Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.21001/imagotemporis.v0i0.317183
F. Sabaté
The Catalan researchers in Medieval History during the period 2003-2009 had reached 3,393,339.77 € for research projects and published 1,249 articles, chapters and books, of which only 11.04% were written in a language other than Catalan or Spanish, although most of the authors had an adequate level of internationalization and taking part of the main lines of research’s innovation. Researchers must combine research, teaching and the management of its centers. The posts are funded according not research but teaching necessities, and the authorities promote hired places more than civil servants.
{"title":"Medieval History in the Catalan Research Institutions (2003-2009)","authors":"F. Sabaté","doi":"10.21001/imagotemporis.v0i0.317183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/imagotemporis.v0i0.317183","url":null,"abstract":"The Catalan researchers in Medieval History during the period 2003-2009 had reached 3,393,339.77 € for research projects and published 1,249 articles, chapters and books, of which only 11.04% were written in a language other than Catalan or Spanish, although most of the authors had an adequate level of internationalization and taking part of the main lines of research’s innovation. Researchers must combine research, teaching and the management of its centers. The posts are funded according not research but teaching necessities, and the authorities promote hired places more than civil servants.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317191
M. Asenjo
Identities in the urban world are mental constructs of varying degrees of complexity that are built on the structure of the social groups to which they refer. But urban identity was a complex system also constructed based upon responsibilities and efforts, which served to cultivate common work. In Castile the towns and cities had a high capacity for management and organisation from their creation. The common identity was represented by the oligarchic government and the cities only brought before the king rivalries among themselves. This lack of sovereign urban identity leads to the supposition that the ambitions were absorbed in the feelings of identity with the community of the kingdom and monarchy would reserve an unquestionable leading role for the cities.
{"title":"Urban Identity in Castile in the 15th century","authors":"M. Asenjo","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317191","url":null,"abstract":"Identities in the urban world are mental constructs of varying degrees of complexity that are built on the structure of the social groups to which they refer. But urban identity was a complex system also constructed based upon responsibilities and efforts, which served to cultivate common work. In Castile the towns and cities had a high capacity for management and organisation from their creation. The common identity was represented by the oligarchic government and the cities only brought before the king rivalries among themselves. This lack of sovereign urban identity leads to the supposition that the ambitions were absorbed in the feelings of identity with the community of the kingdom and monarchy would reserve an unquestionable leading role for the cities.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.21001/ITMA.2016.10.11
J. Jara
Seigneurial pressure, exerted on cities and towns and their municipal jurisdictions by the nobility, constituted one of the dominant traits of Castilian politics in the 15th century. Notwithstanding the extent and intensity that this pressure might reach in general, few cities and towns were subjected to the (individual or coordinated) actions of important numbers of noblemen. This was the case of the city of Cuenca. This was one of the reasons explaining the relative success achieved by the city in fighting these agreesions. The presence of a significant number of noblemen, each of them seeking their own interest, lessened (relatively) their ability to depradate Cuenca’s hinterland. This constriction (over the city and its jurisdiction) also influenced both elites and commoners to adopt a cooperative line of action. This way, Cuenca body politic laid out the key political traits of its communal political identity. These policies and marks of identity were observed throughout the years of civil war and, at least, until the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth I, when the pressure exerted by the nobility was reduced to a reasonable dimension.
{"title":"Seigneurial Pressure: external constrictions and stimuli in the construction of urban collective identities in 15th Century Castile","authors":"J. Jara","doi":"10.21001/ITMA.2016.10.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/ITMA.2016.10.11","url":null,"abstract":"Seigneurial pressure, exerted on cities and towns and their municipal jurisdictions by the nobility, constituted one of the dominant traits of Castilian politics in the 15th century. Notwithstanding the extent and intensity that this pressure might reach in general, few cities and towns were subjected to the (individual or coordinated) actions of important numbers of noblemen. This was the case of the city of Cuenca. This was one of the reasons explaining the relative success achieved by the city in fighting these agreesions. The presence of a significant number of noblemen, each of them seeking their own interest, lessened (relatively) their ability to depradate Cuenca’s hinterland. This constriction (over the city and its jurisdiction) also influenced both elites and commoners to adopt a cooperative line of action. This way, Cuenca body politic laid out the key political traits of its communal political identity. These policies and marks of identity were observed throughout the years of civil war and, at least, until the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth I, when the pressure exerted by the nobility was reduced to a reasonable dimension.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68232655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317187
Vincent Challet
The Petit Thalamus of Montpellier contains the oldest urban chronicle ever written in a vernacular language in Western Europe and this chronicle, whose oldest versions are dating from the beginning of the 13th century, is the conscious work of a consulate that accomplishes a flashback on its origins. Then, it does not simply record the history of Montpellier: by forging a common memory, it creates the town as a universitas and plays a decisive role in the emergence of an urban consciousness. In addition to the common walls, which realised the physical unity of Montpellier, the Petit Thalamus, by contributing to the mental unity of the citizens, has been one of the most important pieces in the creation of the town, whose importance is equal to the great seal of the consulate. Thus, it is a keystone in the construction of this fragile balance that represents a medieval town.
