This management paper looks at the challenges faced by city governments as they build their capability to leverage data to achieve the promise of a smarter city. While producing analytics and visualizations have captured much attention, this paper argues that addressing data quality and data management practices in the early stages of the data life cycle are very important to achieving data-driven smart cities. To demonstrate this point, this paper discusses a case from New York State (NYS), demonstrating the challenges cities face when data quality and data management are not addressed at the onset of data collection and initial storage. Finally, this paper sets forth recommendations for city leaders to assess their environment and unpack complexities so that they can build data capability to enable data-driven decision making.
{"title":"Data-Driven Smart Cities: A Closer Look at Organizational, Technical and Data Complexities","authors":"Megan K. Sutherland, Meghan E. Cook","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085239","url":null,"abstract":"This management paper looks at the challenges faced by city governments as they build their capability to leverage data to achieve the promise of a smarter city. While producing analytics and visualizations have captured much attention, this paper argues that addressing data quality and data management practices in the early stages of the data life cycle are very important to achieving data-driven smart cities. To demonstrate this point, this paper discusses a case from New York State (NYS), demonstrating the challenges cities face when data quality and data management are not addressed at the onset of data collection and initial storage. Finally, this paper sets forth recommendations for city leaders to assess their environment and unpack complexities so that they can build data capability to enable data-driven decision making.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125572183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. M. Harrison, Catherine L. Dumas, Nic DePaula, Tim Fake, William May, Akanksha Atrey, Jooyeon Lee, Lokesh Rishi, S. Ravi
E-petitioning, a genre of technology-based collective action tools, makes it possible for members of the public to address government decision makers directly with their requests for action. In this paper we use time series analysis to explore the effects of Twitter and other forms of online media on the accumulation of signatures in e-petitioning. We explore the case of "Bring Back Our Girls," a Change.org petition initiated in spring 2014 following the abduction of 276 female students from a school in Chibok, Nigeria by heavily armed members of an Islamic extremist group. The petition targeted government leaders around the world. We found evidence that tweeting and certain forms of online media are related to the likelihood of individuals signing an e-petition, providing evidence of a hybrid media system in which diverse forms of online media behave with diverse logics and impacts in their effects on e-petitions.
{"title":"E-Petitioning and Online Media: The Case of #BringBackOurGirls","authors":"T. M. Harrison, Catherine L. Dumas, Nic DePaula, Tim Fake, William May, Akanksha Atrey, Jooyeon Lee, Lokesh Rishi, S. Ravi","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085320","url":null,"abstract":"E-petitioning, a genre of technology-based collective action tools, makes it possible for members of the public to address government decision makers directly with their requests for action. In this paper we use time series analysis to explore the effects of Twitter and other forms of online media on the accumulation of signatures in e-petitioning. We explore the case of \"Bring Back Our Girls,\" a Change.org petition initiated in spring 2014 following the abduction of 276 female students from a school in Chibok, Nigeria by heavily armed members of an Islamic extremist group. The petition targeted government leaders around the world. We found evidence that tweeting and certain forms of online media are related to the likelihood of individuals signing an e-petition, providing evidence of a hybrid media system in which diverse forms of online media behave with diverse logics and impacts in their effects on e-petitions.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"545 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129340728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the preliminary framework proposed by the authors for drivers of Smart Governance. The research question of this study is: What are the drivers for Smart Governance to achieve evidence-based policy-making? The framework suggests that in order to create a smart governance model, data governance and collaborative governance are the main drivers. These pillars are supported by legal framework, normative factors, principles and values, methods, data assets or human resources, and IT infrastructure. These aspects will guide a real time evaluation process in all levels of the policy cycle, towards to the implementation of evidence-based policies.
