Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696948
M. Nakayama, K. Yamamoto, F. Kobayashi
Frequency components of pupil responses were extracted from power spectrum density of pupillary change during eye sleepiness tests to conduct an efficient assessment of sleepiness using pupil response. These factor components were applied to two-class classifications of subjective sleepiness using discriminate analysis. The correct rates of the classification during 5 minutes observation were 71% using the Stanford Sleepiness Score (SSS) and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and 94% using the Epworth sleepiness score. Differences in contribution ratios for factor components were shown between the two kinds of subjective sleepiness.
{"title":"Estimation of sleepiness using frequency components of pupillary response","authors":"M. Nakayama, K. Yamamoto, F. Kobayashi","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696948","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency components of pupil responses were extracted from power spectrum density of pupillary change during eye sleepiness tests to conduct an efficient assessment of sleepiness using pupil response. These factor components were applied to two-class classifications of subjective sleepiness using discriminate analysis. The correct rates of the classification during 5 minutes observation were 71% using the Stanford Sleepiness Score (SSS) and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and 94% using the Epworth sleepiness score. Differences in contribution ratios for factor components were shown between the two kinds of subjective sleepiness.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130621383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696953
S. Parmentier, R. Fontaine, Y. Roy
Developments in neuroprosthetics have lead to applications with high channel counts, thus increasing the need for high bandwidth telemetry systems to transmit data out of the body. Optical telemetry is a promising implantable telemetry solution, and data rates and power consumption criteria are being established. This paper presents the performance of a laser diode-based system in various operating conditions. This system transmits at data rates up to 16 Mb/s through a skin thickness of 4 mm while achieving a BER of 1E-9 with consumption of 10 mW or less.
{"title":"Laser diode used in 16 Mb/s, 10 mW optical transcutaneous telemetry system","authors":"S. Parmentier, R. Fontaine, Y. Roy","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696953","url":null,"abstract":"Developments in neuroprosthetics have lead to applications with high channel counts, thus increasing the need for high bandwidth telemetry systems to transmit data out of the body. Optical telemetry is a promising implantable telemetry solution, and data rates and power consumption criteria are being established. This paper presents the performance of a laser diode-based system in various operating conditions. This system transmits at data rates up to 16 Mb/s through a skin thickness of 4 mm while achieving a BER of 1E-9 with consumption of 10 mW or less.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129321842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696946
Keo-Sik Kim, Chulgyu Song, Jeong-Hwan Seo
The aim of this paper is to classify the vibroarthrographic (VAG) signals according to the pathological condition using the characteristic parameters extracted by the time-frequency transform, and to evaluate the classification accuracy. VAG and knee angle signals, recorded simultaneously during one flexion and one extension of the knee, were segmented and normalized at 0.5 Hz by the dynamic time warping method. Also, the noise within the time-frequency distribution (TFD) of the segmented VAG signals was reduced by the singular value decomposition algorithm, and a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) was used to classify the normal and abnormal VAG signals. A total of 1408 segments (normal 1031, patient 377) were used for training and evaluating the BPNN. As a result, the average classification accuracy was 92.3 plusmn 0.9 %. The proposed method showed good potential for the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of joint disorders.
{"title":"Feature extraction of knee joint sound for non-invasive diagnosis of articular pathology","authors":"Keo-Sik Kim, Chulgyu Song, Jeong-Hwan Seo","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696946","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to classify the vibroarthrographic (VAG) signals according to the pathological condition using the characteristic parameters extracted by the time-frequency transform, and to evaluate the classification accuracy. VAG and knee angle signals, recorded simultaneously during one flexion and one extension of the knee, were segmented and normalized at 0.5 Hz by the dynamic time warping method. Also, the noise within the time-frequency distribution (TFD) of the segmented VAG signals was reduced by the singular value decomposition algorithm, and a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) was used to classify the normal and abnormal VAG signals. A total of 1408 segments (normal 1031, patient 377) were used for training and evaluating the BPNN. As a result, the average classification accuracy was 92.3 plusmn 0.9 %. The proposed method showed good potential for the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of joint disorders.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123903090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696929
K. H. Wee, L. Turicchia, R. Sarpeshkar
We present the first experimental integrated-circuit vocal tract. The 275 muW analog vocal tract chip can be used for real-time speech production in bionic speech-prosthesis systems where low power is critical. We also describe how our vocal tract can be used with auditory processors in a feedback speech locked loop to implement speech recognition that is potentially robust in noise.
