Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i3164
I. J. Dantata, W. P. Dauda, H. Philip, C. Adetunji
Weeds plague food crop agriculture of regions of the world. This continued with no adequate and most cost-effective control measures available. Weedicides, for sure, are the leading solution to challenges posed by weeds in the food crop agriculture; however, high costs and the underlying environmental and health repercussions have prompted many works in biological strategies to tackle weeds. The current work gives an overview of rhizobacteria's (RB) efficacy evaluation in tackling weeds dynamics in the crop production system. RB, as free-living soil microorganisms detrimental to weeds in nature; colonize plant roots, suppresses and inhibits the growth of seeds and seedlings in various pathways and mechanisms involving a spectrum of biosynthesized toxins as phytogenic compounds or metabolites. However, RB's efficacy is a constraint due to many reasons such as low activity, a limited spectrum of activities, reduced survival rates, persistence of the suppressive and inhibitive compounds, and complexity of the interactions between the RB and the target weeds. It is imperative to understand the interaction between the weeds and rhizospheres ecological systems to improve the RB approach's efficacy and effectiveness. Hence, advances in microbial genetics, microorganism-plant interactions, and community-level analysis of microbial organisms, including microbe-host relationships that include various biological agents and their potential hosts with higher susceptibility virulence, are essential. Treatments that really can guarantee a longer shelf life, effectiveness, and continued existence of microbial agents, microbial population structure and function that can accelerate microbial weed suppression systems and molecular characterization are essential. Likewise, fatty acid profiling of the targeted weeds suppression strategy, nucleic acid tools, an array pyrosequencing. All these as paradigm shifts to precisely control weeds in cropping systems to increase yield and boost productivity.
{"title":"Efficacy of Rhizobacteria in Weed Dynamics of Crop Production Rhythm","authors":"I. J. Dantata, W. P. Dauda, H. Philip, C. Adetunji","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i3164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i3164","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds plague food crop agriculture of regions of the world. This continued with no adequate and most cost-effective control measures available. Weedicides, for sure, are the leading solution to challenges posed by weeds in the food crop agriculture; however, high costs and the underlying environmental and health repercussions have prompted many works in biological strategies to tackle weeds. The current work gives an overview of rhizobacteria's (RB) efficacy evaluation in tackling weeds dynamics in the crop production system. RB, as free-living soil microorganisms detrimental to weeds in nature; colonize plant roots, suppresses and inhibits the growth of seeds and seedlings in various pathways and mechanisms involving a spectrum of biosynthesized toxins as phytogenic compounds or metabolites. However, RB's efficacy is a constraint due to many reasons such as low activity, a limited spectrum of activities, reduced survival rates, persistence of the suppressive and inhibitive compounds, and complexity of the interactions between the RB and the target weeds. It is imperative to understand the interaction between the weeds and rhizospheres ecological systems to improve the RB approach's efficacy and effectiveness. Hence, advances in microbial genetics, microorganism-plant interactions, and community-level analysis of microbial organisms, including microbe-host relationships that include various biological agents and their potential hosts with higher susceptibility virulence, are essential. Treatments that really can guarantee a longer shelf life, effectiveness, and continued existence of microbial agents, microbial population structure and function that can accelerate microbial weed suppression systems and molecular characterization are essential. Likewise, fatty acid profiling of the targeted weeds suppression strategy, nucleic acid tools, an array pyrosequencing. All these as paradigm shifts to precisely control weeds in cropping systems to increase yield and boost productivity.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122979528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2163
Bori Haoua, O. D. Halima, D. G. Iro, A. Toudou
Nutritional characterization is an essential component for a better knowledge of the different ecotypes of Niger tiger nut. To do this, 20 samples of tiger nut tubers were taken for nutritional investigation, including 5 ecotypes representative of the Niger tiger nut and 15 others randomly selected from the ecotypes collected in the producing villages in the Maradi and Dosso regions. The content of mineral elements was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the content of macronutrients determined by different types of assay. The results showed that the tiger nut ecotypes are rich in lipids (12,00% to 25.20%), carbohydrates (24.50% to 47.70%), fiber (21.90% to 39.40%), protein (2.90% to 11.90%), and mineral elements such as calcium (14.100± 5.44a to 65.380± 19.940), iron (0.881± 0.017 to 15.809± 6.524), potassium (102.800± 2.970 to 308.410± 8.900), magnesium (366.800 ±1.942 to 471.830± 8.927). The fat content is much higher in small tigernut ecotypes with an average of 21.60% than in large tigernut ecotypes with an average of 14.90%. The Copper (Cu), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) contents are significantly identical for all the ecotypes studied. On the other hand, the Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Potassium(K) contents of ecotypes E1(Big tigernut), E2(Small tiger nut), E3(Small tiger nut), E4(Small black tiger nut), E5(Small wild tiger nut), E7(Small wild tiger nut), E8(Small tiger nut), E9(Small tiger nut), E11(Small tiger nut), E12(Small tiger nut), et E15(Big tigernut) are significantly higher compared to the other ecotypes. The study showed that the tiger nut tubers are rich in iron and that the iron composition of the wild ecotype is much higher. Compared to other foods, the tigernut tubers of certain ecotypes studied(E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E7,E8, E9, E11, E12 and E15) are richer in iron than the leaves of Moriga oleifera (3.810 ± 0.120mg/100g), the pods of Vigna unguiculata (7.800± 0.150mg /100g) and leaves of Hubicus sabdariffa (8.270 ± 1.010 mg/100 g).