{"title":"Drivers of Smart Governance: towards to evidence-based policy-making","authors":"P. Parycek, G. Pereira","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085255","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the preliminary framework proposed by the authors for drivers of Smart Governance. The research question of this study is: What are the drivers for Smart Governance to achieve evidence-based policy-making? The framework suggests that in order to create a smart governance model, data governance and collaborative governance are the main drivers. These pillars are supported by legal framework, normative factors, principles and values, methods, data assets or human resources, and IT infrastructure. These aspects will guide a real time evaluation process in all levels of the policy cycle, towards to the implementation of evidence-based policies.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131315967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Cid, J. Ramon Gil-Garcia, D. E. Luna-Reyes, L. Luna-Reyes, Sergio Picazo-Vela, Rodrigo Sandoval-Almazán
There are different measurements and rankings in the literature that evaluate critical factors for a successful adoption of digital government. Each of these frameworks applies diverse variables and approaches to assessing digital government success. However, the nature of digital government success is complex and implies multiple dimensions that make it difficult to evaluate in practice. There is the need to build more robust approaches to improve these assessments to explore the multiple dimensions of digital government success. Some authors have proposed factor analysis techniques as a useful tool for this task. Using a well-known ranking of state government portals in Mexico during the period 2009-2015, this study conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the dimensions of this instrument, which includes 132 items. This ranking could be considered a typical tool for measuring and assessing digital government, similar to the ones used in many countries and by some international organizations. The purpose of this study is to extend our understanding of the multiple dimensions of digital government success and to provide guidance for improving and refining existing techniques for measuring and assessing digital government. The results ratify most of the original dimensions, but allows reducing the number of questions and obtain more robust estimations. Based on the analysis, we provide a set of practical recommendations for improving measurement methodologies and for the assessment of digital government.
{"title":"Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as a Tool to Improve the Assessment of Digital Government: The Case of the Mexican State Portals Ranking","authors":"G. Cid, J. Ramon Gil-Garcia, D. E. Luna-Reyes, L. Luna-Reyes, Sergio Picazo-Vela, Rodrigo Sandoval-Almazán","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085290","url":null,"abstract":"There are different measurements and rankings in the literature that evaluate critical factors for a successful adoption of digital government. Each of these frameworks applies diverse variables and approaches to assessing digital government success. However, the nature of digital government success is complex and implies multiple dimensions that make it difficult to evaluate in practice. There is the need to build more robust approaches to improve these assessments to explore the multiple dimensions of digital government success. Some authors have proposed factor analysis techniques as a useful tool for this task. Using a well-known ranking of state government portals in Mexico during the period 2009-2015, this study conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the dimensions of this instrument, which includes 132 items. This ranking could be considered a typical tool for measuring and assessing digital government, similar to the ones used in many countries and by some international organizations. The purpose of this study is to extend our understanding of the multiple dimensions of digital government success and to provide guidance for improving and refining existing techniques for measuring and assessing digital government. The results ratify most of the original dimensions, but allows reducing the number of questions and obtain more robust estimations. Based on the analysis, we provide a set of practical recommendations for improving measurement methodologies and for the assessment of digital government.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121251092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Session details: Opening Government","authors":"M. Janssen, V. Weerakkody, A. Ojo","doi":"10.1145/3247592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3247592","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124024506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niall Ó Brolcháin, Lukasz Porwol, A. Ojo, Tilman Wagner, Eva López, Eric Karstens
1Research into Data-Driven Storytelling using Open Data has led to considerable discussion into many possible futures for storytelling and journalism in a Data-Driven world, in particular, into the Open Data directives framed by various governments across the globe as a means of facilitating governments, transparency enabled citizens and journalists to get more insights into government actions and enable deeper and easier monitoring of governments' work. While progress in the development of Open Data platforms (usually funded by national and local governments) has been significant, it is only now that we are beginning to see the emergence of more practical and more applied use of Open Data platforms. Previous works have highlighted the potential for storytelling using Open Data as a source of information for journalistic stories. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of studies into Open Data platform affordances to support Data-Driven Storytelling. In this paper, we elaborate on existing Open Data platforms in terms of support for storytelling and analyse feedback from stakeholder focus groups, to discover what methods and tools can introduce or facilitate the storytelling capabilities of Open Data platforms.
