Pub Date : 2016-02-08DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010821
Clare Stradling, G Neil Thomas, Karla Hemming, Gary Frost, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Sabi Redwood, Shahrad Taheri
Introduction: HIV drug treatment has greatly improved life expectancy, but increased risk of cardiovascular disease remains, potentially due to the additional burdens of infection, inflammation and antiretroviral treatment. The Mediterranean Diet has been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk and mortality in the general population, but no evidence exists for this effect in the HIV population. This study will explore the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine whether a Mediterranean-style diet that incorporates a portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods, reduces cardiovascular risk in people with HIV dyslipidaemia.
Methods and analysis: 60 adults with stable HIV infection on antiretroviral treatment and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >3 mmol/L will be recruited from 3 West Midlands HIV services. Participants will be randomised 1:1 to 1 of 2 dietary interventions, with stratification by gender and smoking status. Participants allocated to Diet1 will receive advice to reduce saturated fat intake, and those to Diet2 on how to adopt the Mediterranean Portfolio Diet with additional cholesterol-lowering foods (nuts, stanols, soya, oats, pulses). Measurements of fasting blood lipids, body composition and arterial stiffness will be conducted at baseline, and month 6 and 12 of the intervention. Food intake will be assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Score, 3-day food diaries and metabolomic biomarkers. Questionnaires will be used to assess quality of life and process evaluation. Qualitative interviews will explore barriers and facilitators to making dietary changes, and participant views on the intervention. Qualitative data will be analysed using the Framework Method. Feasibility will be assessed in terms of trial recruitment, retention, compliance to study visits and the intervention. SD of outcomes will inform the power calculation of the definitive RCT.
Ethics: The West Midlands Ethics Committee has approved this study and informed consent forms. This trial is the first to test cholesterol-lowering foods in adults with HIV.
导言：艾滋病药物治疗大大延长了患者的预期寿命，但心血管疾病的风险仍在增加，这可能是由于感染、炎症和抗逆转录病毒治疗造成的额外负担。地中海饮食在普通人群中已被证明可以降低心血管风险和死亡率，但在艾滋病人群中却没有这方面的证据。本研究将探索随机对照试验（RCT）的可行性，以检验地中海式饮食（包含一系列降低胆固醇的食物）是否能降低 HIV 血脂异常患者的心血管风险。方法与分析：将从西米德兰兹郡的 3 家 HIV 服务机构招募 60 名接受抗逆转录病毒治疗且低密度脂蛋白胆固醇大于 3 mmol/L 的稳定 HIV 感染成人。参与者将按 1:1 随机分配到两种饮食干预方法中的一种，并根据性别和吸烟状况进行分层。被分配到饮食 1 的参与者将接受减少饱和脂肪摄入量的建议，而被分配到饮食 2 的参与者将接受如何采用地中海组合饮食并添加降胆固醇食物（坚果、甾醇、大豆、燕麦、豆类）的建议。将在基线期、干预期的第 6 个月和第 12 个月测量空腹血脂、身体成分和动脉僵化程度。食物摄入量将通过地中海饮食评分、3 天食物日记和代谢组生物标志物进行评估。问卷调查将用于评估生活质量和过程评估。定性访谈将探讨改变饮食习惯的障碍和促进因素，以及参与者对干预措施的看法。定性数据将采用框架法进行分析。将从试验招募、保留率、研究访问的依从性和干预措施等方面评估可行性。结果的 SD 值将为最终 RCT 的功率计算提供依据：西米德兰兹伦理委员会已批准本研究和知情同意书。该试验是首次在成年艾滋病病毒感染者中测试降低胆固醇的食物。试验注册号：ISRCTN32090191；预结果。
{"title":"Randomised controlled pilot study to assess the feasibility of a Mediterranean Portfolio dietary intervention for cardiovascular risk reduction in HIV dyslipidaemia: a study protocol.","authors":"Clare Stradling, G Neil Thomas, Karla Hemming, Gary Frost, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Sabi Redwood, Shahrad Taheri","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010821","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>HIV drug treatment has greatly improved life expectancy, but increased risk of cardiovascular disease remains, potentially due to the additional burdens of infection, inflammation and antiretroviral treatment. The Mediterranean Diet has been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk and mortality in the general population, but no evidence exists for this effect in the HIV population. This study will explore the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine whether a Mediterranean-style diet that incorporates a portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods, reduces cardiovascular risk in people with HIV dyslipidaemia.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>60 adults with stable HIV infection on antiretroviral treatment and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >3 mmol/L will be recruited from 3 West Midlands HIV services. Participants will be randomised 1:1 to 1 of 2 dietary interventions, with stratification by gender and smoking status. Participants allocated to Diet1 will receive advice to reduce saturated fat intake, and those to Diet2 on how to adopt the Mediterranean Portfolio Diet with additional cholesterol-lowering foods (nuts, stanols, soya, oats, pulses). Measurements of fasting blood lipids, body composition and arterial stiffness will be conducted at baseline, and month 6 and 12 of the intervention. Food intake will be assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Score, 3-day food diaries and metabolomic biomarkers. Questionnaires will be used to assess quality of life and process evaluation. Qualitative interviews will explore barriers and facilitators to making dietary changes, and participant views on the intervention. Qualitative data will be analysed using the Framework Method. Feasibility will be assessed in terms of trial recruitment, retention, compliance to study visits and the intervention. SD of outcomes will inform the power calculation of the definitive RCT.