SUMMARY Mental health professionals have long recognized the importance of empathy in individual therapy. Practitioners and researchers continue to identify the complex role race and other aspects of social identity group membership have on client assessment, engagement, and service utilization. Recent applications of racial identity theory and the worldview construct have contributed to an understanding of the dynamics of therapeutic intervention and clinical supervision. This article describes the work of a Black, Haitian, female client and a White, Anglo-Saxon, male therapist at a community-based family service program. The roles of empathy, racial identity, and worldview on the dynamics of the therapeutic alliance are discussed.
{"title":"Can You Feel Me Now?","authors":"Benjamin G. Kohl","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n02_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n02_11","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Mental health professionals have long recognized the importance of empathy in individual therapy. Practitioners and researchers continue to identify the complex role race and other aspects of social identity group membership have on client assessment, engagement, and service utilization. Recent applications of racial identity theory and the worldview construct have contributed to an understanding of the dynamics of therapeutic intervention and clinical supervision. This article describes the work of a Black, Haitian, female client and a White, Anglo-Saxon, male therapist at a community-based family service program. The roles of empathy, racial identity, and worldview on the dynamics of the therapeutic alliance are discussed.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130991202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Many questions arise in the struggle of West Indians to establish themselves in America, including the role that racism plays in their struggle to develop a community. Some West Indians object to being seen as Black Americans. Unlike White immigrants who may aspire to acculturate and become part of the dominant group, West Indian immigrants are forced to make decisions about their identification, and internalized racism plays a significant role in their ambivalence about fully assimilating into American culture. This article explores the role of internalized racism as it impacts their decisions regarding child rearing. Information from personal interviews of clients in the private psychotherapy practice of the author is included as part of the source material for the article.
{"title":"Immigrant West Indian Families and Their Struggles with Racism in America","authors":"Dadrene Hine-St. Hilaire","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n02_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n02_04","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Many questions arise in the struggle of West Indians to establish themselves in America, including the role that racism plays in their struggle to develop a community. Some West Indians object to being seen as Black Americans. Unlike White immigrants who may aspire to acculturate and become part of the dominant group, West Indian immigrants are forced to make decisions about their identification, and internalized racism plays a significant role in their ambivalence about fully assimilating into American culture. This article explores the role of internalized racism as it impacts their decisions regarding child rearing. Information from personal interviews of clients in the private psychotherapy practice of the author is included as part of the source material for the article.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133814655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY This article examines the transference and countertransference found in an interethnic treatment dyad where the therapist is a heterosexual Black woman and the patient is a homosexual White man. The core issues examined are racial and sexual identity, power and privilege, internalized racism, and shame. Clinical examples, including dream material, are presented in an effort to explore the unconscious aspects of identity and internalized introjects.
{"title":"Internalized Racism of the Clinician and the Treatment Dynamic","authors":"R. T. Chapman","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n02_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n02_13","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This article examines the transference and countertransference found in an interethnic treatment dyad where the therapist is a heterosexual Black woman and the patient is a homosexual White man. The core issues examined are racial and sexual identity, power and privilege, internalized racism, and shame. Clinical examples, including dream material, are presented in an effort to explore the unconscious aspects of identity and internalized introjects.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114179719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY White therapists must accept, confront, and understand the fabric of oppression, and have a treatment model that helps them understand their own racial identity as well as that of their clients. Disowning Whiteness, stepping away from the experience and responsibility of White racial identity, inhibits genuine acknowledgement of privilege, and leads to the unintentional perpetuation of racism. Therapists have a responsibility to go beyond cultural competency and recognize that raising consciousness about racism is as valid and important for White clients as it is for people of color. This paper uses the Helms Racial Identity Model (1995) and a socio-historical analysis of racism to present an antiracist framework for psychotherapy and counseling.
{"title":"Owning Whiteness","authors":"L. Blitz","doi":"10.1300/J135V06N02_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135V06N02_15","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY White therapists must accept, confront, and understand the fabric of oppression, and have a treatment model that helps them understand their own racial identity as well as that of their clients. Disowning Whiteness, stepping away from the experience and responsibility of White racial identity, inhibits genuine acknowledgement of privilege, and leads to the unintentional perpetuation of racism. Therapists have a responsibility to go beyond cultural competency and recognize that raising consciousness about racism is as valid and important for White clients as it is for people of color. This paper uses the Helms Racial Identity Model (1995) and a socio-historical analysis of racism to present an antiracist framework for psychotherapy and counseling.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114971355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"About the Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1300/j135v06n02_a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j135v06n02_a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130770622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Racism is deeply entrenched in American culture and can be unintentionally perpetuated by the same social institutions that strive to help people overcome painful obstacles in their lives. Mental health professionals understand the need to address environmental and social forces when working with individuals and families. Unfortunately, the full meaning and impact of racism can be misunderstood or minimized by practitioners who are guided by “White-Centric” theories. The dynamics of oppression can inhibit the type of deep and honest discussion that can uncover racism embedded in the institution. This article explores the process of understanding and using an antiracist framework to inform staff team building in a domestic violence shelter in New York City.
