The 2016 U.S. presidential election campaigns witnessed an unprecedented viral false news -- a type of misinformation referred to as "factitious information blend" that is motivated to discredit political rivals. Despite the different speculations of factors that might have influenced Donald Trump's surprised victory, empirical and theoretical research on the potential impacts of false news propagated by online news media during election campaigns on influencing voters' attitudes and public opinion is seriously lacking. By drawing on the literature on framing political-effects research and by developing our computational text analytics programs, we addressed questions regarding how online news media used false news to negatively frame the Trump presidential campaign. Our text analytics results indicate that although the negative frames against Trump far outnumbered those against Hillary Clinton, weak frames of unverifiable misinformation might have failed to influence the mass audience, leaving them to the power of Trump's direct political communications via Twitter.
{"title":"Online Media Use of False News to Frame the 2016 Trump Presidential Campaign","authors":"A. Chatfield, C. Reddick, K. Choi","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085295","url":null,"abstract":"The 2016 U.S. presidential election campaigns witnessed an unprecedented viral false news -- a type of misinformation referred to as \"factitious information blend\" that is motivated to discredit political rivals. Despite the different speculations of factors that might have influenced Donald Trump's surprised victory, empirical and theoretical research on the potential impacts of false news propagated by online news media during election campaigns on influencing voters' attitudes and public opinion is seriously lacking. By drawing on the literature on framing political-effects research and by developing our computational text analytics programs, we addressed questions regarding how online news media used false news to negatively frame the Trump presidential campaign. Our text analytics results indicate that although the negative frames against Trump far outnumbered those against Hillary Clinton, weak frames of unverifiable misinformation might have failed to influence the mass audience, leaving them to the power of Trump's direct political communications via Twitter.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126635062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Session details: Posters and Demos","authors":"Kellyton dos Santos Brito, Murray Scott","doi":"10.1145/3247605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3247605","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126059171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wilton de Paula Filho, Isabel Rosseti, J. V. Filho
Twitter is a microblogging where users can publish short messages restricted to 140 characters. It has been used in the political scene from different perspectives. One of them is predicting election results. In this area, many researchers have drawn their attention to hashtag studies. However, its use is still limited to the collection and selection stages, related to the prediction process. In addition, most studies investigating hashtags have performed an arbitrary hashtag selection. Tweets/retweets are still the main source of information to prediction election results. In this paper, the relevance of hashtags available on tweets / retweets and on the descriptions of user's profiles was investigated. Furthermore, descriptions of user's profiles were investigated to verify whether the political position expressed by users is relevant in a presidential sample. In order to do so, 1,974,401 tweets / retweets from 432,289 different users were collected during the 2016 presidential election campaign in the US. The main conclusion revealed that the most frequent hashtags contained first names, surnames and candidates' campaign slogans; 10% of all messages had a political hashtag, and users expressing some kind of political position in their descriptions posted 20.7% of all messages.
{"title":"On tweets, retweets, hashtags and user profiles in the 2016 American Presidential Election Scene","authors":"Wilton de Paula Filho, Isabel Rosseti, J. V. Filho","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085230","url":null,"abstract":"Twitter is a microblogging where users can publish short messages restricted to 140 characters. It has been used in the political scene from different perspectives. One of them is predicting election results. In this area, many researchers have drawn their attention to hashtag studies. However, its use is still limited to the collection and selection stages, related to the prediction process. In addition, most studies investigating hashtags have performed an arbitrary hashtag selection. Tweets/retweets are still the main source of information to prediction election results. In this paper, the relevance of hashtags available on tweets / retweets and on the descriptions of user's profiles was investigated. Furthermore, descriptions of user's profiles were investigated to verify whether the political position expressed by users is relevant in a presidential sample. In order to do so, 1,974,401 tweets / retweets from 432,289 different users were collected during the 2016 presidential election campaign in the US. The main conclusion revealed that the most frequent hashtags contained first names, surnames and candidates' campaign slogans; 10% of all messages had a political hashtag, and users expressing some kind of political position in their descriptions posted 20.7% of all messages.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125581393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In e-government literature, there have been very few studies that constructed longitudinal data and empirically assessed the association of e-government development and corruption in different cultural context. This paper constructs a highly-balanced panel dataset of 57 countries from 2003 to 2014. We found that, although the level of corruption and e-government are negatively correlated, this association is a result of past time-invariant factors in different countries. The change of e-government development level seems to not affect the change ofcorruption levelin 57 countries in the past ten years. On the other hand, the magnitude of the way that e-government affect corruption does vary according to different cultural contexts. E-government development affects corruption more effectively in countries with a culture that have low uncertainty avoidance level and low power distance level. We also find that GDP per capita is a consistent estimator of corruption and e-government development, which implies that economic development is essential to cure corruption and provide funding for e-government development.