</p><p><strong>Ethics: </strong>The West Midlands Ethics Committee has approved this study and informed consent forms. This trial is the first to test cholesterol-lowering foods in adults with HIV.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>ISRCTN32090191; Pre-results.</p>","PeriodicalId":41547,"journal":{"name":"Historia Instituciones Documentos","volume":"47 1","pages":"e010821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2016-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4746447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63809161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12795/hid.2016.i43.04
A. Roig
espanolEntre los distintos grupos de viajeros de la Edad Media, los eclesiasticos fueron uno de los mas activos. Los canonigos mallorquines de la segunda mitad del siglo XV tambien surcaron los mares para llegar a diferentes destinos. A traves del presente articulo se estudian los viajes realizados por uno de ellos, Gabriel Cerda, que se dirigio a los principales centros de poder de la Corona de Aragon (Napoles y Catalunya) y de la Iglesia (Roma), aunque tambien frecuento la ciudad de Lleida para estudiar y ostentar otro canonicato en su catedral. Su caso es un paradigma del comportamiento de los canonigos mallorquines en relacion a su movilidad geografica. EnglishAmong the different groups of medieval travellers, ecclesiastics were one of the most active. Fifteenth-century Majorcan canons, too, crossed the seas to reach their destinations. This paper considers the voyages of one of them, Gabriel Cerda, who went to the most important centres of power of the Crown of Aragon (Naples and Catalonia) and of the Church (Rome), although he also frequented Lleida in order to study and to hold another canonry in its cathedral. His case is a paradigm of Majorcan canons’ performance related to their geographical mobility.
{"title":"De Mallorca a Nápoles, Lleida y Roma: los viajes del canónigo Gabriel Cerdà (1450-1491)","authors":"A. Roig","doi":"10.12795/hid.2016.i43.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12795/hid.2016.i43.04","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEntre los distintos grupos de viajeros de la Edad Media, los eclesiasticos fueron uno de los mas activos. Los canonigos mallorquines de la segunda mitad del siglo XV tambien surcaron los mares para llegar a diferentes destinos. A traves del presente articulo se estudian los viajes realizados por uno de ellos, Gabriel Cerda, que se dirigio a los principales centros de poder de la Corona de Aragon (Napoles y Catalunya) y de la Iglesia (Roma), aunque tambien frecuento la ciudad de Lleida para estudiar y ostentar otro canonicato en su catedral. Su caso es un paradigma del comportamiento de los canonigos mallorquines en relacion a su movilidad geografica. EnglishAmong the different groups of medieval travellers, ecclesiastics were one of the most active. Fifteenth-century Majorcan canons, too, crossed the seas to reach their destinations. This paper considers the voyages of one of them, Gabriel Cerda, who went to the most important centres of power of the Crown of Aragon (Naples and Catalonia) and of the Church (Rome), although he also frequented Lleida in order to study and to hold another canonry in its cathedral. His case is a paradigm of Majorcan canons’ performance related to their geographical mobility.","PeriodicalId":41547,"journal":{"name":"Historia Instituciones Documentos","volume":"1 1","pages":"99-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66064578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12795/hid.2016.i43.01
Juan Carlos Arboleda Goldaracena
espanolEn este trabajo queremos presentar la amplia variedad de practicas de piedad y devocion llevadas a cabo por los miembros de las cofradias en la Sevilla de finales de la Edad Media y comienzos de la modernidad. Lo haremos mediante el uso de una fuente fundamental para estudiarlas y para conocer este tipo de fenomenos: las reglas de estas instituciones. Por su propia naturaleza, los documentos procedentes de estas asociaciones, formadas preferentemente por laicos, reflejan plenamente como vivian y sentian los miembros de este gran colectivo dentro de la Iglesia catolica. Por tanto, estudiar la religiosidad cofrade es tambien estudiar el sentir religioso de los laicos. Nos centraremos en tres aspectos fundamentales: los sacramentos, el ano liturgico y el conjunto de otras practicas de piedad a las que los creyentes recurrian para manifestar su devocion a Dios, la Virgen Maria y los santos. EnglishIn this paper we aim to show the different kinds of devotions which confraternities practiced in Seville at the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Early Modern period. In order to achieve our purpose we have used confraternities’ rules. These associations were generally composed of laypersons, which means that their documents show how this people felt and lived. We have studied three different aspects: sacraments, the liturgical year and the different types of religious practices and devotions used by people in order to express their devotion to God, the Virgin and the saints.