{"title":"Nutritional and Mineral Compositions of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) Tubers from Different Ecotypes in Niger","authors":"Bori Haoua, O. D. Halima, D. G. Iro, A. Toudou","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2163","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional characterization is an essential component for a better knowledge of the different ecotypes of Niger tiger nut. To do this, 20 samples of tiger nut tubers were taken for nutritional investigation, including 5 ecotypes representative of the Niger tiger nut and 15 others randomly selected from the ecotypes collected in the producing villages in the Maradi and Dosso regions. The content of mineral elements was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the content of macronutrients determined by different types of assay. The results showed that the tiger nut ecotypes are rich in lipids (12,00% to 25.20%), carbohydrates (24.50% to 47.70%), fiber (21.90% to 39.40%), protein (2.90% to 11.90%), and mineral elements such as calcium (14.100± 5.44a to 65.380± 19.940), iron (0.881± 0.017 to 15.809± 6.524), potassium (102.800± 2.970 to 308.410± 8.900), magnesium (366.800 ±1.942 to 471.830± 8.927). The fat content is much higher in small tigernut ecotypes with an average of 21.60% than in large tigernut ecotypes with an average of 14.90%. The Copper (Cu), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) contents are significantly identical for all the ecotypes studied. On the other hand, the Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Potassium(K) contents of ecotypes E1(Big tigernut), E2(Small tiger nut), E3(Small tiger nut), E4(Small black tiger nut), E5(Small wild tiger nut), E7(Small wild tiger nut), E8(Small tiger nut), E9(Small tiger nut), E11(Small tiger nut), E12(Small tiger nut), et E15(Big tigernut) are significantly higher compared to the other ecotypes. The study showed that the tiger nut tubers are rich in iron and that the iron composition of the wild ecotype is much higher. Compared to other foods, the tigernut tubers of certain ecotypes studied(E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E7,E8, E9, E11, E12 and E15) are richer in iron than the leaves of Moriga oleifera (3.810 ± 0.120mg/100g), the pods of Vigna unguiculata (7.800± 0.150mg /100g) and leaves of Hubicus sabdariffa (8.270 ± 1.010 mg/100 g).","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123644052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2162
Sebrina Shahniza Saiin, Sabrina Abdul Razak, M. Rashid, Muhamad Hafiz Muhamad Hassan, Zul Helmey Mohd Sabdin
Aims: This experiment aimed to study the effect of girdling, paclobutrazol application, combined methods, and untreated trees on physiological response, vegetative and reproductive growth, and fruiting. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out from August 2021 to June 2022 at MARDI, Serdang, Selangor, using five years of open-field Mangifera indica cv. Harumanis trees. Study Design: The study was arranged in the frame of randomized complete block design with three replications and three samples per treatment; ANOVA and DMRT at p=0.05 were used for significance and post hoc comparison, respectively. Methodology: Each replication consists of: T1- No induction (Control); T2- girdling at primary branches; T3- soil drenching at 4 ml/l PBZ and T4- girdling at primary branches + soil drenching at 4 ml/l PBZ. The girdling process was performed by removing a 10 mm width ring of bark at all primary branches. Paclobutrazol (25% active ingredient) of the commercial product was used. The treatments were performed concurrently on 1st December 2021 at the same morphological size as the tree subjected to similar light exposure. Results: The combination method of girdling and paclobutrazol application had the most significant adverse effect on internode length. Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed in plant stem diameter, height, number of primary and secondary branches, and number of shoots generated from all treatments. The combined method reflected a significant reduction in stomatal conductance, rate of photosynthesis, and transpiration rate. However, the intercellular CO2 concentration of this combined method and untreated tree is significantly higher. Flowering appears on the leaf buds 90 days after the treatment for paclobutrazol application and the combined method. These methods also resulted in yield per fruit and yield per tree. Conclusion: Based on the results, the combination method of girdling and paclobutrazol application was effective to reduce vegetative growth, suppress physiological capacity, yet the most effective to produce flowering and fruit yield.