{"title":"E-government, corruption reduction and culture: a study based on panel data of 57 countries","authors":"Haoyu Zhao, M. Ahn, A. Manoharan","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085292","url":null,"abstract":"In e-government literature, there have been very few studies that constructed longitudinal data and empirically assessed the association of e-government development and corruption in different cultural context. This paper constructs a highly-balanced panel dataset of 57 countries from 2003 to 2014. We found that, although the level of corruption and e-government are negatively correlated, this association is a result of past time-invariant factors in different countries. The change of e-government development level seems to not affect the change ofcorruption levelin 57 countries in the past ten years. On the other hand, the magnitude of the way that e-government affect corruption does vary according to different cultural contexts. E-government development affects corruption more effectively in countries with a culture that have low uncertainty avoidance level and low power distance level. We also find that GDP per capita is a consistent estimator of corruption and e-government development, which implies that economic development is essential to cure corruption and provide funding for e-government development.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131107050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Government data interoperability facilitates information sharing between business processes and organizations contributing to enhance public service delivery and informed decisions to support public policy making. Despite its relevance, there is scarce research work on solutions to facilitate data interoperability in the Science and Technology government sector. This paper presents a case study describing a technical solution -- Integrated Management and Evaluation System (SIGEVA -- Sistema Integrado de Gestión y Evaluación), implemented by the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) in Argentina. SIGEVA comprises a set of applications for the management and evaluation of research projects and researchers, widely used by research centers, public and private universities, and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation in Argentina. The relevance of SIGEVA relies on showcasing a technical solution overcoming barriers for data exchange, enabling to nationally consolidate relevant information related to science and technology. However, the analysis of the case study reveals weaknesses. Results show that an initial stage of data interoperability contributes to break information silos among organizations contributing to improve end users' activities. However, further interoperability levels and non-technical issues are required and must be considered during the development process of technical solutions for data interoperability. The paper also presents a data interoperability framework to ensure semantic consistency while dealing with data heterogeneity. The framework is validated against the weaknesses identified for the case study, and an approach for generalizing its usage to other government sectors is discussed.
政府数据的互操作性促进了业务流程和组织之间的信息共享，有助于加强公共服务的提供和知情决策，以支持公共政策的制定。尽管它具有相关性，但在促进科技政府部门数据互操作性的解决方案方面的研究工作很少。本文介绍了一个案例研究，描述了阿根廷国家科学技术研究委员会(CONICET)实施的技术解决方案-综合管理和评估系统(SIGEVA - Sistema Integrado de Gestión y Evaluación)。SIGEVA包括一套用于管理和评估研究项目和研究人员的应用程序，被阿根廷的研究中心、公立和私立大学以及科学、技术和生产创新部广泛使用。SIGEVA的相关性依赖于展示克服数据交换障碍的技术解决方案，使国家能够整合与科学和技术有关的相关信息。然而，对案例研究的分析揭示了不足之处。结果表明，数据互操作性的初始阶段有助于打破组织之间的信息孤岛，从而改善最终用户的活动。然而，需要进一步的互操作性级别和非技术问题，并且必须在数据互操作性技术解决方案的开发过程中加以考虑。本文还提出了一个数据互操作框架，在处理数据异构的同时保证语义一致性。针对案例研究确定的弱点，对框架进行了验证，并讨论了将其推广到其他政府部门的方法。
{"title":"Facilitating Data Interoperability in Science and Technology: A Case Study and a Technical Solution","authors":"Karina M. Cenci, Elsa Estevez, P. Fillottrani","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085291","url":null,"abstract":"Government data interoperability facilitates information sharing between business processes and organizations contributing to enhance public service delivery and informed decisions to support public policy making. Despite its relevance, there is scarce research work on solutions to facilitate data interoperability in the Science and Technology government sector. This paper presents a case study describing a technical solution -- Integrated Management and Evaluation System (SIGEVA -- Sistema Integrado de Gestión y Evaluación), implemented by the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) in Argentina. SIGEVA comprises a set of applications for the management and evaluation of research projects and researchers, widely used by research centers, public and private universities, and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation in Argentina. The relevance of SIGEVA relies on showcasing a technical solution overcoming barriers for data exchange, enabling to nationally consolidate relevant information related to science and technology. However, the analysis of the case study reveals weaknesses. Results show that an initial stage of data interoperability contributes to break information silos among organizations contributing to improve end users' activities. However, further interoperability levels and non-technical issues are required and must be considered during the development process of technical solutions for data interoperability. The paper also presents a data interoperability framework to ensure semantic consistency while dealing with data heterogeneity. The framework is validated against the weaknesses identified for the case study, and an approach for generalizing its usage to other government sectors is discussed.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130153810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuel Ríos, Valentín Robles, Federico Rudolf, T. Rahman
