Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074645
Shan He, D. Kirovski
In a quest to improve the collusion resistance of spread-spectrum multimedia fingerprints with respect to the Gradient Attack, in this paper we realize two facts. One, the expected means of correlation tests performed on collusion attacks that use max-min, median, and averaging filters exhibit different behavior for bounded Laplace and Gaussian fingerprints. Two, by using a balanced mixture of these two distributions to construct multimedia fingerprints, we notice that the most powerful gradient attack vector with respect to the three attack filters can be attenuated substantially, which in turn yields better collusion resistance.
{"title":"Mixing bounded Laplace and Gaussian fingerprints","authors":"Shan He, D. Kirovski","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074645","url":null,"abstract":"In a quest to improve the collusion resistance of spread-spectrum multimedia fingerprints with respect to the Gradient Attack, in this paper we realize two facts. One, the expected means of correlation tests performed on collusion attacks that use max-min, median, and averaging filters exhibit different behavior for bounded Laplace and Gaussian fingerprints. Two, by using a balanced mixture of these two distributions to construct multimedia fingerprints, we notice that the most powerful gradient attack vector with respect to the three attack filters can be attenuated substantially, which in turn yields better collusion resistance.","PeriodicalId":416114,"journal":{"name":"2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131055091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074737
R. Raafat, Amira M. Abdel-Majeed, R. Samy, Tarek ElDeeb, Yasmin Farouk, Mostafa Elkhouly, H. Fahmy
Decimal arithmetic is important in several commercial applications including financial analysis, banking, tax calculation, currency conversion, insurance, and accounting. This paper presents a fully parallel Decimal64 floating point (FP) multiplier compliant to IEEE Std 754-2008 for floating point arithmetic. The proposed multiplier possesses novel methods to target low latency. The proposed design is based on a previously published fixed point multiplier that uses a novel BCD-4221 recoding for decimal digits to improve the area and latency of the partial product generation and the partial product reduction tree. Several enhancements are introduced to the design; the final carry propagation adder is implemented using a fully parallel decimal adder with a Kogge-Stone prefix tree, the sticky bit is generated in parallel to the shifter to reduce the critical path delay. The design is extendable to support Decimal128 floating point multiplication. The multiplier is hardware verified for functionality on an FPGA.
{"title":"A decimal fully parallel and pipelined floating point multiplier","authors":"R. Raafat, Amira M. Abdel-Majeed, R. Samy, Tarek ElDeeb, Yasmin Farouk, Mostafa Elkhouly, H. Fahmy","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074737","url":null,"abstract":"Decimal arithmetic is important in several commercial applications including financial analysis, banking, tax calculation, currency conversion, insurance, and accounting. This paper presents a fully parallel Decimal64 floating point (FP) multiplier compliant to IEEE Std 754-2008 for floating point arithmetic. The proposed multiplier possesses novel methods to target low latency. The proposed design is based on a previously published fixed point multiplier that uses a novel BCD-4221 recoding for decimal digits to improve the area and latency of the partial product generation and the partial product reduction tree. Several enhancements are introduced to the design; the final carry propagation adder is implemented using a fully parallel decimal adder with a Kogge-Stone prefix tree, the sticky bit is generated in parallel to the shifter to reduce the critical path delay. The design is extendable to support Decimal128 floating point multiplication. The multiplier is hardware verified for functionality on an FPGA.","PeriodicalId":416114,"journal":{"name":"2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130417804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074663
R. Bendlin, Yih-Fang Huang, M. Ivrlac, J. Nossek
We consider the downlink of a cellular multiple input single output (MISO) system with multiple users per cell. Fast scheduling and spatial signal processing at the base stations result in unpredictable non-stationary intercell interference when the base stations do not cooperate. We show how the per cell sum-rate can be increased when Kalman filters are employed to forecast the interference power for the next transmission. We compare these results for dirty-paper coding and beamforming to systems where the intercell interference powers are perfectly known through feedback channels or cooperating base stations and to systems where outdated information is used.