在这本书中，我们想要展示中世纪晚期和现代早期塞维利亚兄弟会成员所进行的各种各样的虔诚和虔诚的实践。我们将通过使用一个基本的来源来研究和了解这类现象:这些机构的规则。这些协会的性质，最好是由俗人组成，充分反映了这个伟大的团体的成员在天主教会的生活和感受。因此，研究兄弟的宗教信仰也就是研究俗人的宗教情感。我们将集中讨论三个基本方面:圣礼、礼拜年和信徒用来表达对上帝、圣母玛利亚和圣徒的忠诚的其他虔诚行为。在这篇论文中，我们试图展示不同类型的devotions，在中世纪的结束和早期现代时期的开始。的In order to our目的we have用来confraternities“rules。这些协会一般都是由个人组成的，这意味着他们的文件显示了人们的感受和生活。我们研究了三个不同的方面:圣礼、礼拜年和人们用来表达对上帝、圣母和圣徒的虔诚的不同类型的宗教实践和虔诚。
{"title":"La religiosidad de las cofradías en la Sevilla de los siglos XIV al XVI: sacramentos, ciclo litúrgico y prácticas devocionales","authors":"Juan Carlos Arboleda Goldaracena","doi":"10.12795/hid.2016.i43.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12795/hid.2016.i43.01","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este trabajo queremos presentar la amplia variedad de practicas de piedad y devocion llevadas a cabo por los miembros de las cofradias en la Sevilla de finales de la Edad Media y comienzos de la modernidad. Lo haremos mediante el uso de una fuente fundamental para estudiarlas y para conocer este tipo de fenomenos: las reglas de estas instituciones. Por su propia naturaleza, los documentos procedentes de estas asociaciones, formadas preferentemente por laicos, reflejan plenamente como vivian y sentian los miembros de este gran colectivo dentro de la Iglesia catolica. Por tanto, estudiar la religiosidad cofrade es tambien estudiar el sentir religioso de los laicos. Nos centraremos en tres aspectos fundamentales: los sacramentos, el ano liturgico y el conjunto de otras practicas de piedad a las que los creyentes recurrian para manifestar su devocion a Dios, la Virgen Maria y los santos. EnglishIn this paper we aim to show the different kinds of devotions which confraternities practiced in Seville at the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Early Modern period. In order to achieve our purpose we have used confraternities’ rules. These associations were generally composed of laypersons, which means that their documents show how this people felt and lived. We have studied three different aspects: sacraments, the liturgical year and the different types of religious practices and devotions used by people in order to express their devotion to God, the Virgin and the saints.","PeriodicalId":41547,"journal":{"name":"Historia Instituciones Documentos","volume":"1 1","pages":"11-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66064520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12795/HID.2016.I43.02
Juan Manuel Bello León
espanolCon un fondo documental excepcional procedente de los archivos de Simancas y Real Chancilleria de Valladolid que recogen la contribucion de varios centenares de mercaderes al almojarifazgo mayor de Sevilla y la declaracion detallada del valor de las llamadas rentas menudas de dicho almojarifazgo, en este trabajo se ofrecen nuevos datos sobre la evolucion de esta renta en la ciudad de Sevilla a finales de la Edad Media. EnglishThis work offers new evidence about the evolution of custom duties in the city of Seville by the end of the Middle Ages. Its exceptional sources are located in the Simancas Record Office and in that of Valladolid Royal Chancery. The files contain the contributions issued by hundreds of merchants to the Sevillian Almojarifazgo Major rentas menudas (custom duty) and their detailed tax declaration concerning the worth of the so called “petty customs” in that particular almojarifazgo.
espanolCon特殊基金纪录片从Simancas和真实Chancilleria文件的收集奉献的数百名商人almojarifazgo批发塞维利亚和所谓的一些价值的详细声明说almojarifazgo,在这份工作提供了新的数据evolucion这个租金在塞维利亚市中世纪末期。这篇论文提供了关于中世纪晚期塞维利亚市习俗演变的新证据。Simancas特殊源are located in the Office and in that of的Royal Chancery记录。这些文件载有数百名商人向塞维利亚Almojarifazgo主要收入(海关)所作的贡献，以及他们就该特定Almojarifazgo所谓“小关税”的价值所作的详细纳税申报单。
{"title":"La cuenta de mercaderes y las rentas menudas del Almojarifazgo Mayor de Sevilla a finales del siglo XV","authors":"Juan Manuel Bello León","doi":"10.12795/HID.2016.I43.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12795/HID.2016.I43.02","url":null,"abstract":"espanolCon un fondo documental excepcional procedente de los archivos de Simancas y Real Chancilleria de Valladolid que recogen la contribucion de varios centenares de mercaderes al almojarifazgo mayor de Sevilla y la declaracion detallada del valor de las llamadas rentas menudas de dicho almojarifazgo, en este trabajo se ofrecen nuevos datos sobre la evolucion de esta renta en la ciudad de Sevilla a finales de la Edad Media. EnglishThis work offers new evidence about the evolution of custom duties in the city of Seville by the end of the Middle Ages. Its exceptional sources are located in the Simancas Record Office and in that of Valladolid Royal Chancery. The files contain the contributions issued by hundreds of merchants to the Sevillian Almojarifazgo Major rentas menudas (custom duty) and their detailed tax declaration concerning the worth of the so called “petty customs” in that particular almojarifazgo.","PeriodicalId":41547,"journal":{"name":"Historia Instituciones Documentos","volume":"1 1","pages":"31-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66064569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12795/HID.2016.I43.07
Á. G. G. D. Paredes
espanolEste trabajo pretende analizar un aspecto de lo que podriamos considerar la vida en comun de los canonigos de la catedral de Pamplona en el siglo XIV. En particular, las desavenencias provocadas o los acuerdos logrados, reflejados en la documentacion conservada en los fondos del archivo de la catedral de Pamplona, nos permiten llegar a conocer con mayor detalle tanto las condiciones de vida material, como el clima espiritual de los miembros de esta institucion capitular. EnglishThis article aims to analyze what we consider to be canons’ community life in Pamplona’s Cathedral during the 14th c. Particularly, their agreements and disagreements, as they have been reflected in documents preserved in the Cathedral’s archive, allows us to further explore both the material conditions they lived in, as well as the spiritual atmosphere of the member of this institution.
