e100 - e109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43275544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Karaci, Şirin Güven, A. Boğa, F. Varol, Sümeyra Çalışkan, Ezgi Sayman, Gözde Ercan, Beril Kara, H. Çam
Abstract Background The diagnostic and treatment strategies for children are limited because of the small number of children with COVID-19. A large proportion of infected children are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. We report our experience regarding clinical characteristics, laboratory, radiologic findings, and outcomes of children with COVID-19. Materials and Methods This retrospective single-center study was conducted on children with COVID-19. The data on epidemiologic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory, and radiologic findings of patients were extracted from the hospital information management system records, and patients' forms filled upon admission. Results The median age of children was 121 months, 46.8% of the patients were females and 53.2% were males. Of the 581 children assessed, a total of 222 (38.2%) had positive test results; 69 of them (31.1%) were asymptomatic. The median absolute lymphocyte and eosinophil counts were statistically significantly lower in symptomatic children (p = 0.001; p = 0.02). Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was statistically significantly higher in the symptomatic children (p = 0.001). Of 72 computed tomography scans, 35 (48.6%) were normal, and only 29 (40%) were consistent with classic/probable/indeterminate COVID-19 predominant pattern. Conclusion Our results showed a few laboratory abnormalities in asymptomatic polymerase chain reaction positive children; therefore, unnecessary investigation might be avoided and clinicians should consider clinical symptoms.
{"title":"Should We Perform Laboratory and Radiographic Evaluations for All Children with COVID-19?: A Single-Center Experience","authors":"M. Karaci, Şirin Güven, A. Boğa, F. Varol, Sümeyra Çalışkan, Ezgi Sayman, Gözde Ercan, Beril Kara, H. Çam","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1729630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1729630","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The diagnostic and treatment strategies for children are limited because of the small number of children with COVID-19. A large proportion of infected children are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. We report our experience regarding clinical characteristics, laboratory, radiologic findings, and outcomes of children with COVID-19. Materials and Methods This retrospective single-center study was conducted on children with COVID-19. The data on epidemiologic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory, and radiologic findings of patients were extracted from the hospital information management system records, and patients' forms filled upon admission. Results The median age of children was 121 months, 46.8% of the patients were females and 53.2% were males. Of the 581 children assessed, a total of 222 (38.2%) had positive test results; 69 of them (31.1%) were asymptomatic. The median absolute lymphocyte and eosinophil counts were statistically significantly lower in symptomatic children (p = 0.001; p = 0.02). Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was statistically significantly higher in the symptomatic children (p = 0.001). Of 72 computed tomography scans, 35 (48.6%) were normal, and only 29 (40%) were consistent with classic/probable/indeterminate COVID-19 predominant pattern. Conclusion Our results showed a few laboratory abnormalities in asymptomatic polymerase chain reaction positive children; therefore, unnecessary investigation might be avoided and clinicians should consider clinical symptoms.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"e93 - e99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0041-1729630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42378078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective Ultrasound (US) is an established imaging modality in adult sports medicine but is not commonly used in the diagnosis of pediatric sports conditions, such as Little League shoulder (LLS). This study was conducted to determine the reliability of US measurement of width of the physis at the proximal humerus in diagnosed LLS and to compare US to radiography (RA) in detecting a difference between the affected (dominant) (A) and unaffected (U) shoulders. Materials and Methods Ten male baseball players diagnosed with LLS were enrolled in the study. US images of the proximal humeral physis at the greater tuberosity of both shoulders were obtained by an US-trained sports medicine physician, and the physeal width was measured. Blinded to prior measurements, a separate physician performed measurements on the stored US images. Measurements were compared with RA on the anteroposterior (AP) view for both A and U at the time of the initial visit and for A at follow-up. Results The physeal width (mm) at A and U at the initial visit averaged 5.94 ± 1.69 and 4.36 ± 1.20 respectively on RA, and 4.15 ± 1.12 and 3.40 ± 0.85 on US. Median difference of averaged US measurements between A and U at initial evaluation was 0.75 mm (p = 0.00016). A linear model showed US measurements to be predictive of RA on A (R2 = 0.51) and U (R2 = 0.48). Conclusion US was able to reliably measure the width of the proximal humeral physis and detect a difference between A and U. US correlated well with RA (standard for LLS). US should be considered by the US-trained physician for the diagnosis of LLS.
