Pub Date : 2017-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2017.7981865
N. van Bracht, A. Moser
In the course of ambitious climate targets, the European electrical power system is subject to an upcoming shift from fossil-fueled to renewable power generation. As a consequence, it remains vague which expansions involve the least-cost transformation path while satisfying security of supply as well as providing sufficient flexibility to handle an increasing share of intermittent feed-in. Hence, this paper presents the stochastic generation expansion planning method ‘ZEUS’ which optimizes investment decisions under uncertainty. Exemplary simulations show that in a power system shaped by renewables an expansion of 7 GW Power-to-Gas technology in Germany appears to be economically efficient. Furthermore, it becomes obvious that the emerging development path significantly changes when relevant uncertainties are explicitly anticipated in the planning process.
{"title":"Generation expansion planning under uncertainty considering power-to-gas technology","authors":"N. van Bracht, A. Moser","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2017.7981865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2017.7981865","url":null,"abstract":"In the course of ambitious climate targets, the European electrical power system is subject to an upcoming shift from fossil-fueled to renewable power generation. As a consequence, it remains vague which expansions involve the least-cost transformation path while satisfying security of supply as well as providing sufficient flexibility to handle an increasing share of intermittent feed-in. Hence, this paper presents the stochastic generation expansion planning method ‘ZEUS’ which optimizes investment decisions under uncertainty. Exemplary simulations show that in a power system shaped by renewables an expansion of 7 GW Power-to-Gas technology in Germany appears to be economically efficient. Furthermore, it becomes obvious that the emerging development path significantly changes when relevant uncertainties are explicitly anticipated in the planning process.","PeriodicalId":416082,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125643687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2017.7981882
Robert R. Dickinson, N. Lymperopoulos, Alain Le Duigou, P. Lucchese, C. Mansilla, Olfa Tlili, Nouri J. Samsatli, S. Samsatli, M. Weeda, D. Thomas, P. Mancarella, F. Dolci, E. Weidner
Energy systems are evolving rapidly around the world, driven mainly by CO2-e reduction targets. This has led to opportunities for integrated low carbon electricity-and-fuel systems founded on large scale “Power-to-Hydrogen, Hydrogen-to-X” (PtH-HtX). Power-to-Hydrogen (PtH) refers to large scale electrolysis. Hydrogen-to-X (HtX) refers to a range of high value products and services. If these pathways start with low-carbon electricity, then the fuel consumed at the downstream end also low-carbon. Use of intermittently low valued power lowers all production costs. This paper specifically identifies the main pathways and interconnections in a way that overcomes the ambiguities inherent in the term “Power-to-Gas”. In turn, this provides solid and easier to understand foundations for building legal and regulatory frameworks for new business opportunities along the lengths of the numerous pathways from supply to consumption.
{"title":"Fower-to-hydrogen and hydrogen-to-X pathways: Opportunities for next generation energy systems","authors":"Robert R. Dickinson, N. Lymperopoulos, Alain Le Duigou, P. Lucchese, C. Mansilla, Olfa Tlili, Nouri J. Samsatli, S. Samsatli, M. Weeda, D. Thomas, P. Mancarella, F. Dolci, E. Weidner","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2017.7981882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2017.7981882","url":null,"abstract":"Energy systems are evolving rapidly around the world, driven mainly by CO2-e reduction targets. This has led to opportunities for integrated low carbon electricity-and-fuel systems founded on large scale “Power-to-Hydrogen, Hydrogen-to-X” (PtH-HtX). Power-to-Hydrogen (PtH) refers to large scale electrolysis. Hydrogen-to-X (HtX) refers to a range of high value products and services. If these pathways start with low-carbon electricity, then the fuel consumed at the downstream end also low-carbon. Use of intermittently low valued power lowers all production costs. This paper specifically identifies the main pathways and interconnections in a way that overcomes the ambiguities inherent in the term “Power-to-Gas”. In turn, this provides solid and easier to understand foundations for building legal and regulatory frameworks for new business opportunities along the lengths of the numerous pathways from supply to consumption.","PeriodicalId":416082,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114948746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2017.7981967
Christian Will, P. Jochem, W. Fichtner
One option to counteract anthropogenic climate change is to increase the share of renewable electricity supply. Current market structures provide only a limited framework for the creation of “green” electricity tariffs, which are often criticised as “greenw ashing”, lacking transparency, and ineffective investment signalling. This paper defines and discusses a day-ahead spot market for tradable (short-term) time-specific renewable energy certificates (REC). Implementing an unbundled spot market for REC promises a more credible provision of renewable electricity, along with a mechanism rewarding flexibility in renewable production and storage as well as tangible investment signals.
