M. Asad, Ashfaq Ahmad, T. Khaliq, S. Afghan, M. Saleem, T. Hussian, A. Nawaz
Water and heat stress are among the principle stresses affecting the productivity of cereals worldwide. This study was conducted at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2010-2011 to check the influence of various irrigation regimes on growth, yield and water use efficiency of wheat at variable temperatures. The treatments were comprised of three irrigation levels: I
{"title":"IMPACT OF VARIOUS IRRIGATION LEVELS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT AT VARIABLE TEMPERATURES","authors":"M. Asad, Ashfaq Ahmad, T. Khaliq, S. Afghan, M. Saleem, T. Hussian, A. Nawaz","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.514","url":null,"abstract":"Water and heat stress are among the principle stresses affecting the productivity of cereals worldwide. This study was conducted at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2010-2011 to check the influence of various irrigation regimes on growth, yield and water use efficiency of wheat at variable temperatures. The treatments were comprised of three irrigation levels: I","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115810999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tayyib, M. Yousuf, M. Akbar, M. Mukhtar, Ahmad Khan
The present research was conducted to collect and identify genus Aleurocanthus from Punjab, province of Pakistan, which is situated between 29.24 N to 33.56 N latitude, 70.25E to 74.31 E and 125 to 2291 meter in altitude. It has very broad host range for this genus. Four species viz., A. davidi, A. russellae, A. spiniferus and A. woglumi were identified from the pupal cases mounted on slides. Of these, four species A. davidi, and A. spiniferus are new records for Pakistan. The species are illustrated and described. A key for the identification of species of this genus is also given. These species are severely infesting Acacia nilotica, Mangifera indica, Citrus sp, Eucalyptus citriodora, Morus alba, Jatropha multifida, Terminalia catappa, Putranjiva roxburghii and Syzygium cumini. These species were collected from Bahawalpur, Faisalabad, Dera Ghazi Khan, Islamabad, Lahore, Multan and Sialkot. Collection was done randomly throughout the Punjab.
{"title":"GENUS Aleurocanthus (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) WITH TWO NEW RECORDS FROM PAKISTAN","authors":"M. Tayyib, M. Yousuf, M. Akbar, M. Mukhtar, Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.601","url":null,"abstract":"The present research was conducted to collect and identify genus Aleurocanthus from Punjab, province of Pakistan, which is situated between 29.24 N to 33.56 N latitude, 70.25E to 74.31 E and 125 to 2291 meter in altitude. It has very broad host range for this genus. Four species viz., A. davidi, A. russellae, A. spiniferus and A. woglumi were identified from the pupal cases mounted on slides. Of these, four species A. davidi, and A. spiniferus are new records for Pakistan. The species are illustrated and described. A key for the identification of species of this genus is also given. These species are severely infesting Acacia nilotica, Mangifera indica, Citrus sp, Eucalyptus citriodora, Morus alba, Jatropha multifida, Terminalia catappa, Putranjiva roxburghii and Syzygium cumini. These species were collected from Bahawalpur, Faisalabad, Dera Ghazi Khan, Islamabad, Lahore, Multan and Sialkot. Collection was done randomly throughout the Punjab.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114886935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maqsood Ahmad, S. Chand, N. Ali, Zahid Javed, M. Munir, Muhammad Azhar
*In this paper, large wheat varietal experiment was comparatively studied and analyzed through classical ANOVA and latest spatial modeling approach. Spatial modeling technique captures the trend of field variability which consequently results in an unbiased varietal contrast and considerable improvement in precision of underlying experiment. An experiment based on the layout of alpha lattice design with 24 wheat varieties replicated three times was conducted for the purpose of varietal comparison. Post blocking technique was used to re-analyze the experiment using RCBD which was actually conducted using the layout of alpha design. Variogram used to capture the spatial dependence between neighboring wheat field plots which suggests serial correlation among adjacent plots. Run test was also carried out to know the pattern of variation in underlying experiment. Linear mixed spatial model was used as novel statistical method for modeling all possible sources of variation present in field trial thus get significant results using spatial modeling approach in reduction of Standard Error of Difference (SED) as compared to traditional ANOVA. Three main sources of variations were tried to capture during spatial modeling. Among five different proposed spatial and non spatial models, the best model was the row-column spatial model with a first-order spatial auto-regressive correlated error process which detains two way variability of the experiment.