{"title":"The ‘Petit Thalamus’ of Montpellier. Moving mirror of an urban political Identity","authors":"Vincent Challet","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317187","url":null,"abstract":"The Petit Thalamus of Montpellier contains the oldest urban chronicle ever written in a vernacular language in Western Europe and this chronicle, whose oldest versions are dating from the beginning of the 13th century, is the conscious work of a consulate that accomplishes a flashback on its origins. Then, it does not simply record the history of Montpellier: by forging a common memory, it creates the town as a universitas and plays a decisive role in the emergence of an urban consciousness. In addition to the common walls, which realised the physical unity of Montpellier, the Petit Thalamus, by contributing to the mental unity of the citizens, has been one of the most important pieces in the creation of the town, whose importance is equal to the great seal of the consulate. Thus, it is a keystone in the construction of this fragile balance that represents a medieval town.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317192
Véronique Lamazou-Duplan
In Toulouse, in the 14th and 15th centuries, in a difficult and changing context, the urban elites, embodied by the well-known Capitoulat, actually make up a heterogeneous, mobile, and divided group. In spite of their social diversity and their differences, however, these men manage to establish a political identity shared by this group which includes high-ranking citizens and the ruling urban class. The purpose of this paper is to examine the to-and-fro movement between the Toulouse elites’ otherness and identity, which thus invents urban identity, by studying discourses and representations, thanks to different sources (normative documents and documents de la pratique, such as notarial records), iconography, but also through the way of life and material culture.
在14和15世纪的图卢兹，在一个困难和变化的背景下，以著名的Capitoulat为代表的城市精英，实际上构成了一个异质的、流动的、分裂的群体。然而，尽管他们的社会多样性和他们的差异，这些人设法建立了一个政治认同，这个群体包括高级公民和统治城市阶级。本文的目的是研究图卢兹精英的他者性和身份之间的来回运动，从而发明了城市身份，通过研究话语和表征，由于不同的来源(规范性文件和文件de la pratique，如公证记录)，肖像学，也通过生活方式和物质文化。
{"title":"Identity and Difference among the Toulouse Elite at the end of the Middle Ages: Discourse, epresentations and Practices","authors":"Véronique Lamazou-Duplan","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317192","url":null,"abstract":"In Toulouse, in the 14th and 15th centuries, in a difficult and changing context, the urban elites, embodied by the well-known Capitoulat, actually make up a heterogeneous, mobile, and divided group. In spite of their social diversity and their differences, however, these men manage to establish a political identity shared by this group which includes high-ranking citizens and the ruling urban class. The purpose of this paper is to examine the to-and-fro movement between the Toulouse elites’ otherness and identity, which thus invents urban identity, by studying discourses and representations, thanks to different sources (normative documents and documents de la pratique, such as notarial records), iconography, but also through the way of life and material culture.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.21001/ITMA.2016.10.10
J. Barrio
The article analyses the mechanisms of denunciation used in the early years of operation of the Royal Inquisition court of Valencia in the late 15th century. Our study of the testimony given by a group of old Christians who denounced various Jewish converts in the city of Xativa has enabled us to reconstruct how denunciation took place, and the development of the climate of social betrayal which was encouraged by the inquisitorial authorities. We have identified the informants —old Christians— and those denounced —Jewish converts— and their respective socio-professional occupations. The informants were extremely intolerant of their Jewish converso neighbours, whose attitudes they monitored. They used the new horizontal mechanisms for social control, implemented, disseminated and encouraged by the inquisitorial authorities, which encouraged old Christians to observe, monitor and report dissident behaviour and practices among Jewish converts in Valencia.
{"title":"‘Saben moltes coses contra molts convessos de Xàtiva e de València’. Converted Jews in the Kingdom of Valencia: Denunciation and social Betrayal in Late 15th century Xàtiva","authors":"J. Barrio","doi":"10.21001/ITMA.2016.10.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/ITMA.2016.10.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the mechanisms of denunciation used in the early years of operation of the Royal Inquisition court of Valencia in the late 15th century. Our study of the testimony given by a group of old Christians who denounced various Jewish converts in the city of Xativa has enabled us to reconstruct how denunciation took place, and the development of the climate of social betrayal which was encouraged by the inquisitorial authorities. We have identified the informants —old Christians— and those denounced —Jewish converts— and their respective socio-professional occupations. The informants were extremely intolerant of their Jewish converso neighbours, whose attitudes they monitored. They used the new horizontal mechanisms for social control, implemented, disseminated and encouraged by the inquisitorial authorities, which encouraged old Christians to observe, monitor and report dissident behaviour and practices among Jewish converts in Valencia.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68232550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.21001/ITMA.2016.10.09
A. Costa
The concept of small cities adopted in this article corresponds to urban centres with low relevance in the Portuguese political system. To identify these territorial communities, several classification criteria are suggested (namely the legal status and the political profile of the town) that, after being exploited in monographic studies, may allow conceiving an interpretative model. The most important criterion discussed in this article is the political culture that the concelhos (“municipalities”) preserved in the dialogue they established with the crown. It can be asserted that for the 14th century we have not identified any difference between the discourse delivered by the most important and the less important municipalities in this institutional relationship. This is not the case for the 15th century. Indeed, while small cities keep merely defending the legal order, large cities created an autonomous political identity.