这篇文章的目的是分析14世纪潘普洛纳大教堂的教士们的共同生活的一个方面。特别是，引起的分歧或达成的协议，反映在潘普洛纳大教堂档案中保存的文件中，使我们能够更详细地了解这个分会成员的物质生活条件和精神气候。EnglishThis条区域to analyze what we考虑to be canons“community in潘普洛纳’s大教堂during the 14th c。尤其是,其协议及disagreements得到反映documents preserved in the大教堂’s archive, allows us to both the conditions they材料一起进一步探索in, as well as the gayatri naraine大气of the委员of this监控。
{"title":"Encuentros y desencuentros en el seno del cabildo de la Catedral de Pamplona (Siglo XIV)","authors":"Á. G. G. D. Paredes","doi":"10.12795/HID.2016.I43.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12795/HID.2016.I43.07","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste trabajo pretende analizar un aspecto de lo que podriamos considerar la vida en comun de los canonigos de la catedral de Pamplona en el siglo XIV. En particular, las desavenencias provocadas o los acuerdos logrados, reflejados en la documentacion conservada en los fondos del archivo de la catedral de Pamplona, nos permiten llegar a conocer con mayor detalle tanto las condiciones de vida material, como el clima espiritual de los miembros de esta institucion capitular. EnglishThis article aims to analyze what we consider to be canons’ community life in Pamplona’s Cathedral during the 14th c. Particularly, their agreements and disagreements, as they have been reflected in documents preserved in the Cathedral’s archive, allows us to further explore both the material conditions they lived in, as well as the spiritual atmosphere of the member of this institution.","PeriodicalId":41547,"journal":{"name":"Historia Instituciones Documentos","volume":"1 1","pages":"171-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66064834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12795/HID.2016.I43.05
Laura da Graca
espanolPartiendo de lo que han planteado los historiadores sobre el origen de la industria rural a domicilio y sobre el papel de sectores de la produccion en su organizacion, se analiza la evidencia de paneria en el ambito rural de Piedrahita y en concejos de los alrededores durante el siglo XV. El estudio se concentra en la presencia de artesanos en las aldeas, en las condiciones que presenta el area en terminos de mano de obra, infraestructura y disponibilidad de materias primas y en la circulacion de textiles producidos en el campo. El objetivo es evaluar el desarrollo de industrias rurales y su relacion con la elite de las aldeas. EnglishTaking into account different approaches to the origins of rural cloth industry and to the role played by producers in its organization, we will analyze the evidence of rural clothmaking in the jurisdiction of Piedrahita and other councils during the fifteenth century. We will focus on the presence of craftsmen in the villages, on the conditions that the area shows in terms of labour, raw materials, infrastructure, and on the circulation of textiles produced in the countryside. The aim of this work is to assess the development of rural industries and its relation with villages elites.