{"title":"SPATIAL MODELING OF FIELD VARIABILITY IN IMPROVING THE POTENCY OF VARIETAL CONTRAST","authors":"Maqsood Ahmad, S. Chand, N. Ali, Zahid Javed, M. Munir, Muhammad Azhar","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.519","url":null,"abstract":"*In this paper, large wheat varietal experiment was comparatively studied and analyzed through classical ANOVA and latest spatial modeling approach. Spatial modeling technique captures the trend of field variability which consequently results in an unbiased varietal contrast and considerable improvement in precision of underlying experiment. An experiment based on the layout of alpha lattice design with 24 wheat varieties replicated three times was conducted for the purpose of varietal comparison. Post blocking technique was used to re-analyze the experiment using RCBD which was actually conducted using the layout of alpha design. Variogram used to capture the spatial dependence between neighboring wheat field plots which suggests serial correlation among adjacent plots. Run test was also carried out to know the pattern of variation in underlying experiment. Linear mixed spatial model was used as novel statistical method for modeling all possible sources of variation present in field trial thus get significant results using spatial modeling approach in reduction of Standard Error of Difference (SED) as compared to traditional ANOVA. Three main sources of variations were tried to capture during spatial modeling. Among five different proposed spatial and non spatial models, the best model was the row-column spatial model with a first-order spatial auto-regressive correlated error process which detains two way variability of the experiment.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125734084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural pests, such as birds and rodents, may cause significant damage to crops and reduce growers’ ability to provide agricultural commodities to the market. When this occurs, the broader economy may suffer due to reduced production and fewer commodities for processing and sale. If the agricultural sector plays a major role in the economy, the multiplier effects of this type of damage may be adverse since the agricultural sector typically provides inputs to almost all other sectors of the economy (e.g., manufacturing, retail trade, and accommodation and food service). It is a study on the strategies adopted for Managing Birds and Rodent Pests (MBRP).
{"title":"DAMAGE CAUSED BY BIRDS AND RODENT IN FIELD CROPS AND THEIR CONTROL","authors":"A. Desoky","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.515","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural pests, such as birds and rodents, may cause significant damage to crops and reduce growers’ ability to provide agricultural commodities to the market. When this occurs, the broader economy may suffer due to reduced production and fewer commodities for processing and sale. If the agricultural sector plays a major role in the economy, the multiplier effects of this type of damage may be adverse since the agricultural sector typically provides inputs to almost all other sectors of the economy (e.g., manufacturing, retail trade, and accommodation and food service). It is a study on the strategies adopted for Managing Birds and Rodent Pests (MBRP).","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130439822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the impact of area under sugar cane crop, fertilizers off- take and credit disbursement on its productivity in Pakistan using time series data from 1980 to 2013 using econometrics analysis. The study showed that one hectare increase in area under sugarcane cultivation brings 57.41 tons increase in sugarcane productivity, 1% increase in fertilizer off-take bring 31.80 tons increase in sugar cane productivity while 1% increase in credit disbursement increases 0.018 tons increase in sugarcane production. The result suggests that area under cultivation could be increased. Appropriate application of pure fertilizers off-take and credit disbursement to sugarcane producing farmers can further enhance its production.
