In the new era of Cognitive Computing we have the possibility and obligation to use in a better way the large amount of information available. Thanks to the powerful Cloud architecture and supporting cutting-edge technologies, we look for ways to improve our environment, and consequently the cities, the most natural social environment. According to the United Nations, it is estimated that two-thirds of the population will live in cities by 2050. This significant increase in urbanization in these recent years has become a major workload for many city systems, among others the system of mobility. Thanks to the use of cognitive computing and analytical tools, we will find new strategies of economic development that promote the growth, reduce the poverty and protect the environment at the same time.
{"title":"Cognitive Analytics of Smart Cities: A case of Málaga City","authors":"Jacobo Garnacho Pérez, David Gómez Toledo","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085265","url":null,"abstract":"In the new era of Cognitive Computing we have the possibility and obligation to use in a better way the large amount of information available. Thanks to the powerful Cloud architecture and supporting cutting-edge technologies, we look for ways to improve our environment, and consequently the cities, the most natural social environment. According to the United Nations, it is estimated that two-thirds of the population will live in cities by 2050. This significant increase in urbanization in these recent years has become a major workload for many city systems, among others the system of mobility. Thanks to the use of cognitive computing and analytical tools, we will find new strategies of economic development that promote the growth, reduce the poverty and protect the environment at the same time.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130098914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As1 the one major aim of open government data initiatives is to release the social and business values, which is a big challenge to assess. In this research demo, we propose the value assessment framework and provide the value chains to assess open data values after it is open and used. We participated and found stories from different stakeholders, which is also of value. The case and data in this research are based on the open data contest held in Shanghai in 2015 in China.
{"title":"Value Research on Open Government Data: Cases of Shanghai Open Data Apps in China","authors":"Wenzeng Lyu, Lei Zheng","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085250","url":null,"abstract":"As1 the one major aim of open government data initiatives is to release the social and business values, which is a big challenge to assess. In this research demo, we propose the value assessment framework and provide the value chains to assess open data values after it is open and used. We participated and found stories from different stakeholders, which is also of value. The case and data in this research are based on the open data contest held in Shanghai in 2015 in China.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129958878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Session details: Opening Government","authors":"M. Janssen, V. Weerakkody, A. Ojo","doi":"10.1145/3247595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3247595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127696003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Krimmer, Tarmo Kalvet, Maarja Toots, Aleksandrs Cepilovs, E. Tambouris
This paper presents a large-scale project aiming at the implementation of the once-only principle in Europe. The project aims to explore and demonstrate the once-only principle in practice through multiple sustainable pilots. For this purpose, a federated architecture will be developed on a cross-border European scale to connect sixty information systems across all involved countries. Drivers and barriers, such as data protection and data-sharing requirements, implementation costs, public sector silo issues, legal barriers and/or gaps, will be identified along with the relevant benefits and impacts, both tangible and intangible. It is expected that the foreseen generic approach will result in significant reduction in the cost of future once-only based e-services globally.
{"title":"Exploring and Demonstrating the Once-Only Principle: A European Perspective","authors":"R. Krimmer, Tarmo Kalvet, Maarja Toots, Aleksandrs Cepilovs, E. Tambouris","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085235","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a large-scale project aiming at the implementation of the once-only principle in Europe. The project aims to explore and demonstrate the once-only principle in practice through multiple sustainable pilots. For this purpose, a federated architecture will be developed on a cross-border European scale to connect sixty information systems across all involved countries. Drivers and barriers, such as data protection and data-sharing requirements, implementation costs, public sector silo issues, legal barriers and/or gaps, will be identified along with the relevant benefits and impacts, both tangible and intangible. It is expected that the foreseen generic approach will result in significant reduction in the cost of future once-only based e-services globally.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124448123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Webpages and social media associated with geographic communities reflect local events and social interactions. When we archive and analyze these aggregated data of events and interactions over time, we observe a kind of history of a given period for a geographic area, similar to a collection of local information, newspaper stories and citizen commentary. In our data set, we have syndicated (RSS) feeds of information and news posted on websites and social media of local organizations, including government, as well as tweets, blogs and Facebook posts made by organizations and individuals. This kind of collection has built-in biases, of course, just as local print media and online newsgroups do. Nonetheless, the aggregated content reflects a geographic community of users, comprised of individuals as well as organizations, such as, government agencies, businesses, local voluntary associations and residents. We analyzed our data using the standard Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm and the open source tool NodeXL to identify topics and their changes over time. We also created social graphs based on retweets and @ mentions and quantified exchanges around main topics. Our findings show: 1) distinct topics 2) large and small social interactions around a variety of topics, and 3) patterns suggesting what are called 'community clusters' and 'tight crowd' types of conversations.