{"title":"Industrias rurales y diferenciación social. Testimonios en Piedrahíta y sus alrededores (siglo XV)","authors":"Laura da Graca","doi":"10.12795/HID.2016.I43.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12795/HID.2016.I43.05","url":null,"abstract":"espanolPartiendo de lo que han planteado los historiadores sobre el origen de la industria rural a domicilio y sobre el papel de sectores de la produccion en su organizacion, se analiza la evidencia de paneria en el ambito rural de Piedrahita y en concejos de los alrededores durante el siglo XV. El estudio se concentra en la presencia de artesanos en las aldeas, en las condiciones que presenta el area en terminos de mano de obra, infraestructura y disponibilidad de materias primas y en la circulacion de textiles producidos en el campo. El objetivo es evaluar el desarrollo de industrias rurales y su relacion con la elite de las aldeas. EnglishTaking into account different approaches to the origins of rural cloth industry and to the role played by producers in its organization, we will analyze the evidence of rural clothmaking in the jurisdiction of Piedrahita and other councils during the fifteenth century. We will focus on the presence of craftsmen in the villages, on the conditions that the area shows in terms of labour, raw materials, infrastructure, and on the circulation of textiles produced in the countryside. The aim of this work is to assess the development of rural industries and its relation with villages elites.","PeriodicalId":41547,"journal":{"name":"Historia Instituciones Documentos","volume":"134 1","pages":"115-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66064587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12795/HID.2016.I43.06
M. D. Hernando
espanolContribucion al estudio de la evolucion de la rentabilidad de las explotaciones ganaderas trashumantes en la Corona de Castilla durante el siglo XVI, desde la perspectiva de la incidencia que sobre la misma tuvo la evolucion del mercado lanero. El autor analiza una masa documental muy diversificada, fragmentaria y dispersa, referente a un ambito geografico concreto, el del partido mesteno soriano. Ademas de las informaciones disponibles sobre beneficios o perdidas de alguna gran explotacion, analiza en particular abundantes noticias sobre precios de lanas durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI, poniendolos en relacion con otros indicios sobre la evolucion de la rentabilidad del negocio de la cria de ganado trashumante. Concluye que, con la informacion disponible para la region soriana, no se puede admitir que el periodo de dificultades para la ganaderia trashumante se iniciase antes de la decada de 1570, pues la de 1560 fue todavia de notable prosperidad. EnglishContribution to the study of the evolution of the profitability of the transhumant sheeprearing enterprises in the Crown of Castile during the sixteenth century, from the point of view of the influence exercised upon it by the evolution of the wool market. The author annalyses a very diversified, fragmentary and dispersed group of sources referred to the region of Soria. Besides the available information about profits and losses of some transhumant sheeprearing enterprises, he takes into account the available information about wool prices during the second half of the sixteenth century, and he establishes some connexions between this information and other signs that inform about the evolution of the profitability of these enterprises. He arrives to the conclusion that, according to the information available for the region of Soria, we cannot admit that the period of economic difficulties for the transhumant sheeprearing enterprises started before the decade of 1570, because the decade of 1560 was still a very prosperous one for them.
从羊毛市场的发展对其产生的影响的角度，对16世纪卡斯提尔国王时期牲畜农场盈利能力发展的研究做出了贡献。作者分析了一个非常多样化的，零星的和分散的文件，涉及一个特定的地理背景，梅斯坦诺索里亚诺党。除了一些大型农场的利润或损失的现有信息外，它还特别分析了16世纪下半叶关于羊毛价格的丰富新闻，将它们与其他关于牲畜饲养业务盈利能力发展的迹象联系起来。他的结论是，根据索里亚地区现有的信息，不能承认牲畜迁移的困难时期开始于1570年之前，因为1560年仍然是显著的繁荣。英国对研究十六世纪卡斯提尔皇冠上的移位绵羊企业盈利能力演变的贡献，从羊毛市场演变对其产生的影响的角度来看。提交人非常annalyses a diversified, fragmentary and dispersed group of来源提到to The region of雅阁下。莉亚the information about令and losses提供一些transhumant sheeprearing enterprises,我站稳into account the information about wool价格提供during the second half of sixteenth century,和我一些问题connexions between this information and other signs that inform about the evolution of the profitability这些企业。他得出的结论是，根据索里亚地区现有的资料，我们不能承认在1570年代以前就开始了迁移绵羊企业的经济困难时期，因为1560年代对它们来说仍然是非常繁荣的时期。