{"title":"Circumventing base station cooperation through Kalman prediction of intercell interference","authors":"R. Bendlin, Yih-Fang Huang, M. Ivrlac, J. Nossek","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074663","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the downlink of a cellular multiple input single output (MISO) system with multiple users per cell. Fast scheduling and spatial signal processing at the base stations result in unpredictable non-stationary intercell interference when the base stations do not cooperate. We show how the per cell sum-rate can be increased when Kalman filters are employed to forecast the interference power for the next transmission. We compare these results for dirty-paper coding and beamforming to systems where the intercell interference powers are perfectly known through feedback channels or cooperating base stations and to systems where outdated information is used.","PeriodicalId":416114,"journal":{"name":"2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127984458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074798
N. Shivaramaiah, A. Dempster
Multiple peaks in autocorrelation functions of Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulation in the Galileo signals cause ambiguities during signal acquisition. Some techniques address this problem by compromising receiver sensitivity or acquisition time. The delay and add method addresses this problem by combining delayed versions of the correlator outputs. Types of detectors and the effect of signal filtering were not considered during the formulation of the decision statistic for that method. In this paper we analyze the effect of filtering and detector types on the unambiguous acquisition methods for Galileo E5 signals and compare the acquisition performances.
{"title":"An unambiguous detector architecture for Galileo ES signal acquisition","authors":"N. Shivaramaiah, A. Dempster","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074798","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple peaks in autocorrelation functions of Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulation in the Galileo signals cause ambiguities during signal acquisition. Some techniques address this problem by compromising receiver sensitivity or acquisition time. The delay and add method addresses this problem by combining delayed versions of the correlator outputs. Types of detectors and the effect of signal filtering were not considered during the formulation of the decision statistic for that method. In this paper we analyze the effect of filtering and detector types on the unambiguous acquisition methods for Galileo E5 signals and compare the acquisition performances.","PeriodicalId":416114,"journal":{"name":"2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131239728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074458
L. Fertig
Urban surveillance with airborne radar systems is very challenging due to blockage of line-of-sight caused by buildings. To overcome this limitation, it is very likely that the radar will be mounted on a small, inexpensive unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that can fly directly over an urban area of interest. Unfortunately, such systems provide very little power to their payloads, frequently less than 100 W. Despite recent advances in high-performance computing, it is extremely doubtful that such a limited power budget will be sufficient to both provide persistent illumination of the region of interest, and implement the very sophisticated radar processing that will be required for urban operation. In this paper, we propose a means of overcoming this power deficit by off loading nearly all of the required processing to a ground station. This is accomplished by a strategy we call ldquoretrodirective airborne radarrdquo. In essence, the waveform used for transmit at a particular pulse time corresponds to a coded version of the signal received during the previous receive interval. A ground station is used to demodulate the signals (originally received at the UAV) and process them.
{"title":"Retrodirective airborne radar for urban surveillance","authors":"L. Fertig","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074458","url":null,"abstract":"Urban surveillance with airborne radar systems is very challenging due to blockage of line-of-sight caused by buildings. To overcome this limitation, it is very likely that the radar will be mounted on a small, inexpensive unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that can fly directly over an urban area of interest. Unfortunately, such systems provide very little power to their payloads, frequently less than 100 W. Despite recent advances in high-performance computing, it is extremely doubtful that such a limited power budget will be sufficient to both provide persistent illumination of the region of interest, and implement the very sophisticated radar processing that will be required for urban operation. In this paper, we propose a means of overcoming this power deficit by off loading nearly all of the required processing to a ground station. This is accomplished by a strategy we call ldquoretrodirective airborne radarrdquo. In essence, the waveform used for transmit at a particular pulse time corresponds to a coded version of the signal received during the previous receive interval. A ground station is used to demodulate the signals (originally received at the UAV) and process them.","PeriodicalId":416114,"journal":{"name":"2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128996445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074455
N. Marechal
A stereometric SAR model for the terrain elevation error is derived which is applicable to general imaging geometries. Range and azimuth stereo sensitivity coefficients are defined which facilitate analysis of wide angle crossed track, as well as parallel track geometries. The geometries are described in terms of a local ground reference point and unit vectors defining the associated slant plane image pairs. Complex-valued image pair correlation is studied for the case of crossed track geometries, including variations with the terrain gradient relative to the slant plane. The associated Prati shift vector and shape of the region of spectral overlap (frequency response support intersection), which characterize the correlation, are also discussed.