{"title":"Reflecting Community Events and Social Interactions through Archived Social Media","authors":"Andrea L. Kavanaugh, Ziqian Song","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085282","url":null,"abstract":"Webpages and social media associated with geographic communities reflect local events and social interactions. When we archive and analyze these aggregated data of events and interactions over time, we observe a kind of history of a given period for a geographic area, similar to a collection of local information, newspaper stories and citizen commentary. In our data set, we have syndicated (RSS) feeds of information and news posted on websites and social media of local organizations, including government, as well as tweets, blogs and Facebook posts made by organizations and individuals. This kind of collection has built-in biases, of course, just as local print media and online newsgroups do. Nonetheless, the aggregated content reflects a geographic community of users, comprised of individuals as well as organizations, such as, government agencies, businesses, local voluntary associations and residents. We analyzed our data using the standard Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm and the open source tool NodeXL to identify topics and their changes over time. We also created social graphs based on retweets and @ mentions and quantified exchanges around main topics. Our findings show: 1) distinct topics 2) large and small social interactions around a variety of topics, and 3) patterns suggesting what are called 'community clusters' and 'tight crowd' types of conversations.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"2 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120880537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Wimmer, E. Tambouris, R. Krimmer, J. Ramon Gil-Garcia, A. Chatfield
The Once-Once Principle (OOP) suggests that citizens and businesses should have the right to supply information only once to a public administration. It would then be the responsibility of public administration offices to take all necessary actions in order to internally share this data by respecting the relevant data protection rules. The overall aim is to reduce administrative burden. The implementation of the OOP is high on the political agenda of many countries including the Member States of the European Union. The aim of this panel is to enable an open discussion between the panelists and the audience in order to exchange good practices and also identify and prioritize benefits and barriers as well as possible next steps towards widely imple-menting the once only principle in public service provisioning.
“一次原则”(one - once Principle, OOP)认为，公民和企业应该有权只向公共行政部门提供一次信息。因此，公共行政办公室有责任采取一切必要行动，尊重有关的数据保护规则，以便在内部共享这些数据。总的目标是减轻行政负担。执行OOP是包括欧洲联盟成员国在内的许多国家政治议程上的重要事项。该小组的目的是使小组成员和听众之间能够进行公开讨论，以交流良好做法，并确定和优先考虑利益和障碍，以及在公共服务提供中广泛实施“一次唯一”原则的下一步可能的步骤。
{"title":"Once Only Principle: Benefits, Barriers and Next Steps","authors":"M. Wimmer, E. Tambouris, R. Krimmer, J. Ramon Gil-Garcia, A. Chatfield","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085296","url":null,"abstract":"The Once-Once Principle (OOP) suggests that citizens and businesses should have the right to supply information only once to a public administration. It would then be the responsibility of public administration offices to take all necessary actions in order to internally share this data by respecting the relevant data protection rules. The overall aim is to reduce administrative burden. The implementation of the OOP is high on the political agenda of many countries including the Member States of the European Union. The aim of this panel is to enable an open discussion between the panelists and the audience in order to exchange good practices and also identify and prioritize benefits and barriers as well as possible next steps towards widely imple-menting the once only principle in public service provisioning.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132525587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergio Picazo-Vela, Rodrigo Sandoval-Almazán, G. Cid, D. E. Luna-Reyes, L. Luna-Reyes, José Ramón Gil-García, L. Hernandez-Juarez
Social1 media sites have become a very important part of the life of many individuals, and they have become the tool to express ideas freely, which can influence the opinions of others, and help to organize people to protest policy changes. Such could have been the case of the protests and plundering resulting from the release of fuel prices in Mexico. We hope to better understand this phenomenon by analyzing tweets posted within the dates that preceded and followed the increase of fuel price, by applying techniques of topic extraction and automatic text analysis. This research can be useful to governments to understand their citizens' reactions and needs.