{"title":"Investigation of Ultrasound as a Diagnostic Imaging Modality for Little League Shoulder","authors":"S. Fehr, Gunnar Whealy, X. Liu","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1735535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735535","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Ultrasound (US) is an established imaging modality in adult sports medicine but is not commonly used in the diagnosis of pediatric sports conditions, such as Little League shoulder (LLS). This study was conducted to determine the reliability of US measurement of width of the physis at the proximal humerus in diagnosed LLS and to compare US to radiography (RA) in detecting a difference between the affected (dominant) (A) and unaffected (U) shoulders. Materials and Methods Ten male baseball players diagnosed with LLS were enrolled in the study. US images of the proximal humeral physis at the greater tuberosity of both shoulders were obtained by an US-trained sports medicine physician, and the physeal width was measured. Blinded to prior measurements, a separate physician performed measurements on the stored US images. Measurements were compared with RA on the anteroposterior (AP) view for both A and U at the time of the initial visit and for A at follow-up. Results The physeal width (mm) at A and U at the initial visit averaged 5.94 ± 1.69 and 4.36 ± 1.20 respectively on RA, and 4.15 ± 1.12 and 3.40 ± 0.85 on US. Median difference of averaged US measurements between A and U at initial evaluation was 0.75 mm (p = 0.00016). A linear model showed US measurements to be predictive of RA on A (R2 = 0.51) and U (R2 = 0.48). Conclusion US was able to reliably measure the width of the proximal humeral physis and detect a difference between A and U. US correlated well with RA (standard for LLS). US should be considered by the US-trained physician for the diagnosis of LLS.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"e240 - e244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44476142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ajay Prakash, S. Venkatesh, Srinivasan Sadagopan, S. Palanisamy
Abstract Background Growth potential is influenced by race, ethnicity, and environmental factors and assessment of growth using standardized charts is important for quality improvement initiatives in health care delivery and public health interventions of any nation. Objective This article aims to develop regional gestational age and gender-specific reference for birth weight and to compare it with published literature. Methodology This study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Puducherry, India and included 2,507 singleton babies. Babies with major congenital anomalies, maternal chronic illness, and nonavailability of first trimester dating scan were excluded. Detailed anthropometric measurement was done for these babies by single investigator as per established norms, their gestation- and sex-specific mean weight and weight percentiles were calculated and compared with existing data. Results Both 10th and 90th percentiles were lower across all gestational ages compared with existing international standards. The proportion of late preterm and term small for gestational age (SGA) babies was 23% using Fenton-2013 reference chart, 14% using Intergrowth-21 chart, and 10% using the current study data (p < 0.0001). The proportion of large for gestational age (LGA) babies was 8.5%, using study data. Mean birth weight of male and female term babies born to primiparae were significantly higher compared with multiparae (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Conclusion Indian babies may be overdiagnosed as SGA or underdiagnosed as LGA based on existing western standards in which our patient population is underrepresented. There is a need for gestational age-, gender-, and parity-specific regional growth charts for better characterization of anthropometric measures of Indian babies.