{"title":"A terrain elevation error model for stereometric SAR systems engineering","authors":"N. Marechal","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074455","url":null,"abstract":"A stereometric SAR model for the terrain elevation error is derived which is applicable to general imaging geometries. Range and azimuth stereo sensitivity coefficients are defined which facilitate analysis of wide angle crossed track, as well as parallel track geometries. The geometries are described in terms of a local ground reference point and unit vectors defining the associated slant plane image pairs. Complex-valued image pair correlation is studied for the case of crossed track geometries, including variations with the terrain gradient relative to the slant plane. The associated Prati shift vector and shape of the region of spectral overlap (frequency response support intersection), which characterize the correlation, are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":416114,"journal":{"name":"2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129040934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074374
O. Simeone, O. Somekh, H. Poor, S. Shamai
Joint decoding at the base stations of a cellular wireless network enables inter-cell interference mitigation, thus enhancing the system throughput. However, deployment of joint multicell decoding depends critically on the availability of backhaul links connecting the base stations to a central processor. This work studies a scenario in which finite-capacity unidirectional backhaul links exist only between base stations belonging to adjacent cells. Relying on a linear Wyner-type cellular model with no fading, achievable rates are derived for the two scenarios in which the base stations are endowed only with the codebooks of local (in-cell) mobile stations, or also with the codebooks used in adjacent cells. The analysis sheds light on the impact of codebook information, decoding delay and network planning (frequency reuse), on the performance of multicell processing as enabled by local and finite-capacity backhaul links. Analysis in the high-SNR regime and numerical results validate the main conclusions.
{"title":"Enhancing uplink throughput via local base station cooperation","authors":"O. Simeone, O. Somekh, H. Poor, S. Shamai","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074374","url":null,"abstract":"Joint decoding at the base stations of a cellular wireless network enables inter-cell interference mitigation, thus enhancing the system throughput. However, deployment of joint multicell decoding depends critically on the availability of backhaul links connecting the base stations to a central processor. This work studies a scenario in which finite-capacity unidirectional backhaul links exist only between base stations belonging to adjacent cells. Relying on a linear Wyner-type cellular model with no fading, achievable rates are derived for the two scenarios in which the base stations are endowed only with the codebooks of local (in-cell) mobile stations, or also with the codebooks used in adjacent cells. The analysis sheds light on the impact of codebook information, decoding delay and network planning (frequency reuse), on the performance of multicell processing as enabled by local and finite-capacity backhaul links. Analysis in the high-SNR regime and numerical results validate the main conclusions.","PeriodicalId":416114,"journal":{"name":"2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129249799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074674
R. Narasimha, Naresh R Shanbhag
Modern state-of-the-art high-speed (Gb/s) I/O links today rely exclusively upon an equalization-based transceiver to achieve a bit error-rate (BER) of 10-15. This paper explores the potential of applying forward error-correction (FEC) in such links to reduce power and BER. The FEC coding gain can be employed to lower the power consumed in the analog components (e.g., transmit driver, clock recovery unit (CRU)) since these do not scale with process technology. A BER improvement of six orders-of-magnitude and ten orders-of-magnitude is demonstrated for a 20" FR4 channel operating at 10 Gb/s with a LE and a DFE, respectively, using a BCH code. Savings in the encoder-decoder power overhead of up to 50% is demonstrated for a (63, 36, 11) BCH code using a novel gated decoder architecture.
