C. Lewis, Tania Jospitre, S. Griffing, Melissa Chu, R. Sage, Lorraine Madry, B. Primm
ABSTRACT This preliminary study attempts (1) to examine differences in posttraumatic symptomatology in predominately minority, sheltered battered women (n= 55) as a function of childhood trauma histories; and (2) to disentangle the impact of two often confounded forms of childhood trauma: exposure to family violence and direct childhood maltreatment. Controlling for current domestic violence (DV), hierarchical regression analyses showed childhood emotional abuse mediated the adverse effects of childhood exposure to family violence on PTSD symptomatology (i.e., hyperarousal, intrusion). Avoidant symptoms were most strongly predicted by current domestic violence, with psychological abuse adding significantly to the variance explained above and beyond physical abuse.
{"title":"Childhood Maltreatment, Familial Violence, and Retraumatization","authors":"C. Lewis, Tania Jospitre, S. Griffing, Melissa Chu, R. Sage, Lorraine Madry, B. Primm","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n04_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n04_03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This preliminary study attempts (1) to examine differences in posttraumatic symptomatology in predominately minority, sheltered battered women (n= 55) as a function of childhood trauma histories; and (2) to disentangle the impact of two often confounded forms of childhood trauma: exposure to family violence and direct childhood maltreatment. Controlling for current domestic violence (DV), hierarchical regression analyses showed childhood emotional abuse mediated the adverse effects of childhood exposure to family violence on PTSD symptomatology (i.e., hyperarousal, intrusion). Avoidant symptoms were most strongly predicted by current domestic violence, with psychological abuse adding significantly to the variance explained above and beyond physical abuse.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128273055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Child abuse has been linked to pathogenic parenting, and each has been associated with long-term psychological impairment. This study seeks to contribute to the growing volume of investigations concerned with the identification of possible pathways linking child abuse to symptoms by exploring the mediating role of perceived parental failure of empathy in this association. Child abuse and deficient parental empathy were strongly related to one another and separately predictive of symptoms in a sample of 437 female students. Whereas parental empathic failure was found to mediate the long-term effects of physical and extrafamilial sexual abuse, neither it nor incest were capable of predicting most measures of adjustment independently of the other. Findings are discussed in the context of classic developmental psychopathology and trauma resolution theories, and implications for treatment are outlined.
{"title":"Identifying Pathways Linking Child Abuse to Psychological Outcome","authors":"Avigail Moor, L. Silvern","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n04_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n04_05","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Child abuse has been linked to pathogenic parenting, and each has been associated with long-term psychological impairment. This study seeks to contribute to the growing volume of investigations concerned with the identification of possible pathways linking child abuse to symptoms by exploring the mediating role of perceived parental failure of empathy in this association. Child abuse and deficient parental empathy were strongly related to one another and separately predictive of symptoms in a sample of 437 female students. Whereas parental empathic failure was found to mediate the long-term effects of physical and extrafamilial sexual abuse, neither it nor incest were capable of predicting most measures of adjustment independently of the other. Findings are discussed in the context of classic developmental psychopathology and trauma resolution theories, and implications for treatment are outlined.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132512989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This article explores the experiences of five children witnessing family violence and the resultant psychological distress they experienced. The study was conducted within a phenomenological framework, using in-depth interviews with the children and caregivers. Analy-Safia Joseph has a Master's Degree in Counseling Psychology. She is Principal Psychologist with South African Police Service and has worked extensively with trauma and violence among adults and children. Analysis of the interviews found that children who witnessed family violence experienced significant psychological distress. The study found that child witnesses exhibited behavioral, affective, and cognitive coping responses to witnessing the events, and it was found that the experience of fear was a pervasive result. However, social support acted as an effective buffer. There appeared to be a significant difference in the coping styles in relation to developmental status and gender. This study highlights the need for further research in the area of family violence.