{"title":"Effect of Girdling and Paclobutrazol on Growth, Plant Physiology, Inflorescence and Fruiting of Mangifera indica cv. Harumanis in Agroclimatic-Zone 3 of Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Sebrina Shahniza Saiin, Sabrina Abdul Razak, M. Rashid, Muhamad Hafiz Muhamad Hassan, Zul Helmey Mohd Sabdin","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2162","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This experiment aimed to study the effect of girdling, paclobutrazol application, combined methods, and untreated trees on physiological response, vegetative and reproductive growth, and fruiting. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out from August 2021 to June 2022 at MARDI, Serdang, Selangor, using five years of open-field Mangifera indica cv. Harumanis trees. \u0000Study Design: The study was arranged in the frame of randomized complete block design with three replications and three samples per treatment; ANOVA and DMRT at p=0.05 were used for significance and post hoc comparison, respectively. \u0000Methodology: Each replication consists of: T1- No induction (Control); T2- girdling at primary branches; T3- soil drenching at 4 ml/l PBZ and T4- girdling at primary branches + soil drenching at 4 ml/l PBZ. The girdling process was performed by removing a 10 mm width ring of bark at all primary branches. Paclobutrazol (25% active ingredient) of the commercial product was used. The treatments were performed concurrently on 1st December 2021 at the same morphological size as the tree subjected to similar light exposure. \u0000Results: The combination method of girdling and paclobutrazol application had the most significant adverse effect on internode length. Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed in plant stem diameter, height, number of primary and secondary branches, and number of shoots generated from all treatments. The combined method reflected a significant reduction in stomatal conductance, rate of photosynthesis, and transpiration rate. However, the intercellular CO2 concentration of this combined method and untreated tree is significantly higher. Flowering appears on the leaf buds 90 days after the treatment for paclobutrazol application and the combined method. These methods also resulted in yield per fruit and yield per tree. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the results, the combination method of girdling and paclobutrazol application was effective to reduce vegetative growth, suppress physiological capacity, yet the most effective to produce flowering and fruit yield.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124861347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2161
Md. Rafat Al Foysal, Md. Khalid Hasan Tarek, M. Biswas, M. Miah, M. Hoque
Aims: Transplant (T) aman is occupying a major portion of rice based cropping system in Sylhet region, Bangladesh. Still majority of farmers are circled to cultivate local T. aman rice cultivars, but the overall yield is very low. Agronomic management can be a good option to boost up the yield potential of these local cultivars. This study was conducted to observe the influence of planting geometry on the yield of local aman cultivars. Study Design: Randomized complete block design. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted to find out optimum plant density of local cultivars of T. aman rice during the period from August 2017 to December 2017 at farmer’s field located at Jointapur, Sylhet. Methodology: The study were replicated thrice in randomized complete block design considering four rice cultivars viz. Beruin (V1), Moinasail (V2), Nagrasail (V3) and, BRRI dhan49 (Control, check variety) (V4) and four plant spacings viz. (15 × 15) cm (S1), (20 × 15) cm (S2), (20 × 20) cm (S3) and (20×25) cm (S4). Results: The results indicated that the highest grain yield were recorded in (2.65 t ha-1) in the variety V4, which was statistically similar with V3 (2.60 t ha-1). The highest grain yield (2.87 t ha-1) was obtained (V4 × S4) while the lowest (1.58 t ha-1) from (V1 × S1). Among the local varieties highest grain yield (2.64 t ha-1) recorded in (V3 × S4) which was statistically similar (V4 × S4). Conclusion: Outcomes of the study revealed that Nagrasail (V3) with (20 × 25) cm plant spacing is a promising option, and isthe best one for local T. aman cultivar cultivation in Sylhet region.