{"title":"Algunas manifestaciones de la crisis de las explotaciones ganaderas trashumantes en la Corona de Castilla durante las últimas décadas del siglo XVI","authors":"M. D. Hernando","doi":"10.12795/HID.2016.I43.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12795/HID.2016.I43.06","url":null,"abstract":"espanolContribucion al estudio de la evolucion de la rentabilidad de las explotaciones ganaderas trashumantes en la Corona de Castilla durante el siglo XVI, desde la perspectiva de la incidencia que sobre la misma tuvo la evolucion del mercado lanero. El autor analiza una masa documental muy diversificada, fragmentaria y dispersa, referente a un ambito geografico concreto, el del partido mesteno soriano. Ademas de las informaciones disponibles sobre beneficios o perdidas de alguna gran explotacion, analiza en particular abundantes noticias sobre precios de lanas durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI, poniendolos en relacion con otros indicios sobre la evolucion de la rentabilidad del negocio de la cria de ganado trashumante. Concluye que, con la informacion disponible para la region soriana, no se puede admitir que el periodo de dificultades para la ganaderia trashumante se iniciase antes de la decada de 1570, pues la de 1560 fue todavia de notable prosperidad. EnglishContribution to the study of the evolution of the profitability of the transhumant sheeprearing enterprises in the Crown of Castile during the sixteenth century, from the point of view of the influence exercised upon it by the evolution of the wool market. The author annalyses a very diversified, fragmentary and dispersed group of sources referred to the region of Soria. Besides the available information about profits and losses of some transhumant sheeprearing enterprises, he takes into account the available information about wool prices during the second half of the sixteenth century, and he establishes some connexions between this information and other signs that inform about the evolution of the profitability of these enterprises. He arrives to the conclusion that, according to the information available for the region of Soria, we cannot admit that the period of economic difficulties for the transhumant sheeprearing enterprises started before the decade of 1570, because the decade of 1560 was still a very prosperous one for them.","PeriodicalId":41547,"journal":{"name":"Historia Instituciones Documentos","volume":"1 1","pages":"141-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66064772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12795/HID.2016.I43.03
Cañas Pelayo, Marcos Rafael
espanolDurante el ano de 1597, la ciudad de Cordoba celebro un Auto de Fe con una gran presencia de reos portugueses. Si bien hubo condenados aislados y sin conexiones con el resto de procesados, encontramos varios casos de familias lusitanas (por ejemplo, el linaje de los Andrada) poseedoras de fuertes vinculos de parentesco y economicos dentro de los condenados por el Tribunal Inquisitorial. Grupos que adquirieron propiedades, cargos municipales preeminentes (como jurados o escribanos publicos) y riqueza que les convirtieron en integrantes del poder local. Sus estrategias matrimoniales combinaron una endogamia consanguinea, que reforzaba sus vinculos de parentesco, con uniones conyugales destinadas a enlazar con familias astigitanas, protagonizando un gradual proceso de asimilacion y un destacado ascenso social. El significativo numero de cristianos nuevos que encontramos en esta comunidad nos revela una llegada a Castilla anterior a la que tradicionalmente se habia pensado, junto a una integracion que se ve afectada, bajo el problema religioso, por conflictos de tipo etnico y social. EnglishDuring 1597, an “Auto de Fe” [Public penance of heretics by the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal] was celebrated in the city of Cordoba, with considerable presence of Portuguese penitents. While there were some isolated prisoners, unrelated to the rest of the accused, it is possible to find some examples of Lusitanian families (for instance, the Andradas lineage) having strong social and economic ties among the prosecuted by the Holy Office. These groups had acquired properties, prominent magistracies (such as jurors or public notaries) and wealth, which made them members of the local power of the city. Their marriage strategies combined an inbreeding that strengthened their ties of kindship with marital unions destined to connect prominent “astigitanas” families, starring a gradual process of assimilation and a notorious eminent upward mobility. The significant number of Portuguese New Christians found in this community reveals an arrival of this social group to Castilla earlier to what it has been traditionally thought, as well as an integration affected, under the religious problem, by ethnic and social conflicts.
1597年，科尔多瓦市举行了一场由葡萄牙囚犯参加的Auto de Fe庆典。虽然有些人被单独定罪，与其他被告没有联系，但我们发现一些卢西塔尼亚家族(例如，安德拉达家族)在被宗教法庭定罪的人中间有很强的亲属关系和经济联系。获得财产、杰出的市政职位(如陪审员或公证人)和财富的团体，使他们成为地方权力的成员。他们的婚姻策略结合了近亲通婚(这加强了他们的亲属关系)和旨在与阿斯提吉卜赛家庭联系的婚姻结合，导致了逐渐的同化过程和显著的社会进步。在这个社区中发现的大量新基督徒表明，他们比传统上认为的更早到达卡斯提尔，以及在宗教问题下受到种族和社会冲突影响的融合。1597年，在科尔多瓦市举行了一场“Auto de Fe”(西班牙和葡萄牙宗教裁判所对异教徒的公开惩罚)，有相当多的葡萄牙忏悔者在场。虽然有些囚犯与其他被告没有联系，但可以找到一些卢西塔尼亚家庭(例如，安德拉达斯家族)与神圣办公室的被告之间有着牢固的社会和经济联系的例子。这些团体获得了财产、杰出法官(如陪审员或公证人)和财富，使他们成为城市地方权力的成员。他们的婚姻策略结合了一种亲缘关系，加强了他们与婚姻结合的亲缘关系，目的是将突出的“阿斯提吉塔纳人”家庭联系起来，逐步融入社会，并具有显著的向上流动。在这个社区中发现的大量葡萄牙新基督徒表明，这个社会群体早在传统思想之前就来到了卡斯提尔，并受到宗教问题、种族和社会冲突的影响。