{"title":"Defining a day-ahead spot market for unbundled time-specific renewable energy certificates","authors":"Christian Will, P. Jochem, W. Fichtner","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2017.7981967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2017.7981967","url":null,"abstract":"One option to counteract anthropogenic climate change is to increase the share of renewable electricity supply. Current market structures provide only a limited framework for the creation of “green” electricity tariffs, which are often criticised as “greenw ashing”, lacking transparency, and ineffective investment signalling. This paper defines and discusses a day-ahead spot market for tradable (short-term) time-specific renewable energy certificates (REC). Implementing an unbundled spot market for REC promises a more credible provision of renewable electricity, along with a mechanism rewarding flexibility in renewable production and storage as well as tangible investment signals.","PeriodicalId":416082,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127233591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2017.7981868
D. vom Stein, N. van Bracht, A. Maaz, A. Moser
The changes in the European power system come with the necessity of modeling the power system in high detail. Especially, when applying stochastic simulation approaches this leads to increasing problem sizes. In this work, we introduce a methodology to reduce the size of optimization problems in the temporal dimension to achieve lower computation times. The method is based on a mixed-integer optimization reducing the modeled time intervals that can be applied to a wide variety of optimization problems. The potential of the approach is proven by a linear unit dispatch problem for the European power system in the year 2024. The comparison of an equidistant and predefined time pattern with the preceding optimization of an adaptive time pattern shows improvements in accuracy regarding the deviation in yearly power generation, which range between 20 % and 25 %, without increasing computational requirements regarding time or hardware.
{"title":"Development of adaptive time patterns for multi-dimensional power system simulations","authors":"D. vom Stein, N. van Bracht, A. Maaz, A. Moser","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2017.7981868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2017.7981868","url":null,"abstract":"The changes in the European power system come with the necessity of modeling the power system in high detail. Especially, when applying stochastic simulation approaches this leads to increasing problem sizes. In this work, we introduce a methodology to reduce the size of optimization problems in the temporal dimension to achieve lower computation times. The method is based on a mixed-integer optimization reducing the modeled time intervals that can be applied to a wide variety of optimization problems. The potential of the approach is proven by a linear unit dispatch problem for the European power system in the year 2024. The comparison of an equidistant and predefined time pattern with the preceding optimization of an adaptive time pattern shows improvements in accuracy regarding the deviation in yearly power generation, which range between 20 % and 25 %, without increasing computational requirements regarding time or hardware.","PeriodicalId":416082,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131865003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2017.7981997
J. Zupancic, B. Prislan, E. Lakić, T. Medved, A. Gubina, A. Tuerk, V. Kulmer
The increasing rate of the smart technology implementations in the energy sector brings new control solutions for distributed renewable energy sources (DRES) to tackle the additional challenges on the distribution network that arise from increased integration of renewable energy sources (RES). With these new control solutions, a possibility of new services that could be offered on electricity and ancillary markets emerged, providing a possibility of new source of income for DRES, Demand Response (DR) and Aggregators. This paper presents the main results of the EU FP7 project INCREASE, where innovative controls for DRES and DR units were developed and investigated. The main novelty of the paper is a sensitivity analysis of INCREASE ancillary services and business model applied to representative European grid for overall policy conclusions. The knowledge gained in INCREASE provides the basis for the work in H2020 project STORY, where the demand response strategies will be augmented to encompass small-scale storage solutions.