{"title":"“I can't see him hit her again, I just want to run away … hide and block my ears”","authors":"S. Joseph, Kaymarlin Govender, A. Bhagwanjee","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n04_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n04_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores the experiences of five children witnessing family violence and the resultant psychological distress they experienced. The study was conducted within a phenomenological framework, using in-depth interviews with the children and caregivers. Analy-Safia Joseph has a Master's Degree in Counseling Psychology. She is Principal Psychologist with South African Police Service and has worked extensively with trauma and violence among adults and children. Analysis of the interviews found that children who witnessed family violence experienced significant psychological distress. The study found that child witnesses exhibited behavioral, affective, and cognitive coping responses to witnessing the events, and it was found that the experience of fear was a pervasive result. However, social support acted as an effective buffer. There appeared to be a significant difference in the coping styles in relation to developmental status and gender. This study highlights the need for further research in the area of family violence.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123631223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Little is known about bullying in Taiwan. This study investigated school bullying and its relation to parenting in 325 junior high school students (13 to 16 years) in Taiwan. The study examined (1) the prevalence of bullying, (2) the reactions of bystanders, and (3) the relationship between parents' authoritarian, authoritative, and overprotective parenting practices and their children's bullying. The results suggest that bullying is a prevalent problem in Taiwanese adolescents, and that it may be similar to bullying in Japan (ijime). In addition, relationships between parenting styles and bullying were found. The results highlight the importance of understanding family and school influences on bullying within a culture, and implications for the development of interventions are discussed.
{"title":"School Bullying in Taiwanese Adolescents","authors":"A. Hokoda, Hsueh-Huei A. Lu, M. Angeles","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n04_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n04_04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Little is known about bullying in Taiwan. This study investigated school bullying and its relation to parenting in 325 junior high school students (13 to 16 years) in Taiwan. The study examined (1) the prevalence of bullying, (2) the reactions of bystanders, and (3) the relationship between parents' authoritarian, authoritative, and overprotective parenting practices and their children's bullying. The results suggest that bullying is a prevalent problem in Taiwanese adolescents, and that it may be similar to bullying in Japan (ijime). In addition, relationships between parenting styles and bullying were found. The results highlight the importance of understanding family and school influences on bullying within a culture, and implications for the development of interventions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129810474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Racism is an unnecessary evil and is a complex, man-made construct that continues to destroy many bright futures of people of color. Racism is intricately layered and interwoven in the fabric of life and is a disease of the spirit that has its origin in a lack of brotherly love and could also be described as a lack of reverence for God. This is a personal story of staying whole in a fragmented world through spiritual transformation found in Christianity. It begins in the Caribbean and discusses some aspects of nurturing and upbringing that fostered a sense of positive self-worth, which helped in grooming for social work practice and preparation for dealing with the effects of racism in America.
{"title":"Staying Whole in a Fragmented World","authors":"Lesley Samuel-Young","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n02_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n02_14","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Racism is an unnecessary evil and is a complex, man-made construct that continues to destroy many bright futures of people of color. Racism is intricately layered and interwoven in the fabric of life and is a disease of the spirit that has its origin in a lack of brotherly love and could also be described as a lack of reverence for God. This is a personal story of staying whole in a fragmented world through spiritual transformation found in Christianity. It begins in the Caribbean and discusses some aspects of nurturing and upbringing that fostered a sense of positive self-worth, which helped in grooming for social work practice and preparation for dealing with the effects of racism in America.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127144690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY The extent to which racism impacts social functioning is based on the recognition that those who are able to function adequately view the world and themselves with a sense of worth, independence, and self-determination. Racism adversely impacts oppressed people, manifesting in psychosocial and economic deprivations. Socially inflicted trauma, targeted marketing of commodities that harm health (e.g., alcohol and tobacco), availability of illicit drugs, food that lacks nutrition, and inadequate housing and medical care all impact social functioning. An examination of the onslaught of racism can help practitioners evaluate the extent to which oppression affects one's ability to handle various roles and responsibilities. Consideration will be given to the impact of racism on an individual's strengths and how racism exaggerates limitations.
{"title":"The Impact of Racism on Social Functioning","authors":"B. Edwards","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n02_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n02_03","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The extent to which racism impacts social functioning is based on the recognition that those who are able to function adequately view the world and themselves with a sense of worth, independence, and self-determination. Racism adversely impacts oppressed people, manifesting in psychosocial and economic deprivations. Socially inflicted trauma, targeted marketing of commodities that harm health (e.g., alcohol and tobacco), availability of illicit drugs, food that lacks nutrition, and inadequate housing and medical care all impact social functioning. An examination of the onslaught of racism can help practitioners evaluate the extent to which oppression affects one's ability to handle various roles and responsibilities. Consideration will be given to the impact of racism on an individual's strengths and how racism exaggerates limitations.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132474611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY This article addresses the impact of systemic racism and White privilege in a residential treatment center for children who are referred by the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. The chosen treatment approach, the Sanctuary(r) Model, addresses all forms of oppression through the core concepts of therapeutic community, safety, and trauma theory.