This poster paper presents initial results of a research and development project that aims at promoting citizen engagement on city issues through a mobile application and a back-office solution. Through a mobile app, called MiCiudad (MyCity) citizens can report different kinds of issues affecting their neighborhoods or lives in the city; for example, they can inform about non-working traffic lights, garbage on the street, power cuts on a given sector, insecurity issues on a specific neighborhood, etc. Through the back-office solution, the system facilitates communication between local government authorities, private companies responsible for service delivery and community members. The solution assists in reporting service malfunctioning, that is often hard and messy for citizens, mainly due to many different channels available for such communication. Usually, each service provider offers its own channels to report problems, and the local government also provides some more -- e.g. 911, email, social media accounts, etc. The availability of so many channels causes losses in both ends; citizens tend to choose not to report issues bothering them, and as a consequence, private companies or the local government delay in detecting service malfunction. Both situations end in lack of service improvements.
{"title":"\"miCiudad\" (myCity): Promoting Citizen Engagement to Improve Service Delivery in Cities","authors":"Manuel Ríos, Valentín Robles, Federico Rudolf, T. Rahman","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085322","url":null,"abstract":"This poster paper presents initial results of a research and development project that aims at promoting citizen engagement on city issues through a mobile application and a back-office solution. Through a mobile app, called MiCiudad (MyCity) citizens can report different kinds of issues affecting their neighborhoods or lives in the city; for example, they can inform about non-working traffic lights, garbage on the street, power cuts on a given sector, insecurity issues on a specific neighborhood, etc. Through the back-office solution, the system facilitates communication between local government authorities, private companies responsible for service delivery and community members. The solution assists in reporting service malfunctioning, that is often hard and messy for citizens, mainly due to many different channels available for such communication. Usually, each service provider offers its own channels to report problems, and the local government also provides some more -- e.g. 911, email, social media accounts, etc. The availability of so many channels causes losses in both ends; citizens tend to choose not to report issues bothering them, and as a consequence, private companies or the local government delay in detecting service malfunction. Both situations end in lack of service improvements.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132741225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Portable Document Format (PDF) has been a popular way to exchange data in documents since Adobe introduced the format in 1993. Its report-like characteristic which preserves and prioritizes graphical visualization was part of the main publishing concerns among several segments including government agencies. In this way, tabular data started to be enclosed within PDF documents and disclosed in government portals. This situation, apart being surprisingly contradictory to data openness, is still found even in the major open data initiatives. It is estimated that roughly 13% of published files in some main open data portals around the world have their data made available in PDF. Thus, there is a need for effective tools capable of extracting tabular content (a main placeholder for data) from PDF to allow its data to be published in more open formats such as the well-known CSV which complies with accessible and machine processable open data principles. This paper aims at providing a structured and comprehensive overview of the research in tabular content extraction specifically from PDF documents as well as to provide an overview of most recent practical results in the literature. The contribution of this work goes beyond theoretical discussions by helping data practitioners to understand to what extent methods and tools regarding tabular content extraction from PDF can benefit the open data initiatives in practical and effective ways.