{"title":"IMPACT OF AREA UNDER CULTIVATION, CREDIT DISBURSEMENT AND FERTILIZERS OFF-TAKE ON SUGARCANE PRODUCTION: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS","authors":"R. Ahmed, Sanam Wagma Khattak, Kubra Siraj","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.501","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of area under sugar cane crop, fertilizers off- take and credit disbursement on its productivity in Pakistan using time series data from 1980 to 2013 using econometrics analysis. The study showed that one hectare increase in area under sugarcane cultivation brings 57.41 tons increase in sugarcane productivity, 1% increase in fertilizer off-take bring 31.80 tons increase in sugar cane productivity while 1% increase in credit disbursement increases 0.018 tons increase in sugarcane production. The result suggests that area under cultivation could be increased. Appropriate application of pure fertilizers off-take and credit disbursement to sugarcane producing farmers can further enhance its production.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129524318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seed is the basic unit for any agricultural production system. Without quality seed, no one can even think of good harvest and green been (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. Seed producers have to meet farmers seed demand by adopting appropriate plant population and arrangement pattern which would give them satisfactory seed yield of good quality. Previous researches on the same subject indicate that square arrangement results in high yield while others found no clear differences yet others advocate the use of higher plant densities during production. Several plant population densities (125,000 plants/ha, 163,265 plants/ha, 222,222 plants/ha and 320,000plants/ha) and three planting arrangement patterns (square, R50 and R40) were investigated in this study. Comparison of bush bean seed yield was highest (0.50t/ha) at population of 222,222 plants/ha and when planted in square arrangement pattern and least (0.13t/ha) at population of 360,000 plants/ha. Seed size was only influenced by plant population and not affected by plant arrangement pattern. Plant population density strongly influenced the percent of good seeds developed with populations of 125,000 and 163,265 plants/ha producing 97.01% and 96.15%, respectively. Germination of the harvested seeds was insignificant at all plant densities. The highest speed of germination (77.62%) of seeds was observed from a population density of 320,000 plants/ha. Therefore, green bean seed producers can adjust their planting density to 222,222 plants/ha in square arrangement to maximize seed yield
{"title":"EFFECTS OF PLANT DENSITY AND PLANTING ARRANGEMENT IN GREEN BEAN SEED PRODUCTION","authors":"Mtaita Tuarira, M. Moses","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.516","url":null,"abstract":"Seed is the basic unit for any agricultural production system. Without quality seed, no one can even think of good harvest and green been (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. Seed producers have to meet farmers seed demand by adopting appropriate plant population and arrangement pattern which would give them satisfactory seed yield of good quality. Previous researches on the same subject indicate that square arrangement results in high yield while others found no clear differences yet others advocate the use of higher plant densities during production. Several plant population densities (125,000 plants/ha, 163,265 plants/ha, 222,222 plants/ha and 320,000plants/ha) and three planting arrangement patterns (square, R50 and R40) were investigated in this study. Comparison of bush bean seed yield was highest (0.50t/ha) at population of 222,222 plants/ha and when planted in square arrangement pattern and least (0.13t/ha) at population of 360,000 plants/ha. Seed size was only influenced by plant population and not affected by plant arrangement pattern. Plant population density strongly influenced the percent of good seeds developed with populations of 125,000 and 163,265 plants/ha producing 97.01% and 96.15%, respectively. Germination of the harvested seeds was insignificant at all plant densities. The highest speed of germination (77.62%) of seeds was observed from a population density of 320,000 plants/ha. Therefore, green bean seed producers can adjust their planting density to 222,222 plants/ha in square arrangement to maximize seed yield","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114068735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increased use of colored plastic mulch is a better approach to control weeds and improvement in agricultural production. Plastic mulches affect plant microclimate by modifying the soil energy balance and restricting soil water evaporation, thereby influencing plant growth and yield. A field study was conducted on 5 mulching colors (black, blue, red, silvery-grey, yellow) and wheat straw as control. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different colors of plastic mulch on growth performance and yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The microclimate condition improved by the mulches have provided a suitable condition for producing superior branch characteristics, number of fruits/plant, fruit size and total yield in the plants. Marketable fruit yield significantly improved by the use of a silvery-grey colored plastic mulch (37.9t/ha) compared to the blue colored mulch (15.3t/ha) and wheat straw mulch (26.4t/ha). Also, the significant results were observed in growth parameters by mulching with silver-grey colored mulch. Fewer insect pests (thrips, aphids, cucumber moths and whiteflies) were noted on plants on Silvery grey colored mulch compared to other colored mulches. The effectiveness of the colored mulches to suppress both aphids and cucumber moth after the peak period was non-significant due to the increased vine/plant size which covered the colored mulches. In areas where thrips and cucumber moth are likely to infest cucumber, Blue colored mulch is not suggested. Where aphids and whiteflies are high, yellow colored mulches should be discouraged. This study explored the possibility of improving yield of cucumber by using the plastic mulches in which silvery-grey gave the most effective influence as compared to other color mulches.