{"title":"Cristianos nuevos portugueses en Écija: integración y dificultades (finales siglo XVI- comienzos siglo XVII)","authors":"Cañas Pelayo, Marcos Rafael","doi":"10.12795/HID.2016.I43.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12795/HID.2016.I43.03","url":null,"abstract":"espanolDurante el ano de 1597, la ciudad de Cordoba celebro un Auto de Fe con una gran presencia de reos portugueses. Si bien hubo condenados aislados y sin conexiones con el resto de procesados, encontramos varios casos de familias lusitanas (por ejemplo, el linaje de los Andrada) poseedoras de fuertes vinculos de parentesco y economicos dentro de los condenados por el Tribunal Inquisitorial. Grupos que adquirieron propiedades, cargos municipales preeminentes (como jurados o escribanos publicos) y riqueza que les convirtieron en integrantes del poder local. Sus estrategias matrimoniales combinaron una endogamia consanguinea, que reforzaba sus vinculos de parentesco, con uniones conyugales destinadas a enlazar con familias astigitanas, protagonizando un gradual proceso de asimilacion y un destacado ascenso social. El significativo numero de cristianos nuevos que encontramos en esta comunidad nos revela una llegada a Castilla anterior a la que tradicionalmente se habia pensado, junto a una integracion que se ve afectada, bajo el problema religioso, por conflictos de tipo etnico y social. EnglishDuring 1597, an “Auto de Fe” [Public penance of heretics by the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal] was celebrated in the city of Cordoba, with considerable presence of Portuguese penitents. While there were some isolated prisoners, unrelated to the rest of the accused, it is possible to find some examples of Lusitanian families (for instance, the Andradas lineage) having strong social and economic ties among the prosecuted by the Holy Office. These groups had acquired properties, prominent magistracies (such as jurors or public notaries) and wealth, which made them members of the local power of the city. Their marriage strategies combined an inbreeding that strengthened their ties of kindship with marital unions destined to connect prominent “astigitanas” families, starring a gradual process of assimilation and a notorious eminent upward mobility. The significant number of Portuguese New Christians found in this community reveals an arrival of this social group to Castilla earlier to what it has been traditionally thought, as well as an integration affected, under the religious problem, by ethnic and social conflicts.","PeriodicalId":41547,"journal":{"name":"Historia Instituciones Documentos","volume":"53 1","pages":"71-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66064574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12795/HID.2016.I43.08
G. Martínez, A. Claret
espanolEl presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal conocer el nivel de preparacion de los enfermeros que trabajaron en algunos de los mas importantes hospitales espanoles en torno al ano 1600 en el tratamiento de las enfermedades de transmision sexual, especialmente la sifilis. Para su tratamiento los enfermeros conocian y aplicaban ya en torno al ano 1600 un conjunto de tecnicas complejas y su trabajo se movia bajo unas directrices eticas. Ello podria ser indicador de los inicios de la profesionalizacion de la Enfermeria en Espana, mucho antes de lo que se viene considerando en otros paises, que se situa este proceso en el siglo XIX. Los enfermeros comenzaron ya en este periodo a elevar su nivel de formacion para proporcionar unos cuidados que respondieran a los avances medicos del momento y se puedieran aplicar, al menos en los hospitales espanoles erigidos en las grandes ciudades, como Sevilla y Madrid. EnglishThis study seeks to determine the level of training that nurses working in the most important Spanish hospitals reached towards the year 1600 in the treatments applied to patients with STDs (sexually transmitted diseases), particularly syphilis. The nurses knew and already applied around 1600 a set of complex techniques to care for and heal the sick of syphilis and other STDs. All this demonstrates an increase in the demands of the training of Spanish nurses, who worked under ethical guidelines, and we could assume the beginnings of the professionalization of nursing in such an early age. In 16th century Spain, nurses began to raise their educational level to provide care that could respond to the new knowledge that medicine was discovering as a result of the general scientific development of the time, and that should be applied in the new hospitals that were erected in the main Spanish cities.
这项研究的主要目的是了解1600年左右在西班牙一些最重要的医院工作的护士在治疗性传播疾病，特别是梅毒方面的准备水平。在这一过程中，我们发现了一种特殊的治疗方法，在这种方法中，病人的身体、精神和精神状态都得到了改善。这可能是西班牙护理专业化开始的标志，比其他国家所考虑的要早得多，这一过程发生在19世纪。在这一时期，护士开始提高他们的培训水平，以提供符合当时医学进步的护理，并可以应用，至少在西班牙大城市的医院，如塞维利亚和马德里。本研究旨在确定在西班牙最重要的医院工作的护士在治疗性病(性传播疾病)，特别是梅毒患者方面达到1600年的培训水平。应用around The护士*和违法行为1600 a set of complex技术to care for and heal The烦syphilis and other STDs。所有这些都表明，对按照道德准则工作的西班牙护士的培训需求有所增加，我们可以假定，在这么早的时候就开始实行护理专业化。In精简century Spain塞拉利昂的护士,对提高他们的教育水平提供护理可针对医学respond to the new knowledge that was discovering因此of the scientific development of the time, and that should be applied In the new医院质证erected In the main西班牙城市。