{"title":"Extending Open Data Platforms with Storytelling Features","authors":"Niall Ó Brolcháin, Lukasz Porwol, A. Ojo, Tilman Wagner, Eva López, Eric Karstens","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085283","url":null,"abstract":"1Research into Data-Driven Storytelling using Open Data has led to considerable discussion into many possible futures for storytelling and journalism in a Data-Driven world, in particular, into the Open Data directives framed by various governments across the globe as a means of facilitating governments, transparency enabled citizens and journalists to get more insights into government actions and enable deeper and easier monitoring of governments' work. While progress in the development of Open Data platforms (usually funded by national and local governments) has been significant, it is only now that we are beginning to see the emergence of more practical and more applied use of Open Data platforms. Previous works have highlighted the potential for storytelling using Open Data as a source of information for journalistic stories. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of studies into Open Data platform affordances to support Data-Driven Storytelling. In this paper, we elaborate on existing Open Data platforms in terms of support for storytelling and analyse feedback from stakeholder focus groups, to discover what methods and tools can introduce or facilitate the storytelling capabilities of Open Data platforms.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133539120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ussama Yaqub, Soon Ae Chun, V. Atluri, Jaideep Vaidya
In a relatively short period of time, social media has gained significant importance as a mass communication and public engagement tool for political and governance purposes. Rapid dissemination of information through social media platforms such as Twitter, provides politicians and campaigners with the ability to broadcast their message to a wide audience instantly and directly while bypassing the traditional media channels. In this paper, we investigate the nature and characteristics of the political discourse that took place on Twitter during the American Presidential elections of November 2016. The goal of this study is to perform exploratory sentiment based analysis of Twitter data that was gathered both before and after the Election Day. Our objective is to identify the nature and sentiment of discussions along with understanding the behavior of users with respect to their Twitter profile and associated attributes of their tweets. We also aim to inspect popular Twitter discussion topics and their relation with important news and events occurring simultaneously.
{"title":"Sentiment based Analysis of Tweets during the US Presidential Elections","authors":"Ussama Yaqub, Soon Ae Chun, V. Atluri, Jaideep Vaidya","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085285","url":null,"abstract":"In a relatively short period of time, social media has gained significant importance as a mass communication and public engagement tool for political and governance purposes. Rapid dissemination of information through social media platforms such as Twitter, provides politicians and campaigners with the ability to broadcast their message to a wide audience instantly and directly while bypassing the traditional media channels. In this paper, we investigate the nature and characteristics of the political discourse that took place on Twitter during the American Presidential elections of November 2016. The goal of this study is to perform exploratory sentiment based analysis of Twitter data that was gathered both before and after the Election Day. Our objective is to identify the nature and sentiment of discussions along with understanding the behavior of users with respect to their Twitter profile and associated attributes of their tweets. We also aim to inspect popular Twitter discussion topics and their relation with important news and events occurring simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128605189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper contributes to the e-government literature discussing the role of ICTs as enabler of different modes of production of public services. E-government developments are often associated with organization transformations aimed to increase the efficiency and the effectiveness of the internal production of public services or to facilitate the exchange of information and the coordination among different public organizations. However, ICTs can also enable the co-production of public services allowing citizens or non-public organizations, such as NGOs, social enterprises or private companies to co-produce public services with public sector organizations. ICTs can generate new relationships and dynamics that involve actors and resources outside public organizations modifying the ways by which the value embedded in the services is produced. This paper critically describes and compares four ICTs mediated modes of public services production and discusses the two alternative logics of public service production underpinning these four modes of public service production. The paper further discusses the organizational configurations behind each of the ICTs mediated modes of production.