{"title":"EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MULCH COLORS ON CUCUMBER PRODUCTION","authors":"M. Mutetwa, T. Mtaita","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.600","url":null,"abstract":"The increased use of colored plastic mulch is a better approach to control weeds and improvement in agricultural production. Plastic mulches affect plant microclimate by modifying the soil energy balance and restricting soil water evaporation, thereby influencing plant growth and yield. A field study was conducted on 5 mulching colors (black, blue, red, silvery-grey, yellow) and wheat straw as control. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different colors of plastic mulch on growth performance and yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The microclimate condition improved by the mulches have provided a suitable condition for producing superior branch characteristics, number of fruits/plant, fruit size and total yield in the plants. Marketable fruit yield significantly improved by the use of a silvery-grey colored plastic mulch (37.9t/ha) compared to the blue colored mulch (15.3t/ha) and wheat straw mulch (26.4t/ha). Also, the significant results were observed in growth parameters by mulching with silver-grey colored mulch. Fewer insect pests (thrips, aphids, cucumber moths and whiteflies) were noted on plants on Silvery grey colored mulch compared to other colored mulches. The effectiveness of the colored mulches to suppress both aphids and cucumber moth after the peak period was non-significant due to the increased vine/plant size which covered the colored mulches. In areas where thrips and cucumber moth are likely to infest cucumber, Blue colored mulch is not suggested. Where aphids and whiteflies are high, yellow colored mulches should be discouraged. This study explored the possibility of improving yield of cucumber by using the plastic mulches in which silvery-grey gave the most effective influence as compared to other color mulches.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132324452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Muzamil, T. Ali, B. Shahbaz, S. Abbas, Mobushir Iqbal, A. Suleri
*Microcredit is considered as a strategy for poverty reduction & rural development. Poor people may invest small loans in farm or non-farm activities for income generation to secure their livelihoods. Most of the micro-credit schemes in Pakistan are based on interest but there are few organizations; Akhuwat is one of them who claim that they offer interest-free loans. The present research project took the Akhuwat as case study. Akhuwat adopted the concept of ``Qaraz-e-Hassna`` or simply interest free loan. The present study was conducted on the basis two guiding questions of research. The methodology for this research project was based on qualitative data collection however & quantitative data was also used on limited scale to elucidate the qualitative data. It was concluded that majority of the respondents got the loan for expansion in existing business. 80% of the respondents utilized the loan for intended purpose. Education, food and was ranked at 1 st , 2nd and 3 rd order respectively by the respondents impacted by Akhuwat loan scheme.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF INTEREST FREE MICRO CREDIT SCHEME OF AKHUWAT IN DISTRICT MANSEHRA, KPK: IMPLICATION FOR POVERTY REDUCTION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN","authors":"Muhammad Muzamil, T. Ali, B. Shahbaz, S. Abbas, Mobushir Iqbal, A. Suleri","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/2.4.518","url":null,"abstract":"*Microcredit is considered as a strategy for poverty reduction & rural development. Poor people may invest small loans in farm or non-farm activities for income generation to secure their livelihoods. Most of the micro-credit schemes in Pakistan are based on interest but there are few organizations; Akhuwat is one of them who claim that they offer interest-free loans. The present research project took the Akhuwat as case study. Akhuwat adopted the concept of ``Qaraz-e-Hassna`` or simply interest free loan. The present study was conducted on the basis two guiding questions of research. The methodology for this research project was based on qualitative data collection however & quantitative data was also used on limited scale to elucidate the qualitative data. It was concluded that majority of the respondents got the loan for expansion in existing business. 80% of the respondents utilized the loan for intended purpose. Education, food and was ranked at 1 st , 2nd and 3 rd order respectively by the respondents impacted by Akhuwat loan scheme.