{"title":"Is there a model of political Identity in the small Cities of Portugal in the Late Middle Ages? A preliminary theoretical approach","authors":"A. Costa","doi":"10.21001/ITMA.2016.10.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/ITMA.2016.10.09","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of small cities adopted in this article corresponds to urban centres with low relevance in the Portuguese political system. To identify these territorial communities, several classification criteria are suggested (namely the legal status and the political profile of the town) that, after being exploited in monographic studies, may allow conceiving an interpretative model. The most important criterion discussed in this article is the political culture that the concelhos (“municipalities”) preserved in the dialogue they established with the crown. It can be asserted that for the 14th century we have not identified any difference between the discourse delivered by the most important and the less important municipalities in this institutional relationship. This is not the case for the 15th century. Indeed, while small cities keep merely defending the legal order, large cities created an autonomous political identity.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68232630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.21001/ITMA.2016.10.15
Carolina Martín
This paper analyses the concept of interpretation centres as an effective tool to understand heritage. At the same time, it presents the case study of the Centre del Romanic de la Vall de Boi (CRVB) in Erill la Vall (Lleida). This model has been selected after a previous study taking into consideration qualitative, descriptive and exploratory criteria. The study was carried out in numerous Romanesque art interpretation centres throughout Spain. The results of the analysis show that this case includes those basic aspects established in the investigation in order to become an educational model that seeks as its main objective the proper interpretation of the Romanesque teaching.
本文分析了作为理解遗产的有效工具的解说中心的概念。同时，它还介绍了Erill la Vall (Lleida)的Boi Romanic de la Vall de Boi中心(CRVB)的案例研究。该模型是在考虑了定性、描述性和探索性标准的先前研究之后选择的。这项研究在西班牙各地的许多罗马式艺术解说中心进行。分析结果表明，该案例包含了调查中确立的基本方面，以成为一种以正确解释罗马式教学为主要目标的教育模式。
{"title":"The use of interactive and educational tools to understand romanesque Heritage: a case study in Erill La Vall (Lleida)","authors":"Carolina Martín","doi":"10.21001/ITMA.2016.10.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/ITMA.2016.10.15","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the concept of interpretation centres as an effective tool to understand heritage. At the same time, it presents the case study of the Centre del Romanic de la Vall de Boi (CRVB) in Erill la Vall (Lleida). This model has been selected after a previous study taking into consideration qualitative, descriptive and exploratory criteria. The study was carried out in numerous Romanesque art interpretation centres throughout Spain. The results of the analysis show that this case includes those basic aspects established in the investigation in order to become an educational model that seeks as its main objective the proper interpretation of the Romanesque teaching.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68232325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317185
L. Tanzini
One of the most striking expressions of political identity of the Italian medieval cities is the early creation of municipal myths of origin. Most communal cities could relate themselves to ancient heroes, saints or emperors who were claimed to be their first founders in past centuries. Such a legendary creation of the origin was obviously an ideological tool to improve the municipal sense of identity. This paper aims to study the changing attitudes of municipal elites towards the ancient history of the city, starting from the first municipal chronicles in 12th century, through the great universal narratives of the 13th, until the dawn of humanistic historiography in late 14th.
{"title":"‘De origine civitatis’. The building of civic Identity in Italian communal Chronicles (12th-14th century) Lorenzo Tanzini","authors":"L. Tanzini","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317185","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most striking expressions of political identity of the Italian medieval cities is the early creation of municipal myths of origin. Most communal cities could relate themselves to ancient heroes, saints or emperors who were claimed to be their first founders in past centuries. Such a legendary creation of the origin was obviously an ideological tool to improve the municipal sense of identity. This paper aims to study the changing attitudes of municipal elites towards the ancient history of the city, starting from the first municipal chronicles in 12th century, through the great universal narratives of the 13th, until the dawn of humanistic historiography in late 14th.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317186
J. Haemers
This article studies the social protest of the 1280s in the main cities of the county of Flanders. The protestors were a very heterogeneous group, because wealthy tradesmen, craftsmen and middle class artisans united forces to fight their common enemy, the established families that had governed the cities for many decades. The protesters had a shared, distinct and insistent identity. They presented themselves as the meentucht, a vernacular translation (or better: a contemporary interpretation) of the Latin communitas. The use of this term as a basis for their self-definition justified their protest because the rebels saw themselves as the true commoners of the city.
{"title":"The Identity of the urban ‘Commoners’ in 13th century Flanders","authors":"J. Haemers","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.317186","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the social protest of the 1280s in the main cities of the county of Flanders. The protestors were a very heterogeneous group, because wealthy tradesmen, craftsmen and middle class artisans united forces to fight their common enemy, the established families that had governed the cities for many decades. The protesters had a shared, distinct and insistent identity. They presented themselves as the meentucht, a vernacular translation (or better: a contemporary interpretation) of the Latin communitas. The use of this term as a basis for their self-definition justified their protest because the rebels saw themselves as the true commoners of the city.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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