{"title":"Not So Black and White","authors":"L. Blitz, Linda C. Illidge","doi":"10.1300/J135V06N02_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135V06N02_08","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Racism is deeply entrenched in American culture and can be unintentionally perpetuated by the same social institutions that strive to help people overcome painful obstacles in their lives. Mental health professionals understand the need to address environmental and social forces when working with individuals and families. Unfortunately, the full meaning and impact of racism can be misunderstood or minimized by practitioners who are guided by “White-Centric” theories. The dynamics of oppression can inhibit the type of deep and honest discussion that can uncover racism embedded in the institution. This article explores the process of understanding and using an antiracist framework to inform staff team building in a domestic violence shelter in New York City.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130853509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Two foster care executives encourage agency and parent leaders to rethink their relationships to improve the lives of children in their shared custody. When mothers-of-color charged that white privilege harmed rather than helped children, the white executives connected the accusation to their experience as closeted gay leaders in a religiously-run organization. That unexpected insight became the sharper lens through which they saw some emotional damage caused by their decisions. The executives examined their behavior and transformed their adversarial relationship with parents into a partnership. Their suggestions are based on efforts with parents, mistakes with trustees, and hard lessons learned.
{"title":"A Hope for Foster Care","authors":"K. McGlade, J. Ackerman","doi":"10.1300/J135V06N02_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135V06N02_07","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Two foster care executives encourage agency and parent leaders to rethink their relationships to improve the lives of children in their shared custody. When mothers-of-color charged that white privilege harmed rather than helped children, the white executives connected the accusation to their experience as closeted gay leaders in a religiously-run organization. That unexpected insight became the sharper lens through which they saw some emotional damage caused by their decisions. The executives examined their behavior and transformed their adversarial relationship with parents into a partnership. Their suggestions are based on efforts with parents, mistakes with trustees, and hard lessons learned.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121423762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY This article presents an overview of the complex experiences of racism and the invisibility syndrome as they relate to issues of race-related stress, emotional abuse, and psychological trauma for people of color. Racism, through domination, power, and White privilege, is manifested in its individual, institutional, and cultural forms. Race-related stress is discussed as an outcome of perceived racism creating emotional abuse and psychological trauma. Consequences of racism are considered for family and couple relationships. A case example is presented illustrating the issues of racism in the professional and personal development of a staff member in a mental health agency. Examples of interventions to combat racism are given, such as identifying resilience and strengths of people of color, and the role of the antiracist movement.
{"title":"Racism and Invisibility","authors":"A. Franklin, N. Boyd-Franklin, S. Kelly","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n02_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n02_02","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This article presents an overview of the complex experiences of racism and the invisibility syndrome as they relate to issues of race-related stress, emotional abuse, and psychological trauma for people of color. Racism, through domination, power, and White privilege, is manifested in its individual, institutional, and cultural forms. Race-related stress is discussed as an outcome of perceived racism creating emotional abuse and psychological trauma. Consequences of racism are considered for family and couple relationships. A case example is presented illustrating the issues of racism in the professional and personal development of a staff member in a mental health agency. Examples of interventions to combat racism are given, such as identifying resilience and strengths of people of color, and the role of the antiracist movement.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124171661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Violence, whether actual physical violence or the violence of oppression, is an inarticulate language rooted in an obscure matrix of hate, dread and despair. It connotes qualitatively discrete categories of pain-psychological, emotional, spiritual-that are beyond words, mocking our concept of human understanding. Facts are detached from reality. Reality is estranged from meaning. An academic approach to the subject of human violence that addresses those who commit such acts as well as those who fall victim, must engage something in and of the human experience of the irrational, but explicated from the inside of that experience. This is, admittedly, a quixotic proposition. Yet in the absence of such a perspective, any discussion of human violence is rendered, well, academic.
{"title":"Violence","authors":"W. C. Lyons","doi":"10.1300/J135v06n02_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n02_01","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Violence, whether actual physical violence or the violence of oppression, is an inarticulate language rooted in an obscure matrix of hate, dread and despair. It connotes qualitatively discrete categories of pain-psychological, emotional, spiritual-that are beyond words, mocking our concept of human understanding. Facts are detached from reality. Reality is estranged from meaning. An academic approach to the subject of human violence that addresses those who commit such acts as well as those who fall victim, must engage something in and of the human experience of the irrational, but explicated from the inside of that experience. This is, admittedly, a quixotic proposition. Yet in the absence of such a perspective, any discussion of human violence is rendered, well, academic.","PeriodicalId":415460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emotional Abuse","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115310959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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