{"title":"Regional Gestational Age and Gender-Specific Birth Weight Reference Charts and its Comparison with Existing National and International Standards: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Ajay Prakash, S. Venkatesh, Srinivasan Sadagopan, S. Palanisamy","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1740464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740464","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Growth potential is influenced by race, ethnicity, and environmental factors and assessment of growth using standardized charts is important for quality improvement initiatives in health care delivery and public health interventions of any nation. Objective This article aims to develop regional gestational age and gender-specific reference for birth weight and to compare it with published literature. Methodology This study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Puducherry, India and included 2,507 singleton babies. Babies with major congenital anomalies, maternal chronic illness, and nonavailability of first trimester dating scan were excluded. Detailed anthropometric measurement was done for these babies by single investigator as per established norms, their gestation- and sex-specific mean weight and weight percentiles were calculated and compared with existing data. Results Both 10th and 90th percentiles were lower across all gestational ages compared with existing international standards. The proportion of late preterm and term small for gestational age (SGA) babies was 23% using Fenton-2013 reference chart, 14% using Intergrowth-21 chart, and 10% using the current study data (p < 0.0001). The proportion of large for gestational age (LGA) babies was 8.5%, using study data. Mean birth weight of male and female term babies born to primiparae were significantly higher compared with multiparae (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Conclusion Indian babies may be overdiagnosed as SGA or underdiagnosed as LGA based on existing western standards in which our patient population is underrepresented. There is a need for gestational age-, gender-, and parity-specific regional growth charts for better characterization of anthropometric measures of Indian babies.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"e306 - e312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44015160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ebrahimi, Hosein Alimadadi, M. Najafi, M. Vasei, P. Rahmani
Abstract A very limited amount of data are available regarding the follow-up of celiac disease (CD) treatment in Iran. The aim of this study is to investigate antitissue transglutaminase (atTG) normalization interval and the associated factors in CD patients. This retrospective study included CD patients enrolled in Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The initial atTG titer and histological evaluation (with Marsh grade ≥2) were recorded. The atTG titer was assessed in each follow-up until the time of normalization where children were strictly on gluten-free diet. The age at the time of diagnosis, gender, Marsh grade at the time of diagnosis, other comorbidities, and family history of CD patients were recorded to determine the association of these factors with antibody normalization interval. In total, 71 patients were recruited in the study of which 34 (47.89%) subjects had atTG level below 20 U/mL at the average interval of 31.36 ( ± 2.89) months (95% confidence interval: 25.7–37.02). There was no significant difference between the antibody normalization interval and different age ranges and Marsh grade. Cox regression demonstrated that gender, age ranges, Marsh grade, positive family history of CD, and the presence of comorbidities did not significantly predict longer antibody normalization interval.
{"title":"Investigation of Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody Normalization in Response to Gluten-Free Diet in Children with Celiac Disease","authors":"M. Ebrahimi, Hosein Alimadadi, M. Najafi, M. Vasei, P. Rahmani","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1724033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1724033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A very limited amount of data are available regarding the follow-up of celiac disease (CD) treatment in Iran. The aim of this study is to investigate antitissue transglutaminase (atTG) normalization interval and the associated factors in CD patients. This retrospective study included CD patients enrolled in Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The initial atTG titer and histological evaluation (with Marsh grade ≥2) were recorded. The atTG titer was assessed in each follow-up until the time of normalization where children were strictly on gluten-free diet. The age at the time of diagnosis, gender, Marsh grade at the time of diagnosis, other comorbidities, and family history of CD patients were recorded to determine the association of these factors with antibody normalization interval. In total, 71 patients were recruited in the study of which 34 (47.89%) subjects had atTG level below 20 U/mL at the average interval of 31.36 ( ± 2.89) months (95% confidence interval: 25.7–37.02). There was no significant difference between the antibody normalization interval and different age ranges and Marsh grade. Cox regression demonstrated that gender, age ranges, Marsh grade, positive family history of CD, and the presence of comorbidities did not significantly predict longer antibody normalization interval.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"e60 - e64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0041-1724033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41644034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Jarahi, Rahil Mahmoudi, M. Yazd, Hamidreza Ghodsi, M. Ramezani, Alireza Omranzadeh
Abstract Many antenatal sonographies are out of indication and may be asked due to mothers' requests or other factors. However, these features are not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the association of sociodemographic, obstetric, and attitudinal factors that may affect the number of ultrasound scans. In a cross-sectional study in six hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 360 mothers who had a delivery or were expected to be near childbirth were enrolled in the study. The mean number of sonographies was compared between different study variables by using Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Pearson's Chi-squared tests. Moreover, the Spearman Rho test was used to assess the correlation between different variables and the number of sonographies. Totally, 300 cases remained in the study. The mean age of the mothers was 25.95 ± 4.77 years, and the average number of ultrasonographies was 3.50 ± 1.35. In case of sociodemographic features, the level of education (r = 0.23; p < 0.001) and several recent miscarriages (r = 0.140; p = 0.01) were correlated with number of sonographies. However, there was no association between maternal age and marriage age with several sonographies (p > 0.05). Furthermore, mothers with higher family income (p = 0.010), those with medical insurance (p = 0.010), those who had male fetuses (p = 0.020), those who were clerk or student (p = 0.003), and those who were not aware of the sonography risks (p = 0.020) had more requests for sonography. It seems that financial factors and awareness of sonography risks play an essential role in sonography requests by mothers.