目的:在孟加拉国Sylhet地区，移植(T) aman正在占据水稻种植系统的主要部分。尽管如此，大多数农民仍被圈地种植当地稻品种，但总体产量很低。农艺管理是提高这些地方品种产量潜力的一个很好的选择。研究了不同种植形态对地方阿曼品种产量的影响。研究设计:随机完全区组设计。研究地点和时间:本试验于2017年8月至2017年12月在锡尔赫特邦Jointapur的农民田间进行，以确定当地稻品种的最佳种植密度。方法:采用随机完全区组设计，采用4个水稻品种，即Beruin (V1)、Moinasail (V2)、Nagrasail (V3)和BRRI dhan49(对照对照品种)(V4)和4个株距，即(15 × 15) cm (S1)、(20× 15) cm (S2)、(20× 20) cm (S3)和(20×25) cm (S4)，重复试验3次。结果:结果表明，V4籽粒产量最高(2.65 t ha-1)，与V3籽粒产量(2.60 t ha-1)具有统计学上的相似性。V4 × S4籽粒产量最高(2.87 t ha-1)， V1 × S1籽粒产量最低(1.58 t ha-1)。地方品种中，(V3 × S4)籽粒产量最高，为2.64 t hm -1，与(V4 × S4)相近。结论:株距为(20 × 25) cm的Nagrasail (V3)是Sylhet地区种植柽柳的最佳选择。
{"title":"Effect of Plant Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Local Aman Rice Cultivar","authors":"Md. Rafat Al Foysal, Md. Khalid Hasan Tarek, M. Biswas, M. Miah, M. Hoque","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2161","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Transplant (T) aman is occupying a major portion of rice based cropping system in Sylhet region, Bangladesh. Still majority of farmers are circled to cultivate local T. aman rice cultivars, but the overall yield is very low. Agronomic management can be a good option to boost up the yield potential of these local cultivars. This study was conducted to observe the influence of planting geometry on the yield of local aman cultivars. \u0000Study Design: Randomized complete block design. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted to find out optimum plant density of local cultivars of T. aman rice during the period from August 2017 to December 2017 at farmer’s field located at Jointapur, Sylhet. \u0000Methodology: The study were replicated thrice in randomized complete block design considering four rice cultivars viz. Beruin (V1), Moinasail (V2), Nagrasail (V3) and, BRRI dhan49 (Control, check variety) (V4) and four plant spacings viz. (15 × 15) cm (S1), (20 × 15) cm (S2), (20 × 20) cm (S3) and (20×25) cm (S4). \u0000Results: The results indicated that the highest grain yield were recorded in (2.65 t ha-1) in the variety V4, which was statistically similar with V3 (2.60 t ha-1). The highest grain yield (2.87 t ha-1) was obtained (V4 × S4) while the lowest (1.58 t ha-1) from (V1 × S1). Among the local varieties highest grain yield (2.64 t ha-1) recorded in (V3 × S4) which was statistically similar (V4 × S4). \u0000Conclusion: Outcomes of the study revealed that Nagrasail (V3) with (20 × 25) cm plant spacing is a promising option, and isthe best one for local T. aman cultivar cultivation in Sylhet region.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115691038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-18DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2160
Agustina G. Pattung, Nathaniel Llamelo, S. Bangyad, Ramon Dorado, Lea Balingit, Oliver Situt, Adjustor Batara
The study was conducted to determine the growth and yield of mungbean integrated as a cash crop in the Conservation Agriculture in Forest Ecosystem (CAFÉ) Project sites at Barangay Guina-ang, Conner, Apayao. The CAFÉ Project was launched with the intention of promoting environmentally sound farming practices in the uplands of Apayao. The four mungbean varieties: NSIC Mg 05 – Pag-asa 11, NSIC Mg 12 – Pag-asa 19, NSIC Mg 09 – Pag-asa 15, and NSIC Mg 17 – Pag-asa 17 were planted around 2 meters away from the nearest trees in partially-shaded areas with slopes not exceeding 50 degrees. It was laid out in 5 m x 10 m quadrants arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results of the study revealed that V1 and V2 were late maturing (86.50; 87.16 DAT), taller (65.25; 68.85 cm), had more pods per plant (16.72; 15.92), longer pod length (9.42; 9.36cm) more seeds per pod (12.42; 10.88), heavier seed weight (33.46; 28.49g) and higher seed yield (656.45; 610.20 kg/ha) as compared to V3 and V4. In conclusion, NSIC Mg 05 – Pag-asa 11 and NSIC Mg 12 – Pag-asa 19 had better growth performance and yield in partially shaded areas integrated as a cash crop in the CAFÉ Project site at Conner, Apayao.