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124139569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electricity performs an integral part in the economical development and national growth of country. Unfortunately, Pakistan is going through its worst period of power shortages. It is also adversely affecting the production capacity of thousands of industrial units in the country. The foremost cause of “load shedding” is that Pakistan produces major portion of energy from fossil fuels, its price and demand is continuously increasing with the passage of time. Pakistan has wide range of renewable power sources like biomass and wind energy, solar energy, hydel etc. Synthetic Natural Gas, coal, radioactive minerals & oil are modest energy resources whereas wind, hydel, solar, biomass etc are bountiful energy resources. In this article, potential of different resources for electricity production in Pakistan has been studied as well as different technologies how energy can be extracted from biomass. It is envisaged that energy/electricity crisis can be overcome by the efficient utilization of these Resources
{"title":"A REVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES IN PAKISTAN","authors":"A. Latif, N. Ramzan","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/2.3.593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/2.3.593","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity performs an integral part in the economical development and national growth of country. Unfortunately, Pakistan is going through its worst period of power shortages. It is also adversely affecting the production capacity of thousands of industrial units in the country. The foremost cause of “load shedding” is that Pakistan produces major portion of energy from fossil fuels, its price and demand is continuously increasing with the passage of time. Pakistan has wide range of renewable power sources like biomass and wind energy, solar energy, hydel etc. Synthetic Natural Gas, coal, radioactive minerals & oil are modest energy resources whereas wind, hydel, solar, biomass etc are bountiful energy resources. In this article, potential of different resources for electricity production in Pakistan has been studied as well as different technologies how energy can be extracted from biomass. It is envisaged that energy/electricity crisis can be overcome by the efficient utilization of these Resources","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124439202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. A. Sakandar, Sarfraz Ahmad, H. Aslam, A. Shakeel, M. Shoaib
Many nutraceutical attributes are related to camel milk i.e anti-carcinogenic, anti-hepatic, anti-diabetic and antihypertension bioactive components. Polymerized whey protein isolates is important for its functional and nutritional properties in various dairy food products. 10% w/v polymerized whey protein isolates (PWPI) were prepared by heating whey proteins at 85C for 30 minutes at pH 7. Stirred yoghurt from camel milk was prepared by using PWPI as thickening agent in various concentrations of 2, 4, 6 and 8% and compared with the control (without PWPI). All the samples were studied with the interval of 7 days up till 21 day for organoleptic properties. There was no significant effect of storage days on all these constituents of all yoghurt samples. Results showed that PWPI can be a good source to have desired organoleptic characteristics in camel milk stirred yoghurt properties.
{"title":"POLYMERIZED WHEY PROTEIN ISOLATES IMPACT ON ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF CAMEL MILK STIRRED YOGHURT","authors":"H. A. Sakandar, Sarfraz Ahmad, H. Aslam, A. Shakeel, M. Shoaib","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/2.3.591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/2.3.591","url":null,"abstract":"Many nutraceutical attributes are related to camel milk i.e anti-carcinogenic, anti-hepatic, anti-diabetic and antihypertension bioactive components. Polymerized whey protein isolates is important for its functional and nutritional properties in various dairy food products. 10% w/v polymerized whey protein isolates (PWPI) were prepared by heating whey proteins at 85C for 30 minutes at pH 7. Stirred yoghurt from camel milk was prepared by using PWPI as thickening agent in various concentrations of 2, 4, 6 and 8% and compared with the control (without PWPI). All the samples were studied with the interval of 7 days up till 21 day for organoleptic properties. There was no significant effect of storage days on all these constituents of all yoghurt samples. Results showed that PWPI can be a good source to have desired organoleptic characteristics in camel milk stirred yoghurt properties.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114327018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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