{"title":"Applying an Antiracist Framework to a Residential Treatment Center","authors":"Caro Peacock, G. Daniels","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n02_09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n02_09","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This article addresses the impact of systemic racism and White privilege in a residential treatment center for children who are referred by the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. The chosen treatment approach, the Sanctuary(r) Model, addresses all forms of oppression through the core concepts of therapeutic community, safety, and trauma theory.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132423955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY A primary task of adolescence is the consolidation of one's identity. To successfully achieve this, the adolescent must experience and internalize validation from her immediate community and the culture at large. For young women of color, the effects of intra-family prejudice and societal racism can severely compromise their ability to embrace their ethnic identity. In art therapy, this can manifest as self-rejection in the desire to portray themselves with physical characteristics that are unlike their own. The impact of racism on identity formation for young women of color and the effects of art therapy as a forum treatment will be examined in this article.
{"title":"Color Me Beautiful","authors":"E. McGann","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n02_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n02_12","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY A primary task of adolescence is the consolidation of one's identity. To successfully achieve this, the adolescent must experience and internalize validation from her immediate community and the culture at large. For young women of color, the effects of intra-family prejudice and societal racism can severely compromise their ability to embrace their ethnic identity. In art therapy, this can manifest as self-rejection in the desire to portray themselves with physical characteristics that are unlike their own. The impact of racism on identity formation for young women of color and the effects of art therapy as a forum treatment will be examined in this article.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132540886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janet A. Geller, Jacqueline N. Miller, Patricia Churchill
SUMMARY A vast body of literature exists that illustrates the plight of women in a patriarchal society. Another equally vast body of literature discusses the difficulties of women who are caught in relationships where partner abuse exists. Much has also been written about the misfortunes of women of color in American society. Taken separately, each has obstacles to overcome; when these three intersect, the troubles of battered women of color often create insurmountable barriers to successful resolution. What follows is a description of the complicated impact of the interfacing of these factors and suggestions for improved conceptualization and delivery of services to battered women of color.
{"title":"Triple Trouble","authors":"Janet A. Geller, Jacqueline N. Miller, Patricia Churchill","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n02_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n02_06","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY A vast body of literature exists that illustrates the plight of women in a patriarchal society. Another equally vast body of literature discusses the difficulties of women who are caught in relationships where partner abuse exists. Much has also been written about the misfortunes of women of color in American society. Taken separately, each has obstacles to overcome; when these three intersect, the troubles of battered women of color often create insurmountable barriers to successful resolution. What follows is a description of the complicated impact of the interfacing of these factors and suggestions for improved conceptualization and delivery of services to battered women of color.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130673536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY This article surveys the history of Mexican-United States relations and discusses implications for social work practice engaging the undocumented Mexican population in treatment. Methods of service provision that seek to minimize clients' fear of obtaining social services are discussed. Factors considered include: self-awareness and cultural competency on the part of the worker, trauma symptoms arising from migration, and agency policy considerations that impact service delivery. Practitioners must be educated about immigration policies and public benefits and services available to illegal entrants. Agencies and social workers have to work to engage and empower Mexican clients to enjoy their civil rights in the United States as they build families and flourish in this country.
{"title":"Social Work Practice with Mexican Clients","authors":"Pia Hargrove","doi":"10.1300/J135V06N02_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135V06N02_05","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This article surveys the history of Mexican-United States relations and discusses implications for social work practice engaging the undocumented Mexican population in treatment. Methods of service provision that seek to minimize clients' fear of obtaining social services are discussed. Factors considered include: self-awareness and cultural competency on the part of the worker, trauma symptoms arising from migration, and agency policy considerations that impact service delivery. Practitioners must be educated about immigration policies and public benefits and services available to illegal entrants. Agencies and social workers have to work to engage and empower Mexican clients to enjoy their civil rights in the United States as they build families and flourish in this country.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128192240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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