{"title":"Integration of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) as Cash Crop on Shaded Land Areas at Café Project in Conner, Apayao","authors":"Agustina G. Pattung, Nathaniel Llamelo, S. Bangyad, Ramon Dorado, Lea Balingit, Oliver Situt, Adjustor Batara","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2160","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to determine the growth and yield of mungbean integrated as a cash crop in the Conservation Agriculture in Forest Ecosystem (CAFÉ) Project sites at Barangay Guina-ang, Conner, Apayao. The CAFÉ Project was launched with the intention of promoting environmentally sound farming practices in the uplands of Apayao. The four mungbean varieties: NSIC Mg 05 – Pag-asa 11, NSIC Mg 12 – Pag-asa 19, NSIC Mg 09 – Pag-asa 15, and NSIC Mg 17 – Pag-asa 17 were planted around 2 meters away from the nearest trees in partially-shaded areas with slopes not exceeding 50 degrees. It was laid out in 5 m x 10 m quadrants arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results of the study revealed that V1 and V2 were late maturing (86.50; 87.16 DAT), taller (65.25; 68.85 cm), had more pods per plant (16.72; 15.92), longer pod length (9.42; 9.36cm) more seeds per pod (12.42; 10.88), heavier seed weight (33.46; 28.49g) and higher seed yield (656.45; 610.20 kg/ha) as compared to V3 and V4. In conclusion, NSIC Mg 05 – Pag-asa 11 and NSIC Mg 12 – Pag-asa 19 had better growth performance and yield in partially shaded areas integrated as a cash crop in the CAFÉ Project site at Conner, Apayao.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122685519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2159
Muhiyadin Abdilahi Ali, Md. Rezaul Karim, M. A. Osman
The study aimed at exploring constraints faced by small-scale farmers in the production of major crops such as Sorghum and Maize; and find out their relationship with the selected characteristics of the farmers with the constraints they faced. The small-scale farmers of Baki, Dilla, Sabawanag, and Idhanks under the Borama and Baki districts were the respondents of the study. Data were collected by using a pre-tested structured interview schedule with a randomly selected sample of 92 farmers from a population of 1,250 farmers. Results indicated that among ten selected characters of the farmers, education, cosmopolites, training received, knowledge of climate change, and extension media contact showed a positive significant relationship with the constraints faced by the small-scale farmers in the production of major crops like sorghum and maize. On the other hand, farm size, land cultivation area, and annual income showed a negative significant relationship. The rest of the characteristics such as age and farming experience did not show any significant relationship with the constraints faced by the farmers. The results also showed that the highest proportion of the farmers (65.2 percent) faced medium constraints, while 22.8 percent and 12.0 percent of them faced low and high constraints, respectively. Among the 18 selected constraints, the highest constraints facing index (CFI) was found for ‘attack of diseases and pests in crop field’ which is 276 and the lowest was ‘lack of co-operation from family members with a score of 56. The study suggests that these constraints need to be solved to ensure food security and increase agricultural production in Awdal Region, Somaliland.
{"title":"Constraints Faced By the Small-Scale Farmers in the Production of Major Crops Sorghum and Maize in Awdal Region, Somaliland","authors":"Muhiyadin Abdilahi Ali, Md. Rezaul Karim, M. A. Osman","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2159","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at exploring constraints faced by small-scale farmers in the production of major crops such as Sorghum and Maize; and find out their relationship with the selected characteristics of the farmers with the constraints they faced. The small-scale farmers of Baki, Dilla, Sabawanag, and Idhanks under the Borama and Baki districts were the respondents of the study. Data were collected by using a pre-tested structured interview schedule with a randomly selected sample of 92 farmers from a population of 1,250 farmers. Results indicated that among ten selected characters of the farmers, education, cosmopolites, training received, knowledge of climate change, and extension media contact showed a positive significant relationship with the constraints faced by the small-scale farmers in the production of major crops like sorghum and maize. On the other hand, farm size, land cultivation area, and annual income showed a negative significant relationship. The rest of the characteristics such as age and farming experience did not show any significant relationship with the constraints faced by the farmers. The results also showed that the highest proportion of the farmers (65.2 percent) faced medium constraints, while 22.8 percent and 12.0 percent of them faced low and high constraints, respectively. Among the 18 selected constraints, the highest constraints facing index (CFI) was found for ‘attack of diseases and pests in crop field’ which is 276 and the lowest was ‘lack of co-operation from family members with a score of 56. The study suggests that these constraints need to be solved to ensure food security and increase agricultural production in Awdal Region, Somaliland.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129332600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i1157
J. G. Gnahoua, Marie Luce Mâ Semba Ouattara, Zonlehoua Coulibali, L. Diomandé, Y. Soro
Aims: This study was aimed to increase the sustainability of smallholder cotton cultivation in Côte d’Ivoire, through the implementation of Integrated Soil Fertility Management, combining the use of moderate amounts of mineral fertilizer and fortified organic manure. Study Design: The experiment was set up in a Fisher block design, with four treatments and three replications. Place and Duration of Study: The trials were conducted in four locations across two largest cotton growing areas (Odienne and Minignan) in the northern agro-ecological zone, between March and September 2021. Methodology: The technical options included: 1) mineral fertilizer (25 kg NPK ha-1 + 12.5 kg urea ha-1) + 0 kg manure ha-1 (control), 2) mineral fertilizer + 50 kg manure ha-1, 3) mineral fertilizer + 75 kg manure ha-1 and 4) local practice (200 kg NPK ha-1 + 50 kg urea ha-1 + 0 kg manure ha-1). Results: The results showed an increase in seed cotton yield for the manure treatments compared to the control treatment. Non-significant yield difference was found between the manure treatments and local practice. The average yields obtained in Odienne were 5.73 ± 0.70 t ha-1 for 75 kg manure ha-1 and 5.13 ± 0.96 for 50 kg manure ha-1, versus 2.58 ± 0.76 t ha-1 for the control treatment. In Minignan, the average yields obtained were 6.86 ± 1.76 t ha-1 for 75 kg manure ha-1 and 5.73 ± 0.70 t ha-1 for 50 kg manure ha-1, versus 2.58 ± 0.76 t ha-1 for the control. The Agronomic Efficiency of applied manure varied from 37.00 ± 13.07 to 73.41 ± 16.89 kg cotton kg-1 and from 44.34 ± 15.05 to 1 for the two agro-ecological zones. Conclusion: The Integrated Soil Fertility Management system was proven to be a promising pathway for achieving sustainable intensification of smallholder cotton cultivation systems.