{"title":"Market-based business model for flexible energy aggregators in distribution networks","authors":"J. Zupancic, B. Prislan, E. Lakić, T. Medved, A. Gubina, A. Tuerk, V. Kulmer","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2017.7981997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2017.7981997","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing rate of the smart technology implementations in the energy sector brings new control solutions for distributed renewable energy sources (DRES) to tackle the additional challenges on the distribution network that arise from increased integration of renewable energy sources (RES). With these new control solutions, a possibility of new services that could be offered on electricity and ancillary markets emerged, providing a possibility of new source of income for DRES, Demand Response (DR) and Aggregators. This paper presents the main results of the EU FP7 project INCREASE, where innovative controls for DRES and DR units were developed and investigated. The main novelty of the paper is a sensitivity analysis of INCREASE ancillary services and business model applied to representative European grid for overall policy conclusions. The knowledge gained in INCREASE provides the basis for the work in H2020 project STORY, where the demand response strategies will be augmented to encompass small-scale storage solutions.","PeriodicalId":416082,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132193494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2017.7981953
Jakob Wachsmuth, B. Breitschopf, Vija Pakalkaitė
This paper analyses the development of natural gas prices in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and assesses its drivers. Furthermore, the relation to recent changes in import contracts is discussed. The methodological approach consists of a panel analysis, in which wholesale gas prices in CEE countries are explained by a set of exogenous drivers, and a descriptive part on changes in contracts. The results provide evidence that a decreased share of oil-indexed long-term contracts has significantly reduced gas prices in Central Europe. Accordingly, the evaluation of contracting trends suggests that importing companies in CEE countries tend to replace expiring long-term gas import contracts with short-term agreements.
{"title":"The end of long-term contracts? Gas price and market dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"Jakob Wachsmuth, B. Breitschopf, Vija Pakalkaitė","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2017.7981953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2017.7981953","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the development of natural gas prices in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and assesses its drivers. Furthermore, the relation to recent changes in import contracts is discussed. The methodological approach consists of a panel analysis, in which wholesale gas prices in CEE countries are explained by a set of exogenous drivers, and a descriptive part on changes in contracts. The results provide evidence that a decreased share of oil-indexed long-term contracts has significantly reduced gas prices in Central Europe. Accordingly, the evaluation of contracting trends suggests that importing companies in CEE countries tend to replace expiring long-term gas import contracts with short-term agreements.","PeriodicalId":416082,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127928340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2017.7981858
P. Härtel, F. Sandau
In order to comply with climate goals in the future, all relevant sectors must implement extensive decarbonisation measures. For power system models, this implies that more complex interactions of bi-and multivalent technologies in the heat, industry and transport sector have to be included. Coupled with higher shares of renewable generation, these interactions lead to significant modelling challenges for large-scale power system models. Focusing on the heat sector, this study develops two aggregation methods for representing hybrid boilers, monovalent heat pumps and CHP systems in an adequate but computationally efficient way. The performance of the aggregation methods is evaluated and compared to the disaggregated reference case in terms of result accuracy and solution time for two load scenarios. It has been shown that the proposed aggregation method 2 which is based on the heating technology efficiencies yields a sound approximation of the disaggregated reference.
{"title":"Aggregated modelling approach of power and heat sector coupling technologies in power system models","authors":"P. Härtel, F. Sandau","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2017.7981858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2017.7981858","url":null,"abstract":"In order to comply with climate goals in the future, all relevant sectors must implement extensive decarbonisation measures. For power system models, this implies that more complex interactions of bi-and multivalent technologies in the heat, industry and transport sector have to be included. Coupled with higher shares of renewable generation, these interactions lead to significant modelling challenges for large-scale power system models. Focusing on the heat sector, this study develops two aggregation methods for representing hybrid boilers, monovalent heat pumps and CHP systems in an adequate but computationally efficient way. The performance of the aggregation methods is evaluated and compared to the disaggregated reference case in terms of result accuracy and solution time for two load scenarios. It has been shown that the proposed aggregation method 2 which is based on the heating technology efficiencies yields a sound approximation of the disaggregated reference.","PeriodicalId":416082,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134265478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2017.7981891
M. Kendziorski, Mona Setje-Eilers, F. Kunz
Renewable energies are expected to be the main electricity generation source. However, the variability of renewable energy supply poses challenges to the generation expansion modelling as uncertainty of hourly generation need to be adequately taken into account. This paper analyzes the implications of different approaches to optimization under uncertainty, ranging from stochastic to robust optimization. We apply these specific approaches to the German electricity system in 2035 and compare them to a deterministic optimization for each realization of the uncertainty. We consider the availability of wind and solar generation as explicit uncertainties affecting the second-stage dispatch level. The deterministic generation expansion problem shows significant variations of optimal capacity mixes depending on the underlying assumptions on hourly renewable feed-in. Moreover, these capacity mixes are hardly robust to unexpected situations. Contrarily, stochastic as well as robust approaches provide a consistent and robust capacity mix at only slightly higher total costs.