{"title":"Association of Sociodemographic, Obstetric, and Attitudinal Factors with Prenatal Ultrasound in Mashhad, Iran","authors":"L. Jarahi, Rahil Mahmoudi, M. Yazd, Hamidreza Ghodsi, M. Ramezani, Alireza Omranzadeh","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1733872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733872","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many antenatal sonographies are out of indication and may be asked due to mothers' requests or other factors. However, these features are not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the association of sociodemographic, obstetric, and attitudinal factors that may affect the number of ultrasound scans. In a cross-sectional study in six hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 360 mothers who had a delivery or were expected to be near childbirth were enrolled in the study. The mean number of sonographies was compared between different study variables by using Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Pearson's Chi-squared tests. Moreover, the Spearman Rho test was used to assess the correlation between different variables and the number of sonographies. Totally, 300 cases remained in the study. The mean age of the mothers was 25.95 ± 4.77 years, and the average number of ultrasonographies was 3.50 ± 1.35. In case of sociodemographic features, the level of education (r = 0.23; p < 0.001) and several recent miscarriages (r = 0.140; p = 0.01) were correlated with number of sonographies. However, there was no association between maternal age and marriage age with several sonographies (p > 0.05). Furthermore, mothers with higher family income (p = 0.010), those with medical insurance (p = 0.010), those who had male fetuses (p = 0.020), those who were clerk or student (p = 0.003), and those who were not aware of the sonography risks (p = 0.020) had more requests for sonography. It seems that financial factors and awareness of sonography risks play an essential role in sonography requests by mothers.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"e222 - e226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49366530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Schweiger, P. Sanchez-Lara, Dor Markush, P. Nawathe
Abstract Our case describes the reintroduction of diazoxide despite life-threatening pulmonary hypertension in our infant due to lack of therapeutic options for congenital hyperinsulinism.
{"title":"Reintroduction of Diazoxide after Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension in a Patient with Transient Hyperinsulinism","authors":"B. Schweiger, P. Sanchez-Lara, Dor Markush, P. Nawathe","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1726462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726462","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Our case describes the reintroduction of diazoxide despite life-threatening pulmonary hypertension in our infant due to lack of therapeutic options for congenital hyperinsulinism.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"e80 - e82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0041-1726462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48911306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilker Onguc Aycan, Y. Taseli, H. Temel, B. Dinç, N. Coskunfirat, S. Sanli
Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for children are a challenge for anesthesiologists since the child must be sedated enough to stand still. But anesthetic drugs used for sedation might have serious side effects and monitorization resources and accessibility to the patient during MRI scan is limited. We retrospectively examined 977 pediatric patients' files who had MRI scans in our hospital. We observed that children received one of the four combinations of anesthetic drugs: group 1 received midazolam, propofol, and ketamine; group 2 received midazolam and ketamine; group 3 received midazolam and thiopental; and group 4 received midazolam and propofol combination for sedation. The patients in group 1 had significantly higher vomiting rates than the patients in group 4 (p = 0.005). We observed bronchospasm in patients in group 1 (p = 0.006) and group 3 (p = 0.001), more than in patients in group 4. Nausea and vomiting ratios were lower in group 4. In patients with nausea and vomiting within a week after the procedure, statistically significant lower neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio values (p = 0.012) were observed. All four anesthetic combinations used in the trial provided safe anesthesia for the children, during the MRI scan. The anesthetic choice must be made according to the procedure time and patient's comorbidities. In this trial, we observed minimum side effects with midazolam and propofol combination.