目的:本研究旨在通过实施综合土壤肥力管理，结合使用适量矿肥和强化有机肥，提高Côte科特迪瓦小农棉花种植的可持续性。研究设计:采用Fisher区组设计，设4个处理，3个重复。研究地点和时间:试验于2021年3月至9月在北部农业生态区两个最大的棉花种植区(Odienne和Minignan)的四个地点进行。方法:技术方案包括:1)矿肥(25公斤氮磷钾ha-1 + 12.5公斤尿素ha-1) + 0公斤粪肥ha-1(对照)，2)矿肥+ 50公斤粪肥ha-1, 3)矿肥+ 75公斤粪肥ha-1和4)地方实践(200公斤氮磷钾ha-1 + 50公斤尿素ha-1 + 0公斤粪肥ha-1)。结果:与对照处理相比，有机肥处理籽棉产量显著提高。有机肥处理与当地做法产量差异不显著。75 kg hm -1和50 kg hm -1处理的平均产量分别为5.73±0.70 t hm -1和5.13±0.96 t hm -1，对照处理为2.58±0.76 t hm -1。在米尼南，75 kg粪肥处理的平均产量为6.86±1.76 t hm -1, 50 kg粪肥处理的平均产量为5.73±0.70 t hm -1，对照为2.58±0.76 t hm -1。两个农业生态区施用有机肥的农艺效率分别为37.00±13.07 ~ 73.41±16.89 kg棉花kg-1和44.34±15.05 ~ 1。结论:土壤肥力综合管理系统是实现小农棉花种植系统可持续集约化的有效途径。
{"title":"Integrated Soil Fertility Management: A Promising Pathway for Sustainable Intensification of Smallholder Cotton Farming Systems in Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"J. G. Gnahoua, Marie Luce Mâ Semba Ouattara, Zonlehoua Coulibali, L. Diomandé, Y. Soro","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i1157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i1157","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study was aimed to increase the sustainability of smallholder cotton cultivation in Côte d’Ivoire, through the implementation of Integrated Soil Fertility Management, combining the use of moderate amounts of mineral fertilizer and fortified organic manure. \u0000Study Design: The experiment was set up in a Fisher block design, with four treatments and three replications. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The trials were conducted in four locations across two largest cotton growing areas (Odienne and Minignan) in the northern agro-ecological zone, between March and September 2021. \u0000Methodology: The technical options included: 1) mineral fertilizer (25 kg NPK ha-1 + 12.5 kg urea ha-1) + 0 kg manure ha-1 (control), 2) mineral fertilizer + 50 kg manure ha-1, 3) mineral fertilizer + 75 kg manure ha-1 and 4) local practice (200 kg NPK ha-1 + 50 kg urea ha-1 + 0 kg manure ha-1). \u0000Results: The results showed an increase in seed cotton yield for the manure treatments compared to the control treatment. Non-significant yield difference was found between the manure treatments and local practice. The average yields obtained in Odienne were 5.73 ± 0.70 t ha-1 for 75 kg manure ha-1 and 5.13 ± 0.96 for 50 kg manure ha-1, versus 2.58 ± 0.76 t ha-1 for the control treatment. In Minignan, the average yields obtained were 6.86 ± 1.76 t ha-1 for 75 kg manure ha-1 and 5.73 ± 0.70 t ha-1 for 50 kg manure ha-1, versus 2.58 ± 0.76 t ha-1 for the control. The Agronomic Efficiency of applied manure varied from 37.00 ± 13.07 to 73.41 ± 16.89 kg cotton kg-1 and from 44.34 ± 15.05 to 1 for the two agro-ecological zones. \u0000Conclusion: The Integrated Soil Fertility Management system was proven to be a promising pathway for achieving sustainable intensification of smallholder cotton cultivation systems.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127999432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-17DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i1156
Abul Khair Muhammad Foyaz Mia, Maliha Khan, Md Ashraf Uddin Chowdhury, M. Rahman, Md. Iqbal Sikder, Md. Rafat Tahsin, Ishrat Jahan, F. Aktar, Tahmina Aktar, J. A. Chowdhury, Shaila Kabir, A. A. Chowdhury, Md. Shah Amran
Diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death globally, and it is a disease that is progressing with deadly implications on a global scale. Furthermore, the treatment regimen is not affordable to all socioeconomic groups. As a result, scientists are working to develop cheaper, more effective phytochemical-based medications. Spondias mombin is a tree and flowering plant in the Anacardiaceae family that is commonly known as the “tapereba” or “caja” tree in Brazil. It is found in both the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon in upland and floodplain forest environments, and it is also present in inhabited areas, albeit in a sub-spontaneous state. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-diabetic properties of crude ethanol extracts of Spondias mombin obtained in three seasons of the year: following winter, summer, and the rainy season. The goal of this study is to determine which season of the year the plant under consideration has the most anti-diabetic action, change in body weight, and serum lipid profile. The anti-diabetic effects were assessed using a one-touch glucometer after administration of 500 mg/kg doses of the extracts from each seasonal extract at the following time intervals: 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 12h, 24h, and 72h. The extract following the rainy season showed optimum anti-diabetic efficacy with a serum lipid profile at a dose of 500 mg/kg. However, the 500 mg/kg extract following winter and summer did not show any significant benefits in diabetes or serum lipid profiles. This study discovered that the anti-diabetic properties of Spondias mombin vary seasonally.