{"title":"The Role of Social Media Sites on Social Movements against Policy Changes","authors":"Sergio Picazo-Vela, Rodrigo Sandoval-Almazán, G. Cid, D. E. Luna-Reyes, L. Luna-Reyes, José Ramón Gil-García, L. Hernandez-Juarez","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085260","url":null,"abstract":"Social1 media sites have become a very important part of the life of many individuals, and they have become the tool to express ideas freely, which can influence the opinions of others, and help to organize people to protest policy changes. Such could have been the case of the protests and plundering resulting from the release of fuel prices in Mexico. We hope to better understand this phenomenon by analyzing tweets posted within the dates that preceded and followed the increase of fuel price, by applying techniques of topic extraction and automatic text analysis. This research can be useful to governments to understand their citizens' reactions and needs.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129536665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guruprasad Gadgil, V. Prybutok, Gayle L. Prybutok, D. Peak
The growth of social networking sites in the last few years has changed the pattern of its utility thereby providing yet another new social phenomenon. Of particular interest is the intention of recruiting managers to use social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace to conduct background checks on prospective job candidates. Also, school authorities and law enforcement officials have occasionally used evidence gleaned from a user's Facebook account to trace or confirm evidence of criminal activities. This research contributes to the existing literature by extending existing theory that integrates the theoretical framework of digital impression management with trust in the accuracy of digital information using nine independent variables: visibility indicator, SNS information currency, visibility awareness, technology awareness, impression motivation, SNS information quality, information objectivity, information relevance, and SNS information trustworthiness to predict a dependent variable, impression construction. The authors developed the proposed model based on the existing literature. Using Impression Management Theory, and Trust in Digital Information Theory, this work posits a framework that describes how user behavior is related to visibility awareness, trust in a social networking site information, and awareness of various features of the technology. The implications of this study emphasize the value of the impression management framework and attempts to explain the very complex human behavior in an online platform. The authors of this research acknowledge limitations. This study does not consider whether impression management in the context of online social interactions results in perceived resonant or discordant realities of the actors creating the impression for the target audience, which is outside the scope of this research. Future research will test this posited model.
{"title":"Investigating trust in information and impression management of students on Facebook","authors":"Guruprasad Gadgil, V. Prybutok, Gayle L. Prybutok, D. Peak","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085246","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of social networking sites in the last few years has changed the pattern of its utility thereby providing yet another new social phenomenon. Of particular interest is the intention of recruiting managers to use social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace to conduct background checks on prospective job candidates. Also, school authorities and law enforcement officials have occasionally used evidence gleaned from a user's Facebook account to trace or confirm evidence of criminal activities. This research contributes to the existing literature by extending existing theory that integrates the theoretical framework of digital impression management with trust in the accuracy of digital information using nine independent variables: visibility indicator, SNS information currency, visibility awareness, technology awareness, impression motivation, SNS information quality, information objectivity, information relevance, and SNS information trustworthiness to predict a dependent variable, impression construction. The authors developed the proposed model based on the existing literature. Using Impression Management Theory, and Trust in Digital Information Theory, this work posits a framework that describes how user behavior is related to visibility awareness, trust in a social networking site information, and awareness of various features of the technology. The implications of this study emphasize the value of the impression management framework and attempts to explain the very complex human behavior in an online platform. The authors of this research acknowledge limitations. This study does not consider whether impression management in the context of online social interactions results in perceived resonant or discordant realities of the actors creating the impression for the target audience, which is outside the scope of this research. Future research will test this posited model.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123279667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering that social media as new tools complement existing e-government services, it is necessary to understand what types of e-government service better fit with different social media tools. However, the roles of e-government services in the adoption of social media in government are understudied. Moreover, little is known about social media use in small local governments. This research addresses these research gaps by exploring the relationship between different types of e-government service and social media adoption by small local governments. It also explores how these small local governments use social media. Drawing from e-government and social media literature, it offers hypotheses by focusing on the relationship between e-government service characteristics and the adoption of Facebook and Twitter in the context of small local government. Using original survey and census data of local governments in Nebraska, it finds that transaction services are associated with the adoption of Facebook while information services are related to the adoption of Twitter.