{"title":"Nursing Cares given to the Sufferers from Syphilis in the Hospital del Espíritu Santo of Sevilla (Spain) around the Year 1600. Books and Documents","authors":"G. Martínez, A. Claret","doi":"10.12795/HID.2016.I43.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12795/HID.2016.I43.08","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal conocer el nivel de preparacion de los enfermeros que trabajaron en algunos de los mas importantes hospitales espanoles en torno al ano 1600 en el tratamiento de las enfermedades de transmision sexual, especialmente la sifilis. Para su tratamiento los enfermeros conocian y aplicaban ya en torno al ano 1600 un conjunto de tecnicas complejas y su trabajo se movia bajo unas directrices eticas. Ello podria ser indicador de los inicios de la profesionalizacion de la Enfermeria en Espana, mucho antes de lo que se viene considerando en otros paises, que se situa este proceso en el siglo XIX. Los enfermeros comenzaron ya en este periodo a elevar su nivel de formacion para proporcionar unos cuidados que respondieran a los avances medicos del momento y se puedieran aplicar, al menos en los hospitales espanoles erigidos en las grandes ciudades, como Sevilla y Madrid. EnglishThis study seeks to determine the level of training that nurses working in the most important Spanish hospitals reached towards the year 1600 in the treatments applied to patients with STDs (sexually transmitted diseases), particularly syphilis. The nurses knew and already applied around 1600 a set of complex techniques to care for and heal the sick of syphilis and other STDs. All this demonstrates an increase in the demands of the training of Spanish nurses, who worked under ethical guidelines, and we could assume the beginnings of the professionalization of nursing in such an early age. In 16th century Spain, nurses began to raise their educational level to provide care that could respond to the new knowledge that medicine was discovering as a result of the general scientific development of the time, and that should be applied in the new hospitals that were erected in the main Spanish cities.","PeriodicalId":41547,"journal":{"name":"Historia Instituciones Documentos","volume":"1 1","pages":"193-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66064396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.12795/hid.2015.i42.05
G. Floris
espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es dar a conocer el testamento inedito de uno de los personajes mas importantes de la Edad Media italiana durante la lucha entre guelfos y gibelinos. Ugolino Visconti, exponente de una de las mas poderosas casas de Pisa en el siglo XIII, goberno por derecho hereditario sobre parte de Cerdena, jugando al mismo tiempo un rol de primera linea en los sucesos politicos de Pisa, con notables repercusiones en el ambito mediterraneo. El testamento contribuye a dar luz sobre los acontecimientos historico-politicos de interes para Cerdena, la peninsula italica y el Mediterraneo, antes de la conquista catalanoaragonesa del 'Regnum Sardiniae'. italianoL'obiettivo di questo articolo e quello di far conoscere il testamento inedito di uno dei personaggi piu potenti del medioevo italiano durante la lotta tra guelfi e ghibellini. Ugolino Visconti, esponente di una delle piu grandi casate pisane nel XIII secolo, si trovo a governare per diritto ereditario su parte della Sardegna, rivestendo al contempo un ruolo di primo piano nelle vicende politiche pisane, con notevoli ripercussioni nell’ambito mediterraneo. Il testamento contribuisce a far luce sugli avvenimenti storico-politici che interessarono la Sardegna, la penisola italiana e il Mediterraneo, prima della conquista catalano-aragonese del 'Regnum Sardiniae'. EnglishThe aim of this article is to present the unpublished will of one of the most important personalities of the Italian Middle Ages, during the conflict between Guelphs and Ghibellines. Ugolino Visconti, one of the most powerful exponents of the families of Pisa in the 13th century, he ruled by hereditary right over part of the region of Sardinia, affecting about political events of Pisa, with significant effects within Mediterranean area. The document contributes to illustrate the historical and political events in Sardinia, in the Italian Peninsula and in the Mediterranean area, before the conquest of Regnum Sardiniae and of its annexion to the confederation of the Crown of Aragon.
这篇文章的目的是让人们知道意大利中世纪圭尔派和吉伯林派斗争中最重要的人物之一的未发表的遗嘱。乌戈利诺·维斯康蒂(Ugolino Visconti)是13世纪比萨最强大的家族之一的代表，他继承了Cerdena的部分地区，同时在比萨的政治事件中发挥了重要作用，在地中海地区产生了显著的影响。该遗嘱有助于阐明Cerdena、意大利半岛和地中海感兴趣的历史和政治事件，在加泰罗尼亚-阿拉贡人征服Regnum Sardiniae之前。这篇文章的目的是让我们了解中世纪意大利最强大的人物之一在圭尔菲和吉贝里尼时期的未出版遗嘱。乌戈利诺·维斯康蒂(Ugolino Visconti)是比萨第十三届最伟大的住宅的创始人，他在撒丁岛的部分地区担任总督和编辑，与当代比萨政治副市长的主要钢琴伴奏相竞争，与地中海地区的主要打击乐团相竞争。他的遗嘱为撒丁岛、意大利半岛和地中海地区的历史政治利益做出了贡献，这是加泰罗尼亚-阿拉贡征服“Regnum撒丁岛”的主要原因。这篇文章的目的是介绍意大利中世纪最重要的人物之一，在圭尔夫和吉贝林的冲突中。Ugolino维斯孔蒂,one of the most powerful exponents of the families of Pisa in the century,我的表弟ruled by hereditary right over part of the region of Sardinia,影响about political events of Pisa with开展effects within地中海地区。The document密to illustrate The历史and political events in Sardinia in The意大利半岛和地中海地区,在成立的Regnum Sardiniae and of its annexion to The联合会of The Crown of他们。
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