{"title":"Mapping of Potential Variation of Diabetes Amelioration Activity of Spondias mombin on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Wister Rat Concerning the Availability of Phytochemical Constituents Based on Seasonal Contrast Phenomenon","authors":"Abul Khair Muhammad Foyaz Mia, Maliha Khan, Md Ashraf Uddin Chowdhury, M. Rahman, Md. Iqbal Sikder, Md. Rafat Tahsin, Ishrat Jahan, F. Aktar, Tahmina Aktar, J. A. Chowdhury, Shaila Kabir, A. A. Chowdhury, Md. Shah Amran","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i1156","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death globally, and it is a disease that is progressing with deadly implications on a global scale. Furthermore, the treatment regimen is not affordable to all socioeconomic groups. As a result, scientists are working to develop cheaper, more effective phytochemical-based medications. Spondias mombin is a tree and flowering plant in the Anacardiaceae family that is commonly known as the “tapereba” or “caja” tree in Brazil. It is found in both the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon in upland and floodplain forest environments, and it is also present in inhabited areas, albeit in a sub-spontaneous state. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-diabetic properties of crude ethanol extracts of Spondias mombin obtained in three seasons of the year: following winter, summer, and the rainy season. The goal of this study is to determine which season of the year the plant under consideration has the most anti-diabetic action, change in body weight, and serum lipid profile. The anti-diabetic effects were assessed using a one-touch glucometer after administration of 500 mg/kg doses of the extracts from each seasonal extract at the following time intervals: 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 12h, 24h, and 72h. The extract following the rainy season showed optimum anti-diabetic efficacy with a serum lipid profile at a dose of 500 mg/kg. However, the 500 mg/kg extract following winter and summer did not show any significant benefits in diabetes or serum lipid profiles. This study discovered that the anti-diabetic properties of Spondias mombin vary seasonally. ","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128340286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i1155
S. Alidu
Genotype by environmental interaction is important for breeding improved cowpea genotypes. The study was designed to identify promising inbred lines with high yield potential, stable mean yield with specific adaptation to a particular environment or environments. The study was conducted at three locations namely Nyankpala, Tumu, and Damongo. Twenty-two inbred lines plus 2 contrasting parents used to generate inbred lines were the test genotypes. Randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. Seeds were planted at each location but were later thinned to one plant per hill. Each plot contained 5 rows of 10 plants per row with plant spacing of 60 cm between rows and 20 cm within rows with the number of entries being 24 plots giving the total plots as 96 plots for each location. Data collected were days to first flowering, 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and hundred seed weight and grain yield. Data were subjected to analysis of variance using Gen Stat statistical package 12th edition. Combined analysis of variance across locations for grain yield were determine. Results showed significant genotypic differences among inbred lines for studied traits. significant genotype by environment interaction was observed for days to 50% flowering, ranging between 42 and 45 days. Number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and biomass also showed variable responses across locations. Phenotypic correlation analysis for days to flowering and maturity did not have any influence on yield, as genotypes 116, 189, 131 flowered within 43 and 45 days with corresponding yields of 1.89,1.82 and 1.7 tonnes per hectare. Yield variability showed the possibility for selecting location specific adapted lines as well as across all three locations.