{"title":"Value creation, ICT, and co-production in public sector: bureaucracy, opensourcing and crowdsourcing","authors":"A. Cordella, Andrea Paletti","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085305","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the e-government literature discussing the role of ICTs as enabler of different modes of production of public services. E-government developments are often associated with organization transformations aimed to increase the efficiency and the effectiveness of the internal production of public services or to facilitate the exchange of information and the coordination among different public organizations. However, ICTs can also enable the co-production of public services allowing citizens or non-public organizations, such as NGOs, social enterprises or private companies to co-produce public services with public sector organizations. ICTs can generate new relationships and dynamics that involve actors and resources outside public organizations modifying the ways by which the value embedded in the services is produced. This paper critically describes and compares four ICTs mediated modes of public services production and discusses the two alternative logics of public service production underpinning these four modes of public service production. The paper further discusses the organizational configurations behind each of the ICTs mediated modes of production.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133908720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Public elections are one of the basis upon which representative democracy is built. Thus, it is of the utmost importance that governments and organizations are able to successfully hold non-fraudulent representative elections. Several methods are employed in order to allow citizens to cast their votes, such as Ballot-based voting, purely electronic methods, and Electronic Voting Machines, among others. However, we argue that current methods, specially those based on electronic platforms, provide unsatisfactory levels of transparency to voters, thus harming the trust voters have that the vote they cast was the same one counted by election officials, a problem known as voter confidence. Instead of stepping back to traditional and inefficient offline strategies, we suggest the modernization of State structures by the use of emerging technologies. In this research, we explore the possibility of using Blockchain technology to help in solving those transparency and confidence problems. First, we give an overview of Blockchain itself and other uses focused on societal problems and their respective analysis. We then analyze how the adoption of Blockchain into a digital government repertoire can contribute to common e-voting issues and also promote elections transparency, increase auditability, enhance voter confidence and strengthen democracy. By attending to this poster presentation, visitors will have a clear understanding of what is Blockchain and its basic concepts, why are market and researchers so excited about it, how it can help to solve common voting systems issues, who is already using it and the benefits and potential risks of its adoption.
{"title":"Blockchain Voting and its effects on Election Transparency and Voter Confidence","authors":"Teógenes Moura, A. Gomes","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085263","url":null,"abstract":"Public elections are one of the basis upon which representative democracy is built. Thus, it is of the utmost importance that governments and organizations are able to successfully hold non-fraudulent representative elections. Several methods are employed in order to allow citizens to cast their votes, such as Ballot-based voting, purely electronic methods, and Electronic Voting Machines, among others. However, we argue that current methods, specially those based on electronic platforms, provide unsatisfactory levels of transparency to voters, thus harming the trust voters have that the vote they cast was the same one counted by election officials, a problem known as voter confidence. Instead of stepping back to traditional and inefficient offline strategies, we suggest the modernization of State structures by the use of emerging technologies. In this research, we explore the possibility of using Blockchain technology to help in solving those transparency and confidence problems. First, we give an overview of Blockchain itself and other uses focused on societal problems and their respective analysis. We then analyze how the adoption of Blockchain into a digital government repertoire can contribute to common e-voting issues and also promote elections transparency, increase auditability, enhance voter confidence and strengthen democracy. By attending to this poster presentation, visitors will have a clear understanding of what is Blockchain and its basic concepts, why are market and researchers so excited about it, how it can help to solve common voting systems issues, who is already using it and the benefits and potential risks of its adoption.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"528 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123078383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Provenance metadata is the basis of assessing open data quality and trustworthiness. It is expected to solve the problems of unclear semantics and low level of interoperability, if provenance metadata standard and provenance ontology will be applied to the open data portal of Chinese government. This paper extracted provenance metadata in the W3C DCAT standard specification and presented the provenance according to two typical cases of "historical data" and "multiple formats". Finally, the machine-readable PROV-JSON format provenance metadata record examples were given. The introduction of DCAT/DC metadata and PROV ontology can improve the standardization of provenance and the level of interoperability, which is conducive to the wide application of provenance information.
{"title":"Provenance Metadata of Open Government Data Based on PROV-JSON","authors":"Jun Zhai, Hongyu Chen, Chang-Feng Yuan","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085229","url":null,"abstract":"Provenance metadata is the basis of assessing open data quality and trustworthiness. It is expected to solve the problems of unclear semantics and low level of interoperability, if provenance metadata standard and provenance ontology will be applied to the open data portal of Chinese government. This paper extracted provenance metadata in the W3C DCAT standard specification and presented the provenance according to two typical cases of \"historical data\" and \"multiple formats\". Finally, the machine-readable PROV-JSON format provenance metadata record examples were given. The introduction of DCAT/DC metadata and PROV ontology can improve the standardization of provenance and the level of interoperability, which is conducive to the wide application of provenance information.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124568965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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