{"title":"Forward error correction for high-speed I/O","authors":"R. Narasimha, Naresh R Shanbhag","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074674","url":null,"abstract":"Modern state-of-the-art high-speed (Gb/s) I/O links today rely exclusively upon an equalization-based transceiver to achieve a bit error-rate (BER) of 10-15. This paper explores the potential of applying forward error-correction (FEC) in such links to reduce power and BER. The FEC coding gain can be employed to lower the power consumed in the analog components (e.g., transmit driver, clock recovery unit (CRU)) since these do not scale with process technology. A BER improvement of six orders-of-magnitude and ten orders-of-magnitude is demonstrated for a 20\" FR4 channel operating at 10 Gb/s with a LE and a DFE, respectively, using a BCH code. Savings in the encoder-decoder power overhead of up to 50% is demonstrated for a (63, 36, 11) BCH code using a novel gated decoder architecture.","PeriodicalId":416114,"journal":{"name":"2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128778807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074544
M. H. Chaudhary, L. Vandendorpe, A. Zaidi
We consider a system in which distributed sensors observe a common source, quantize their observations and communicate with a remote fusion center whose role is to reconstruct the source with minimal distortion. We design a novel joint quantization and power allocation scheme for this system that minimizes reconstruction distortion by taking into account the quality of observations at the sensors, their spatial correlation, and the communication channel to the fusion center. The analysis shows how much power and bits should be allocated at each sensor. Simulation results illustrate that the sensors with low correlation with the source, high correlation with other sensors observations, poor observation quality and/or bad communication channels quantize coarsely and transmit with small power. The results also show that the design outperforms a quantization scheme based on uniform power allocation.
{"title":"Adaptive joint quantization and power allocation in wireless sensor networks","authors":"M. H. Chaudhary, L. Vandendorpe, A. Zaidi","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074544","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a system in which distributed sensors observe a common source, quantize their observations and communicate with a remote fusion center whose role is to reconstruct the source with minimal distortion. We design a novel joint quantization and power allocation scheme for this system that minimizes reconstruction distortion by taking into account the quality of observations at the sensors, their spatial correlation, and the communication channel to the fusion center. The analysis shows how much power and bits should be allocated at each sensor. Simulation results illustrate that the sensors with low correlation with the source, high correlation with other sensors observations, poor observation quality and/or bad communication channels quantize coarsely and transmit with small power. The results also show that the design outperforms a quantization scheme based on uniform power allocation.","PeriodicalId":416114,"journal":{"name":"2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126480028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074596
S. Zahedi, E. Ngai, E. Gelenbe, D. Mylaraswamy, M. Srivastava
Sensor networks with a number of wirelessly inter-connected devices have proven useful for many applications in diverse domains. The challenges of scale and resource constraints posed by this system have led to development of novel network protocols and services, but their focus has been on traditional metrics of quality of service of network data transport. Arguing that a holistic view of these systems requires an end-to-end view that combines networking quality of service concerns with the data quality and integrity of sensor sources and performance of sensor fusion algorithms, we propose to use the ldquoquality of informationrdquo (QoI) as a performance metric associated with the end result produced by a sensor network. In this paper we describe the factors that affect QoI, and describe how network protocols and services can be designed to be QoI aware.
{"title":"Information Quality aware sensor network services","authors":"S. Zahedi, E. Ngai, E. Gelenbe, D. Mylaraswamy, M. Srivastava","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074596","url":null,"abstract":"Sensor networks with a number of wirelessly inter-connected devices have proven useful for many applications in diverse domains. The challenges of scale and resource constraints posed by this system have led to development of novel network protocols and services, but their focus has been on traditional metrics of quality of service of network data transport. Arguing that a holistic view of these systems requires an end-to-end view that combines networking quality of service concerns with the data quality and integrity of sensor sources and performance of sensor fusion algorithms, we propose to use the ldquoquality of informationrdquo (QoI) as a performance metric associated with the end result produced by a sensor network. In this paper we describe the factors that affect QoI, and describe how network protocols and services can be designed to be QoI aware.","PeriodicalId":416114,"journal":{"name":"2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121415262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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