{"title":"Unleashing Tabular Content to Open Data: A Survey on PDF Table Extraction Methods and Tools","authors":"A. Corrêa, Pär-Ola Zander","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085278","url":null,"abstract":"Portable Document Format (PDF) has been a popular way to exchange data in documents since Adobe introduced the format in 1993. Its report-like characteristic which preserves and prioritizes graphical visualization was part of the main publishing concerns among several segments including government agencies. In this way, tabular data started to be enclosed within PDF documents and disclosed in government portals. This situation, apart being surprisingly contradictory to data openness, is still found even in the major open data initiatives. It is estimated that roughly 13% of published files in some main open data portals around the world have their data made available in PDF. Thus, there is a need for effective tools capable of extracting tabular content (a main placeholder for data) from PDF to allow its data to be published in more open formats such as the well-known CSV which complies with accessible and machine processable open data principles. This paper aims at providing a structured and comprehensive overview of the research in tabular content extraction specifically from PDF documents as well as to provide an overview of most recent practical results in the literature. The contribution of this work goes beyond theoretical discussions by helping data practitioners to understand to what extent methods and tools regarding tabular content extraction from PDF can benefit the open data initiatives in practical and effective ways.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129475195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This1 paper summarizes the history of Chinese administrative modernization and reform and discusses the ways in which China's e-government development agenda supports reform in the areas of transforming functions, streamlining processes, and enhancing transparency and citizen engagement. It offers a conceptual model of how e-government supports reform through policies, technologies, management improvements, and data designed to overcome the barriers of technical capability, staff resistance, and lack of cross-boundary collaboration. The analysis also shows how this interaction has generated new issues regarding official corruption and public engagement. We conclude with a future research agenda.
{"title":"E-government Support for Administrative Reform in China","authors":"Yumei Chen, S. Dawes, Shanshan Chen","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085269","url":null,"abstract":"This1 paper summarizes the history of Chinese administrative modernization and reform and discusses the ways in which China's e-government development agenda supports reform in the areas of transforming functions, streamlining processes, and enhancing transparency and citizen engagement. It offers a conceptual model of how e-government supports reform through policies, technologies, management improvements, and data designed to overcome the barriers of technical capability, staff resistance, and lack of cross-boundary collaboration. The analysis also shows how this interaction has generated new issues regarding official corruption and public engagement. We conclude with a future research agenda.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124325252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Session details: Opening Government","authors":"M. Janssen, V. Weerakkody, A. Ojo","doi":"10.1145/3247589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3247589","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122202028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microblogging has been increasingly used by governments and citizens in emergency response. This paper aims to explore how citizens use microblogging to participate in emergency situations. By analyzing microblog data during the 2013 Water Contamination Emergency in Shanghai, this paper shows that citizens used microblogging platforms as a bottom-up channel to communicate with government agencies. Four different ways to use microblogging have been identified. Findings reveal that citizens turned it into a social sensor for governments to monitor and adjust their response actions. Citizens' subjective opinions and judgment reflected their focuses and concerns during the emergency, although they were sometimes inaccurate. Citizens used microblogging platforms to participate while they were still lack of capability and motivation to develop a collaborative network with government agencies. Government agencies still face great challenges to monitor online public participation and to effectively separate key information from noise more.
{"title":"Citizens' Use of Microblogging During Emergency: A Case Study on Water Contamination in Shanghai","authors":"Qianli Yuan, M. Gascó","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085306","url":null,"abstract":"Microblogging has been increasingly used by governments and citizens in emergency response. This paper aims to explore how citizens use microblogging to participate in emergency situations. By analyzing microblog data during the 2013 Water Contamination Emergency in Shanghai, this paper shows that citizens used microblogging platforms as a bottom-up channel to communicate with government agencies. Four different ways to use microblogging have been identified. Findings reveal that citizens turned it into a social sensor for governments to monitor and adjust their response actions. Citizens' subjective opinions and judgment reflected their focuses and concerns during the emergency, although they were sometimes inaccurate. Citizens used microblogging platforms to participate while they were still lack of capability and motivation to develop a collaborative network with government agencies. Government agencies still face great challenges to monitor online public participation and to effectively separate key information from noise more.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114200838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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