{"title":"An analog bionic vocal tract","authors":"K. H. Wee, L. Turicchia, R. Sarpeshkar","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696929","url":null,"abstract":"We present the first experimental integrated-circuit vocal tract. The 275 muW analog vocal tract chip can be used for real-time speech production in bionic speech-prosthesis systems where low power is critical. We also describe how our vocal tract can be used with auditory processors in a feedback speech locked loop to implement speech recognition that is potentially robust in noise.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126070732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696915
H. Abdalla, T. Horiuchi
Voltage spikes are ubiquitous in biological nervous systems. How spikes can be used to encode signals, facilitate communication, and implement important computations is an important question of contemporary neuroscience. Acoustic processing tasks provide a rich range of applications for this encoding scheme. As a summary of the Ph.D. research of the first author, we present two analog VLSI spike-based example systems that process acoustic information using spikes: a model of the neural signal processing involved in bat echolocation, and a low-power, time-domain acoustic periodicity detector.
{"title":"Spike-based acoustic signal processing chips for detection and localization","authors":"H. Abdalla, T. Horiuchi","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696915","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage spikes are ubiquitous in biological nervous systems. How spikes can be used to encode signals, facilitate communication, and implement important computations is an important question of contemporary neuroscience. Acoustic processing tasks provide a rich range of applications for this encoding scheme. As a summary of the Ph.D. research of the first author, we present two analog VLSI spike-based example systems that process acoustic information using spikes: a model of the neural signal processing involved in bat echolocation, and a low-power, time-domain acoustic periodicity detector.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128722692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696942
V. Saripalli, S. Mookerjea, S. Datta, N. Vijaykrishnan
An increasing integration of nanoscale sensors is being observed in BioSensing and Biomimetic systems. Power consumption is deemed a major limiter as the complexity of integration increases. Supply voltage based scaling using CMOS is also a challenge due to increasing leakage currents. This work presents alternative devices - Interband Tunnel Field Effect Transistors and Split-Gate Quantum Nanodots to achieve further scaling.
{"title":"Ultra low power signal processing architectures","authors":"V. Saripalli, S. Mookerjea, S. Datta, N. Vijaykrishnan","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696942","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing integration of nanoscale sensors is being observed in BioSensing and Biomimetic systems. Power consumption is deemed a major limiter as the complexity of integration increases. Supply voltage based scaling using CMOS is also a challenge due to increasing leakage currents. This work presents alternative devices - Interband Tunnel Field Effect Transistors and Split-Gate Quantum Nanodots to achieve further scaling.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126437607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696938
P. Kassanos, A. Demosthenous, R. Bayford
This paper focuses on tetrapolar coplanar-electrode affinity-based sensors. In a tetrapolar electrode systems there are different ways with which signals can be injected and measured. These injection and measurement methods, namely the Wenner, Dipole-Dipole and Cross techniques, are investigated in this paper by analyzing their sensitivity distribution. This is conducted with the use of FEM modeling. The results indicate that the Dipole-Dipole technique provides only a small negative sensitivity region near the electrode surface plane. On the other hand, regions of positive sensitivity dominate in the Wenner while regions of negative sensitivity dominate in the Cross techniques.
{"title":"Comparison of tetrapolar injection-measurement techniques for coplanar affinity-based impedimetric immunosensors","authors":"P. Kassanos, A. Demosthenous, R. Bayford","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696938","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on tetrapolar coplanar-electrode affinity-based sensors. In a tetrapolar electrode systems there are different ways with which signals can be injected and measured. These injection and measurement methods, namely the Wenner, Dipole-Dipole and Cross techniques, are investigated in this paper by analyzing their sensitivity distribution. This is conducted with the use of FEM modeling. The results indicate that the Dipole-Dipole technique provides only a small negative sensitivity region near the electrode surface plane. On the other hand, regions of positive sensitivity dominate in the Wenner while regions of negative sensitivity dominate in the Cross techniques.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125850939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696933
A. Cassidy, Z. Zhang, A. Andreou
We present the architecture and testing of an address event representation (AER) wireless link that uses ultra wideband (UWB) radio as the physical layer. The wireless protocol layers from high to low level are: AER events, asynchronous handshaking, PRN coding, and UWB transmission. The top three layers are implemented in digital logic in an FPGA, while the UWB physical layer is implemented using discrete RF components. The combination of error detection during asynchronous handshaking and PRN codes add noise robustness to the wireless link. First we describe the implementation and testing of the UWB AER link, demonstrating the operation of the protocol. Second we analyze the capacity of a network of UWB AER nodes, finding it able to support several thousand neurons across multiple transmitters, even at relatively high sustained firing rates.