{"title":"E-Government Services and Social Media Adoption: Experience of Small Local Governments in Nebraska","authors":"Xian Gao, Jooho Lee","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085258","url":null,"abstract":"Considering that social media as new tools complement existing e-government services, it is necessary to understand what types of e-government service better fit with different social media tools. However, the roles of e-government services in the adoption of social media in government are understudied. Moreover, little is known about social media use in small local governments. This research addresses these research gaps by exploring the relationship between different types of e-government service and social media adoption by small local governments. It also explores how these small local governments use social media. Drawing from e-government and social media literature, it offers hypotheses by focusing on the relationship between e-government service characteristics and the adoption of Facebook and Twitter in the context of small local government. Using original survey and census data of local governments in Nebraska, it finds that transaction services are associated with the adoption of Facebook while information services are related to the adoption of Twitter.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123783476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The degree of citizens participation and political involvement within democratic societies may vary from one person to another. Similarly, the diversity of political engagement of users might be observed in online platforms. For example, Twitter users might be characterized as highly politically active or poorly politically active citizens, according to their Twitter activity. Identifying the level of interest in politics of a user would be relevant to provide them with meaningful recommendations such as political actors to follow, tweets talking about politics, and political-oriented lists, among others. However, due to the information overload and the wide range of topics posted on Twitter, generating personalized political-related suggestions becomes a problem. In this paper, we address this challenge by presenting a preliminary work where we i) identify the degree of interest in politics (DoIP) of a sample of Twitter users and ii) measure the correlation of this degree with their Twitter friends' DoIP, aiming to use it in following back recommendations. Both i) and ii) can be considered as core bases when designing a following back recommender system for users interested in politics. This research approach is novel with respect to the state of the art given the current lack of studies in following back recommendations for Twitter users. Experiments on real data in the context of politics in Ecuador show the effectiveness of our approach in identifying the DoIP of Twitter citizens and the positive association of it with their friends'.
{"title":"Who is suitable to be followed back when you are a Twitter interested in Politics?","authors":"Lorena Recalde, Aigul Kaskina","doi":"10.1145/3085228.3085303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085303","url":null,"abstract":"The degree of citizens participation and political involvement within democratic societies may vary from one person to another. Similarly, the diversity of political engagement of users might be observed in online platforms. For example, Twitter users might be characterized as highly politically active or poorly politically active citizens, according to their Twitter activity. Identifying the level of interest in politics of a user would be relevant to provide them with meaningful recommendations such as political actors to follow, tweets talking about politics, and political-oriented lists, among others. However, due to the information overload and the wide range of topics posted on Twitter, generating personalized political-related suggestions becomes a problem. In this paper, we address this challenge by presenting a preliminary work where we i) identify the degree of interest in politics (DoIP) of a sample of Twitter users and ii) measure the correlation of this degree with their Twitter friends' DoIP, aiming to use it in following back recommendations. Both i) and ii) can be considered as core bases when designing a following back recommender system for users interested in politics. This research approach is novel with respect to the state of the art given the current lack of studies in following back recommendations for Twitter users. Experiments on real data in the context of politics in Ecuador show the effectiveness of our approach in identifying the DoIP of Twitter citizens and the positive association of it with their friends'.","PeriodicalId":416111,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122833123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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