{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging under Sedation in Pediatric Patients: A Single-Institution Experience","authors":"Ilker Onguc Aycan, Y. Taseli, H. Temel, B. Dinç, N. Coskunfirat, S. Sanli","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1731335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731335","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for children are a challenge for anesthesiologists since the child must be sedated enough to stand still. But anesthetic drugs used for sedation might have serious side effects and monitorization resources and accessibility to the patient during MRI scan is limited. We retrospectively examined 977 pediatric patients' files who had MRI scans in our hospital. We observed that children received one of the four combinations of anesthetic drugs: group 1 received midazolam, propofol, and ketamine; group 2 received midazolam and ketamine; group 3 received midazolam and thiopental; and group 4 received midazolam and propofol combination for sedation. The patients in group 1 had significantly higher vomiting rates than the patients in group 4 (p = 0.005). We observed bronchospasm in patients in group 1 (p = 0.006) and group 3 (p = 0.001), more than in patients in group 4. Nausea and vomiting ratios were lower in group 4. In patients with nausea and vomiting within a week after the procedure, statistically significant lower neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio values (p = 0.012) were observed. All four anesthetic combinations used in the trial provided safe anesthesia for the children, during the MRI scan. The anesthetic choice must be made according to the procedure time and patient's comorbidities. In this trial, we observed minimum side effects with midazolam and propofol combination.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"e185 - e192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0041-1731335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43426544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Globally, infective group A rotavirus (RVA) enteric infection in children culminates in acute diarrheal disease, severe dehydration, and mortality in children under the age of 5 years, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This research sought to determine the prevalence of RVA diarrhea among children aged below 5 years in Ondo state, as one of the necessary frameworks before instituting a vaccine campaign, and to expand knowledge on the epidemiology of RVA diarrhea in Nigeria. In a cross-sectional descriptive study between October 2012 and September 2014, convenience sampling was adopted to obtain demographic information, clinical details, and stool samples from accented under five children who sought treatment for acute gastroenteritis at designated hospitals in Akure and Owo, Nigeria. A total of 390 stool samples were collected from children with acute diarrhea and tested for VP6 RVA antigen using enzyme immunoassay. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square at α 0.05. From the 390 children hospitalized for diarrhea, 240 samples (240/390; 61.5%) were from males, while 150 samples (150/390; 38.5%) were from females, representing a male:female ratio of 1.6:1. RVAs were found in 24.2% (58/240) males and 28% (42/150) females, giving a male-female ratio of 1:1.2 and total prevalence of 25.6% (100/390). RVA infection was inversely proportional to the age as a rate of 11.8% was observed in children aged above 36 months and 31.8% (35/110) in children 7 to 12 months, while the highest rate (45.7%) was among children ≤ 6 months old. No significant difference was found (chi-square = 0.712) in the induction of diarrhea in children from Akure and Owo, neither was there any significant difference in the rates of infection between the boys and girls in Akure (chi-square = 0.576) nor in Owo (chi-square = 0.333). Seasonal association (chi-square = 5.802) in RVA infection was observed in the rainy season of year 2013/2014 period. RVA diarrhea occurred year-round at a prevalence of 25.6%, predominantly in females. A seasonal fluctuation was observed in the rainy and dry seasons of the 2-year period. RVA diarrhea occurred predominantly in children aged below 18 months of age, and may thus help in determining the optimal period/schedule of any immunization program.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Group A Rotavirus Diarrhea among Children Hospitalized for Acute Gastroenteritis in Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Babalola, D. Olaleye, G. Odaibo","doi":"10.1055/s-0040-1718543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1718543","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Globally, infective group A rotavirus (RVA) enteric infection in children culminates in acute diarrheal disease, severe dehydration, and mortality in children under the age of 5 years, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This research sought to determine the prevalence of RVA diarrhea among children aged below 5 years in Ondo state, as one of the necessary frameworks before instituting a vaccine campaign, and to expand knowledge on the epidemiology of RVA diarrhea in Nigeria. In a cross-sectional descriptive study between October 2012 and September 2014, convenience sampling was adopted to obtain demographic information, clinical details, and stool samples from accented under five children who sought treatment for acute gastroenteritis at designated hospitals in Akure and Owo, Nigeria. A total of 390 stool samples were collected from children with acute diarrhea and tested for VP6 RVA antigen using enzyme immunoassay. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square at α 0.05. From the 390 children hospitalized for diarrhea, 240 samples (240/390; 61.5%) were from males, while 150 samples (150/390; 38.5%) were from females, representing a male:female ratio of 1.6:1. RVAs were found in 24.2% (58/240) males and 28% (42/150) females, giving a male-female ratio of 1:1.2 and total prevalence of 25.6% (100/390). RVA infection was inversely proportional to the age as a rate of 11.8% was observed in children aged above 36 months and 31.8% (35/110) in children 7 to 12 months, while the highest rate (45.7%) was among children ≤ 6 months old. No significant difference was found (chi-square = 0.712) in the induction of diarrhea in children from Akure and Owo, neither was there any significant difference in the rates of infection between the boys and girls in Akure (chi-square = 0.576) nor in Owo (chi-square = 0.333). Seasonal association (chi-square = 5.802) in RVA infection was observed in the rainy season of year 2013/2014 period. RVA diarrhea occurred year-round at a prevalence of 25.6%, predominantly in females. A seasonal fluctuation was observed in the rainy and dry seasons of the 2-year period. RVA diarrhea occurred predominantly in children aged below 18 months of age, and may thus help in determining the optimal period/schedule of any immunization program.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"e338 - e349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43035892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vítor Macedo-Campos, Rui Macedo-Campos, F. Pinto-Ribeiro, H. Antunes
Abstract Celiac disease (CD) is a multisystemic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, and the only known remedy available for this malady is a gluten-free diet (GFD). Therefore, we performed a systematic review to correlate the influence of different factors in compliance to a GFD. We searched PubMed database, from inception to April 2019. As inclusion criteria we considered population under 18 years, confirmed diagnosis of CD without related comorbidities and the study objective being the factors affecting compliance to a GFD. The variables compared were age, parent's education level, parental knowledge about CD, family type, celiac association membership, quality of life, and perception of difficulties in maintaining a GFD. We identified 1,414 articles, 35 articles were eligible for full text assessment and 12 were included in the study since they studied similar variables. Our work has found some limitations namely a variety of methods to assess GFD compliance, a limiting definition of compliance, a parental bias in data, an absence of standardization in age categories, and a majority of studies being observational in their nature. Age as well as parental knowledge of CD and family type are key factors in pediatric GFD compliance. Nevertheless environmental, social, and family factors were also related with compliance. Further studies are needed to fully disclose the causality relation between these factors and compliance.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Compliance to a Gluten-Free Diet in Pediatric Populations with Celiac Disease","authors":"Vítor Macedo-Campos, Rui Macedo-Campos, F. Pinto-Ribeiro, H. Antunes","doi":"10.1055/s-0040-1722218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722218","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Celiac disease (CD) is a multisystemic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, and the only known remedy available for this malady is a gluten-free diet (GFD). Therefore, we performed a systematic review to correlate the influence of different factors in compliance to a GFD. We searched PubMed database, from inception to April 2019. As inclusion criteria we considered population under 18 years, confirmed diagnosis of CD without related comorbidities and the study objective being the factors affecting compliance to a GFD. The variables compared were age, parent's education level, parental knowledge about CD, family type, celiac association membership, quality of life, and perception of difficulties in maintaining a GFD. We identified 1,414 articles, 35 articles were eligible for full text assessment and 12 were included in the study since they studied similar variables. Our work has found some limitations namely a variety of methods to assess GFD compliance, a limiting definition of compliance, a parental bias in data, an absence of standardization in age categories, and a majority of studies being observational in their nature. Age as well as parental knowledge of CD and family type are key factors in pediatric GFD compliance. Nevertheless environmental, social, and family factors were also related with compliance. Further studies are needed to fully disclose the causality relation between these factors and compliance.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"e1 - e13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0040-1722218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49582903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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