Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696883
Uei-Ming Jow, Maysam Ghovanloo
In this paper we have presented the methodology and detailed simulation and measurement results for optimizing the coils that we have used in a new multiband wireless link for high performance implantable neural interfacing. In this method, three individual carrier signals and coil/antenna pairs have been dedicated to the major functions of the link: power transmission, forward data transmission from outside into the body, and back telemetry from inside towards outside. Wireless power is transmitted through printed spiral coils, optimized for carriers operating at 5, 10, and 13.56 MHz. Two different designs have been evaluated for forward data coils. One is a pair of 3-D vertical coils that are wound perpendicular to the power PSCs, and the other is a pair of planar figure-8 coils that are in parallel with the power PSCs. We have compared these designs with respect to their robustness against worst case horizontal misalignments. Finally, measurements are done on a miniature spiral antenna that is designed to operate in an ultra wideband (UWB) spectrum for short range back telemetry across the skin.
{"title":"Optimization of a multiband wireless link for neuroprosthetic implantable devices","authors":"Uei-Ming Jow, Maysam Ghovanloo","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696883","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we have presented the methodology and detailed simulation and measurement results for optimizing the coils that we have used in a new multiband wireless link for high performance implantable neural interfacing. In this method, three individual carrier signals and coil/antenna pairs have been dedicated to the major functions of the link: power transmission, forward data transmission from outside into the body, and back telemetry from inside towards outside. Wireless power is transmitted through printed spiral coils, optimized for carriers operating at 5, 10, and 13.56 MHz. Two different designs have been evaluated for forward data coils. One is a pair of 3-D vertical coils that are wound perpendicular to the power PSCs, and the other is a pair of planar figure-8 coils that are in parallel with the power PSCs. We have compared these designs with respect to their robustness against worst case horizontal misalignments. Finally, measurements are done on a miniature spiral antenna that is designed to operate in an ultra wideband (UWB) spectrum for short range back telemetry across the skin.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129129182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696888
G. DeMichele, P. Troyk, D. Kerns, R. Weir
As a component of the RP2009 project, the IMES system has emerged as a strong candidate for extracting naturally-occurring control signals to be used for providing functional control of an upper body artificial limb. In earlier publications, we described various elements of this system as they were being researched and developed. Presently, the system has matured to a level for which it is now appropriate to consider application-specific-integrated circuits (ASIC) that are of a standardized form, and are suitable for clinical deployment of the IMES system. Here we describe one of our emerging ASIC designs that addresses the design challenges of the extracoporal transmitter controller. Although this ASIC is used in the IMES system, it may also be used for any command protocol that requires FSK modulation of a Class E converter.
{"title":"IMES - implantable myoElectric sensor system: Designing standardized ASICs","authors":"G. DeMichele, P. Troyk, D. Kerns, R. Weir","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696888","url":null,"abstract":"As a component of the RP2009 project, the IMES system has emerged as a strong candidate for extracting naturally-occurring control signals to be used for providing functional control of an upper body artificial limb. In earlier publications, we described various elements of this system as they were being researched and developed. Presently, the system has matured to a level for which it is now appropriate to consider application-specific-integrated circuits (ASIC) that are of a standardized form, and are suitable for clinical deployment of the IMES system. Here we describe one of our emerging ASIC designs that addresses the design challenges of the extracoporal transmitter controller. Although this ASIC is used in the IMES system, it may also be used for any command protocol that requires FSK modulation of a Class E converter.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126302840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696955
Chenling Huang, S. Chakrabartty
We have previously reported a novel self-powered piezo-floating-gate sensor that can be used for long-term monitoring of strain levels in biomechanical implants. In this paper, we extend this work to monitor impact-rates (rate of change of strain levels) which is important for predicting mechanical fatigue. We augment the piezo-floating-gate sensor with a filtering and triggering circuit that activates the ionized-hot-electron-injection (IHEI) only when the impactrates exceed predetermined threshold levels. Using multiple prototypes fabricated in a 0.5-mum standard CMOS process we characterize the performance of the sensor for mismatch and for its variability under different biasing conditions. Experimental results obtained using the prototypes demonstrate that the sensor can record different impact-rate levels over a duration of 105 cycles.