{"title":"Neuromorphic interconnects using Ultra Wideband radio","authors":"A. Cassidy, Z. Zhang, A. Andreou","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696933","url":null,"abstract":"We present the architecture and testing of an address event representation (AER) wireless link that uses ultra wideband (UWB) radio as the physical layer. The wireless protocol layers from high to low level are: AER events, asynchronous handshaking, PRN coding, and UWB transmission. The top three layers are implemented in digital logic in an FPGA, while the UWB physical layer is implemented using discrete RF components. The combination of error detection during asynchronous handshaking and PRN codes add noise robustness to the wireless link. First we describe the implementation and testing of the UWB AER link, demonstrating the operation of the protocol. Second we analyze the capacity of a network of UWB AER nodes, finding it able to support several thousand neurons across multiple transmitters, even at relatively high sustained firing rates.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125894638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696927
G. Gargiulo, P. Bifulco, R.A. Calvo, M. Cesarelli, C. Jin, A. V. Schaik
A new EEG recording device demonstrating an ultra-high input impedance is presented. Dry electrodes made of conductive rubber were employed for this study with careful shielding of the electrodes and cables. The device has a small form factor, so it is wearable, and has continuous Bluetooth connectivity. Tests were performed to assess features of the proposed device and to compare it with standard clinical devices. Simultaneous EEG recordings were measured from adjacent sites on the scalp using the new EEG device with dry electrodes and a reference EEG device with standard electrodes. The gain and bandwidth settings for the two devices were set similarly. Traditional closing eyes alpha-wave replacement and mu-rhythm were compared in both the time and frequency domains. Results from eight subjects show a high correlation coefficient (0.83 on average) between recordings of contiguous dry and standard electrodes. We conclude that the performance of the new device is comparable with standard EEG recording equipment, but offers a shorter set-up time, the possibility of long-term recording, and a wireless connection - all of which are advantages valuable in the field of brain computer interfaces and neurofeedback.
{"title":"A mobile EEG system with dry electrodes","authors":"G. Gargiulo, P. Bifulco, R.A. Calvo, M. Cesarelli, C. Jin, A. V. Schaik","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696927","url":null,"abstract":"A new EEG recording device demonstrating an ultra-high input impedance is presented. Dry electrodes made of conductive rubber were employed for this study with careful shielding of the electrodes and cables. The device has a small form factor, so it is wearable, and has continuous Bluetooth connectivity. Tests were performed to assess features of the proposed device and to compare it with standard clinical devices. Simultaneous EEG recordings were measured from adjacent sites on the scalp using the new EEG device with dry electrodes and a reference EEG device with standard electrodes. The gain and bandwidth settings for the two devices were set similarly. Traditional closing eyes alpha-wave replacement and mu-rhythm were compared in both the time and frequency domains. Results from eight subjects show a high correlation coefficient (0.83 on average) between recordings of contiguous dry and standard electrodes. We conclude that the performance of the new device is comparable with standard EEG recording equipment, but offers a shorter set-up time, the possibility of long-term recording, and a wireless connection - all of which are advantages valuable in the field of brain computer interfaces and neurofeedback.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127073353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696882
Jungsuk Kim, M. Chae, Lihsien Wu, Wentai Liu
This paper presents a fully integrated DPSK demodulator for high density biomedical implants through dual-band telemetry. In order to eliminate the power interference in the data receiver, differential phase shift keying scheme is used, and the power efficiency as well as the data rate is increased by separating the power and data carrier frequency. Furthermore, the minimum sampling rate, which results in reducing the chip size, makes it possible for all functional blocks to be fully integrated on single chip. The demodulator operates at 22 MHz carrier frequency providing 4 Mbps and is fabricated in 0.35 mum CMOS process, with a power consumption of 8.4 mW and an active die area of 1.4times1.0 mm2.
本文介绍了一种完全集成的DPSK解调器，用于高密度生物医学植入物的双频遥测。为了消除数据接收机中的功率干扰，采用差分相移键控方案，通过分离功率和数据载波频率来提高功率效率和数据速率。此外，最小采样率减小了芯片尺寸，使所有功能块完全集成在单个芯片上成为可能。该解调器工作于22 MHz载波频率，提供4 Mbps，采用0.35 μ m CMOS工艺制造，功耗为8.4 mW，有源芯片面积为1.4 × 1.0 mm2。
{"title":"A fully integrated DPSK demodulator for high density biomedical implants","authors":"Jungsuk Kim, M. Chae, Lihsien Wu, Wentai Liu","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2008.4696882","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fully integrated DPSK demodulator for high density biomedical implants through dual-band telemetry. In order to eliminate the power interference in the data receiver, differential phase shift keying scheme is used, and the power efficiency as well as the data rate is increased by separating the power and data carrier frequency. Furthermore, the minimum sampling rate, which results in reducing the chip size, makes it possible for all functional blocks to be fully integrated on single chip. The demodulator operates at 22 MHz carrier frequency providing 4 Mbps and is fabricated in 0.35 mum CMOS process, with a power consumption of 8.4 mW and an active die area of 1.4times1.0 mm2.","PeriodicalId":415200,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127688408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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