{"title":"Generation expansion planning under uncertainty: An application of stochastic methods to the German electricity system","authors":"M. Kendziorski, Mona Setje-Eilers, F. Kunz","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2017.7981891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2017.7981891","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energies are expected to be the main electricity generation source. However, the variability of renewable energy supply poses challenges to the generation expansion modelling as uncertainty of hourly generation need to be adequately taken into account. This paper analyzes the implications of different approaches to optimization under uncertainty, ranging from stochastic to robust optimization. We apply these specific approaches to the German electricity system in 2035 and compare them to a deterministic optimization for each realization of the uncertainty. We consider the availability of wind and solar generation as explicit uncertainties affecting the second-stage dispatch level. The deterministic generation expansion problem shows significant variations of optimal capacity mixes depending on the underlying assumptions on hourly renewable feed-in. Moreover, these capacity mixes are hardly robust to unexpected situations. Contrarily, stochastic as well as robust approaches provide a consistent and robust capacity mix at only slightly higher total costs.","PeriodicalId":416082,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130024227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2017.7981906
Esther Mengelkamp, Johannes Garttner, Christof Weinhardt
To facilitate the integration of renewable electricity sources into the energy system, innovative market designs must be discussed. Local markets that are organized in a decentralized fashion can help to decrease the need for extensive investment in transmission capacity. To analyze such markets, this work presents an agent-based simulation study of a local peer-to-peer electricity market in a community. The market offers a decentralized marketplace for procuring electricity directly from local renewable generation. We evaluate the market efficiency in terms of the attained rate of self-consumption and the average electricity price depending on the number of potential trading partners in two scenarios: A local market without energy storage and a local market with a community energy storage. The results indicate that a community energy storage can substantially increase the market's efficiency.
{"title":"The role of energy storage in local energy markets","authors":"Esther Mengelkamp, Johannes Garttner, Christof Weinhardt","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2017.7981906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2017.7981906","url":null,"abstract":"To facilitate the integration of renewable electricity sources into the energy system, innovative market designs must be discussed. Local markets that are organized in a decentralized fashion can help to decrease the need for extensive investment in transmission capacity. To analyze such markets, this work presents an agent-based simulation study of a local peer-to-peer electricity market in a community. The market offers a decentralized marketplace for procuring electricity directly from local renewable generation. We evaluate the market efficiency in terms of the attained rate of self-consumption and the average electricity price depending on the number of potential trading partners in two scenarios: A local market without energy storage and a local market with a community energy storage. The results indicate that a community energy storage can substantially increase the market's efficiency.","PeriodicalId":416082,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133018179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2017.7981912
M. Schuster, T. Walther
This article analyses the profitability of a wind power plant in combination with a hydrogen storage. We distinguish between off- and on-shore locations with a 50 MW unit. The hydrogen of the storage unit can be used to either be re-electrified or directly marketed. The study analyses the profitability of a combination of power-plant and hydrogen storages under different scenarios. The profitability is measured by means of the Decision Tree Approach. This approach allows combining different paths of Discounted Cash Flow calculations under various scenarios and accounts for uncertainties of investment decisions. Our results show that re-electrification is not profitable under any scenario in our framework (Germany). On the contrary, wholesale of hydrogen can lead to positive returns, depending on the underlying parameters, regardless of the location of the power plant.
{"title":"Valuation of combined wind power plant and hydrogen storage: A decision tree approach","authors":"M. Schuster, T. Walther","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2017.7981912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2017.7981912","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the profitability of a wind power plant in combination with a hydrogen storage. We distinguish between off- and on-shore locations with a 50 MW unit. The hydrogen of the storage unit can be used to either be re-electrified or directly marketed. The study analyses the profitability of a combination of power-plant and hydrogen storages under different scenarios. The profitability is measured by means of the Decision Tree Approach. This approach allows combining different paths of Discounted Cash Flow calculations under various scenarios and accounts for uncertainties of investment decisions. Our results show that re-electrification is not profitable under any scenario in our framework (Germany). On the contrary, wholesale of hydrogen can lead to positive returns, depending on the underlying parameters, regardless of the location of the power plant.","PeriodicalId":416082,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132576511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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