{"title":"Self-powered CMOS impact-rate monitors for biomechanical implants","authors":"Chenling Huang, S. Chakrabartty","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696955","url":null,"abstract":"We have previously reported a novel self-powered piezo-floating-gate sensor that can be used for long-term monitoring of strain levels in biomechanical implants. In this paper, we extend this work to monitor impact-rates (rate of change of strain levels) which is important for predicting mechanical fatigue. We augment the piezo-floating-gate sensor with a filtering and triggering circuit that activates the ionized-hot-electron-injection (IHEI) only when the impactrates exceed predetermined threshold levels. Using multiple prototypes fabricated in a 0.5-mum standard CMOS process we characterize the performance of the sensor for mismatch and for its variability under different biasing conditions. Experimental results obtained using the prototypes demonstrate that the sensor can record different impact-rate levels over a duration of 105 cycles.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124959589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696889
R. Armiger, R. J. Vogelstein
We developed an interface to the commercial video game Guitar Heroreg III using surface electromyography (EMG) to create a novel training and evaluation device for upperextremity amputees. Rather than pressing the keys with onepsilas fingers as in the normal game, in our modified version a user merely flexes his or her index, middle, or ring finger muscles, and the resulting myoelectric activity is recorded using six or more EMG electrodes placed around the forearm. The acquired data is processed in real-time using pattern recognition algorithms to derive intended motion, and the results are used to control the game. Performance metrics reported by the gamepsilas built-in scoring system are used to evaluate classifier performance. To confirm the functionality of the system, three non-amputee users evaluated the EMG-controlled game (called ldquoAir-Guitar Herordquo) and reported that it was effective, fun, and engaging. Ultimately, we intend to use this system as a performance assay for different types of motor decoding algorithms for dexterous control of upper-extremity neuroprostheses.
{"title":"Air-Guitar Hero: A real-time video game interface for training and evaluation of dexterous upper-extremity neuroprosthetic control algorithms","authors":"R. Armiger, R. J. Vogelstein","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696889","url":null,"abstract":"We developed an interface to the commercial video game Guitar Heroreg III using surface electromyography (EMG) to create a novel training and evaluation device for upperextremity amputees. Rather than pressing the keys with onepsilas fingers as in the normal game, in our modified version a user merely flexes his or her index, middle, or ring finger muscles, and the resulting myoelectric activity is recorded using six or more EMG electrodes placed around the forearm. The acquired data is processed in real-time using pattern recognition algorithms to derive intended motion, and the results are used to control the game. Performance metrics reported by the gamepsilas built-in scoring system are used to evaluate classifier performance. To confirm the functionality of the system, three non-amputee users evaluated the EMG-controlled game (called ldquoAir-Guitar Herordquo) and reported that it was effective, fun, and engaging. Ultimately, we intend to use this system as a performance assay for different types of motor decoding algorithms for dexterous control of upper-extremity neuroprostheses.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128490314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696926
J. Ohta, A. Higuchi, A. Tagawa, K. Sasagawa, T. Tokuda, Y. Hatanaka, H. Tamura, Sadao Shiosaka
We have developed CMOS based image sensing devices that can be implanted in a mouse deep brain to monitor the neural activities of a freely-moving mouse. Transgenic mice that express GFP (green fluorescence protein) in the midbrain DA (dopamine) neurons under the control of the rat TH (tyrosine hydroxylase) gene promoter, was used for the experiments. The fluorescence was measured through GFP which acts as the sensor for DA and successfully demonstrated that the implanted device can be used for monitoring the neural activities in long term. Also the next generation sensor which realizes more stable operation in the mouse brain is presented.
{"title":"An implantable CMOS image sensor for monitoring deep brain activities of a freely moving mouse","authors":"J. Ohta, A. Higuchi, A. Tagawa, K. Sasagawa, T. Tokuda, Y. Hatanaka, H. Tamura, Sadao Shiosaka","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696926","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed CMOS based image sensing devices that can be implanted in a mouse deep brain to monitor the neural activities of a freely-moving mouse. Transgenic mice that express GFP (green fluorescence protein) in the midbrain DA (dopamine) neurons under the control of the rat TH (tyrosine hydroxylase) gene promoter, was used for the experiments. The fluorescence was measured through GFP which acts as the sensor for DA and successfully demonstrated that the implanted device can be used for monitoring the neural activities in long term. Also the next generation sensor which realizes more stable operation in the mouse brain is presented.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125781058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696945
A. Ohta, H. Hsu, A. Jamshidi, M. Wu
We present the capabilities of the optoelectronic tweezers device (OET) as related to medical diagnostics. OET is capable of single-cell manipulation and discrimination. Furthermore, nanoscale structures can be manipulated with OET to create sensors and probes.