{"title":"Preliminary Studies on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Offers Opportunity for Selection in the Guinea and Sudan Savanna Agro Ecologies of Ghana","authors":"S. Alidu","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i1155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i1155","url":null,"abstract":"Genotype by environmental interaction is important for breeding improved cowpea genotypes. The study was designed to identify promising inbred lines with high yield potential, stable mean yield with specific adaptation to a particular environment or environments. The study was conducted at three locations namely Nyankpala, Tumu, and Damongo. Twenty-two inbred lines plus 2 contrasting parents used to generate inbred lines were the test genotypes. Randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. Seeds were planted at each location but were later thinned to one plant per hill. Each plot contained 5 rows of 10 plants per row with plant spacing of 60 cm between rows and 20 cm within rows with the number of entries being 24 plots giving the total plots as 96 plots for each location. Data collected were days to first flowering, 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and hundred seed weight and grain yield. Data were subjected to analysis of variance using Gen Stat statistical package 12th edition. Combined analysis of variance across locations for grain yield were determine. Results showed significant genotypic differences among inbred lines for studied traits. significant genotype by environment interaction was observed for days to 50% flowering, ranging between 42 and 45 days. Number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and biomass also showed variable responses across locations. Phenotypic correlation analysis for days to flowering and maturity did not have any influence on yield, as genotypes 116, 189, 131 flowered within 43 and 45 days with corresponding yields of 1.89,1.82 and 1.7 tonnes per hectare. Yield variability showed the possibility for selecting location specific adapted lines as well as across all three locations.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116351666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i1153
Hassan Naseer, Kanval Shaukat, Mereen Nizar, Jabran Ahmed
Evaluating the impact of foliar treatment of (SA) salicylic acid and iron (Fe) on plants with the treatment of artificial magnetism is very essential to understand its effects on germination and growth of Pisum sativum. The current research was designed to document the primary role of SA and Fe on matore variety of garden pea. Selected specie was given various geo and artificial magnetic treatments. Hence, a pot experimentation was designed using Completely Randomized Design under factorial with three replicates. Seeds were sown in pots having different geo and artificial magnetism treatments. Later, fifteen days of germination, pea plants were foliarly sprayed with 250 μM salicylic acid and 250 ppm iron. Furthermore, later twenty days of foliar supplementation seedlings were uprooted/harvested and taken to lab to analyze different bio-chemical attributes. Data annotate diverse variations in Matore variety among various magnetism treatments. Artificial magnetic treatments combined with foliarly supplementation of salicylic acid and iron significantly improved tannin content, ascorbic acid as well as phytic acid in pea plants. Thus, foliar supplementation based on this current research findings may be proposed for improved development and growth of plants in combination with magnetism.
{"title":"Assessment of Foliar Spray of Iron and Salicylic Acid under Artificial Magnetism on Various Metabolites of Pisum sativum","authors":"Hassan Naseer, Kanval Shaukat, Mereen Nizar, Jabran Ahmed","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i1153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i1153","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating the impact of foliar treatment of (SA) salicylic acid and iron (Fe) on plants with the treatment of artificial magnetism is very essential to understand its effects on germination and growth of Pisum sativum. The current research was designed to document the primary role of SA and Fe on matore variety of garden pea. Selected specie was given various geo and artificial magnetic treatments. Hence, a pot experimentation was designed using Completely Randomized Design under factorial with three replicates. Seeds were sown in pots having different geo and artificial magnetism treatments. Later, fifteen days of germination, pea plants were foliarly sprayed with 250 μM salicylic acid and 250 ppm iron. Furthermore, later twenty days of foliar supplementation seedlings were uprooted/harvested and taken to lab to analyze different bio-chemical attributes. Data annotate diverse variations in Matore variety among various magnetism treatments. Artificial magnetic treatments combined with foliarly supplementation of salicylic acid and iron significantly improved tannin content, ascorbic acid as well as phytic acid in pea plants. Thus, foliar supplementation based on this current research findings may be proposed for improved development and growth of plants in combination with magnetism.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117305211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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