{"title":"Optical MEMS and nano-photonics for diagnostics","authors":"A. Ohta, H. Hsu, A. Jamshidi, M. Wu","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696945","url":null,"abstract":"We present the capabilities of the optoelectronic tweezers device (OET) as related to medical diagnostics. OET is capable of single-cell manipulation and discrimination. Furthermore, nanoscale structures can be manipulated with OET to create sensors and probes.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"18 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114045460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696874
Lan-Rong Dung, Yin-Yi Wu, Hsin-Cheng Lai, P. Weng
The objective of this paper is to develop an ultra-low-power video compression processor for capsule endoscope to lower the RF transmitter bandwidth. In applications of capsule endoscope, it is imperative to consider battery life and performance trade-offs. Applying state-of-the-art video compression techniques may significantly reduce the image bit rate by their high compression ratio, but they all require intensive computation and consume much power from battery. There are also many fast video compression algorithms for reducing computation load; however, they may result in distortion of original image. A new video compression algorithm for gastrointestinal image based on H.264 Intra-frame encoder and its corresponding VLSI architecture are both proposed for low-power, high bite-rate wireless capsule endoscope. The algorithm exploits the characteristic of gastrointestinal image and H.264 intra-frame prediction technique to reduce computing complexity and save battery power consumption. As the result of implementation, the developed video compressor for 512-by-512 image sensor and 2 Mbits/sec RF transmitter costs 60 k gates and consumes 0.9161 mW power at 2 frames/sec while the average compression rate can be as low as 82%.
{"title":"A modified H.264 intra-frame video encoder for capsule endoscope","authors":"Lan-Rong Dung, Yin-Yi Wu, Hsin-Cheng Lai, P. Weng","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696874","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to develop an ultra-low-power video compression processor for capsule endoscope to lower the RF transmitter bandwidth. In applications of capsule endoscope, it is imperative to consider battery life and performance trade-offs. Applying state-of-the-art video compression techniques may significantly reduce the image bit rate by their high compression ratio, but they all require intensive computation and consume much power from battery. There are also many fast video compression algorithms for reducing computation load; however, they may result in distortion of original image. A new video compression algorithm for gastrointestinal image based on H.264 Intra-frame encoder and its corresponding VLSI architecture are both proposed for low-power, high bite-rate wireless capsule endoscope. The algorithm exploits the characteristic of gastrointestinal image and H.264 intra-frame prediction technique to reduce computing complexity and save battery power consumption. As the result of implementation, the developed video compressor for 512-by-512 image sensor and 2 Mbits/sec RF transmitter costs 60 k gates and consumes 0.9161 mW power at 2 frames/sec while the average compression rate can be as low as 82%.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131143161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696949
T. J. Hamilton, A. van Schaik, B. Cornell
In this paper we present a method for measuring the complex impedance of a tethered bilayer membrane (tBLM). Measuring the impedance of a tBLM can involve large, nonportable, expensive instrumentation. Here we present a method of complex impedance measurement that is portable and inexpensive; requiring only a laptop or palm-pocket computer with a USB interface. The complex impedance measurement is improved by using a type of pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) called a maximum length sequence (MLS). This method of impedance measurement improves the resolution over conventional sinusoidal frequency sweeping methods.
{"title":"Measuring the impedance of a tethered bilayer membrane biosensor","authors":"T. J. Hamilton, A. van Schaik, B. Cornell","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696949","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a method for measuring the complex impedance of a tethered bilayer membrane (tBLM). Measuring the impedance of a tBLM can involve large, nonportable, expensive instrumentation. Here we present a method of complex impedance measurement that is portable and inexpensive; requiring only a laptop or palm-pocket computer with a USB interface. The complex impedance measurement is improved by using a type of pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) called a maximum length sequence (MLS). This method of impedance measurement improves the resolution over conventional sinusoidal frequency sweeping methods.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129223017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696897
T. J. Hamilton, J. Tapson, C. Jin, A. V. Schaik
This paper presents results from integrated circuit (IC) implementations of the active, nonlinear, two dimensional (2D) silicon cochlea. It begins by developing an active, 2D cochlea model which is based on the idea that the cochlear amplifier (CA) has dynamics governed by the Hopf equation. The realisation of the active 2D model leads to several hardware implementations that are based on two slightly different but equivalent approaches. The first implementation is called automatic quality factor control (AQC) which has the dynamics of a system that is governed by the Hopf equation and represents a type of parametric amplification. The second approach is based on implicitly modelling the Hopf equation as a Hopf oscillator. Together this work provides the foundations for a silicon cochlea that can be used to better understand the biological cochlea as well as explore higher auditory centres.
{"title":"Analogue VLSI implementations of two dimensional, nonlinear, active cochlea models","authors":"T. J. Hamilton, J. Tapson, C. Jin, A. V. Schaik","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696897","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents results from integrated circuit (IC) implementations of the active, nonlinear, two dimensional (2D) silicon cochlea. It begins by developing an active, 2D cochlea model which is based on the idea that the cochlear amplifier (CA) has dynamics governed by the Hopf equation. The realisation of the active 2D model leads to several hardware implementations that are based on two slightly different but equivalent approaches. The first implementation is called automatic quality factor control (AQC) which has the dynamics of a system that is governed by the Hopf equation and represents a type of parametric amplification. The second approach is based on implicitly modelling the Hopf equation as a Hopf oscillator. Together this work provides the foundations for a silicon cochlea that can be used to better understand the biological cochlea as well as explore higher auditory centres.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134097338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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