Pub Date : 2015-11-20DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341294
Morgan Clark, Chienchung Huang
This paper examines charitable giving from wealthy individuals in both the United States and China. It assesses the motivations of wealthy donors and analyzes the donation trends from the top fifty philanthropists in the last decade in both countries. The data depicts that in both the United States and China, asset size increases more rapidly than donation rates over time. Capitalism offers a possible way to advance social development; however, increasing income inequality may damage the advancement. While substantial philanthropic engagement from wealthy individuals may be an important mechanism to balance capitalism and income inequality, the data indicates that collective sharing of capital continues to have room to further develop.
{"title":"Capital and Philanthropy","authors":"Morgan Clark, Chienchung Huang","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341294","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines charitable giving from wealthy individuals in both the United States and China. It assesses the motivations of wealthy donors and analyzes the donation trends from the top fifty philanthropists in the last decade in both countries. The data depicts that in both the United States and China, asset size increases more rapidly than donation rates over time. Capitalism offers a possible way to advance social development; however, increasing income inequality may damage the advancement. While substantial philanthropic engagement from wealthy individuals may be an important mechanism to balance capitalism and income inequality, the data indicates that collective sharing of capital continues to have room to further develop.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"247-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64417074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-20DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341297
Wang Chao, Yong Li
China has entered into a new development era, an era of “China+.” During this era, both domestic and international social fields have been changed fundamentally, coupled with critical challenges as well as opportunities. From the standpoint of field theory, China will have to maintain its autonomy in the international field, while within its own domestic field, to realize its paradigm shift in its tri-sector field to exercise cross-sector cooperation, to upgrade its governance, leadership and management, and to pursue social collegiality under the 3.0 mind-set.
{"title":"Cross-Sector Cooperation and Social Collegiality during the Era of New Field in China","authors":"Wang Chao, Yong Li","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341297","url":null,"abstract":"China has entered into a new development era, an era of “China+.” During this era, both domestic and international social fields have been changed fundamentally, coupled with critical challenges as well as opportunities. From the standpoint of field theory, China will have to maintain its autonomy in the international field, while within its own domestic field, to realize its paradigm shift in its tri-sector field to exercise cross-sector cooperation, to upgrade its governance, leadership and management, and to pursue social collegiality under the 3.0 mind-set.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"321-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64417209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-20DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341298
Jin Luo, Chao Zhang
Villagers’ autonomy has been an important focus of Chinese studies on village governance and examining how villagers gain autonomy is critical to the addressing of villages’ problems. Based on the Wukan case, this paper examines why the villagers demanded democratic elections and how they acquire self-governance to run the village together through the efforts to express their collective interests. Focusing on the mobilization path, this paper argues that the process leading to self-governance involves the mobilization of organizational resources such as village elites and organizational structure as well as the “emotional resource” of cohesion, i.e. a sense of identity as part of an organization. Furthermore, self-governance acquired through mobilization only works when there is a proper organizational framework for its operation, otherwise it will become latent again.
{"title":"Seeking Self-Governance: From Grassroots Mobilization to Movement Mobilization","authors":"Jin Luo, Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341298","url":null,"abstract":"Villagers’ autonomy has been an important focus of Chinese studies on village governance and examining how villagers gain autonomy is critical to the addressing of villages’ problems. Based on the Wukan case, this paper examines why the villagers demanded democratic elections and how they acquire self-governance to run the village together through the efforts to express their collective interests. Focusing on the mobilization path, this paper argues that the process leading to self-governance involves the mobilization of organizational resources such as village elites and organizational structure as well as the “emotional resource” of cohesion, i.e. a sense of identity as part of an organization. Furthermore, self-governance acquired through mobilization only works when there is a proper organizational framework for its operation, otherwise it will become latent again.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"329-344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64417237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-20DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341295
Chen Min, Li Yuanhao
A bibliometric analysis is applied in this research to evaluate the trends of social organization research between 1994 and 2014 in published Chinese literature of all subject categories from China National Knowledge Infrastructure ( CNKI ) database. Document types, publication patterns, subject categories, journal articles, top cited papers, and long-term distribution of keyword networks are thoroughly examined. Bibliographic information is used to summarize the overall research trends, themes, and academic trajectorys of this research area. The study indicates that over the past 20 years, the development of China’s social organization research has four stages. In addition, both theoretical and practical explorations of China’s social organization research are growing progressively with a shift of research focus from Westernization to localization, from civil society to public service, and from small independent researchers to a discourse system of significant scale.
{"title":"Comprehensive Exploration of Social Organization Literature in Chinese by Bibliometric Analysis from 1994 to 2014","authors":"Chen Min, Li Yuanhao","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341295","url":null,"abstract":"A bibliometric analysis is applied in this research to evaluate the trends of social organization research between 1994 and 2014 in published Chinese literature of all subject categories from China National Knowledge Infrastructure ( CNKI ) database. Document types, publication patterns, subject categories, journal articles, top cited papers, and long-term distribution of keyword networks are thoroughly examined. Bibliographic information is used to summarize the overall research trends, themes, and academic trajectorys of this research area. The study indicates that over the past 20 years, the development of China’s social organization research has four stages. In addition, both theoretical and practical explorations of China’s social organization research are growing progressively with a shift of research focus from Westernization to localization, from civil society to public service, and from small independent researchers to a discourse system of significant scale.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"264-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64417192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-20DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341292
Tang Hao, Ma Yexin
{"title":"Undesirable Governance: A Comparative Analysis on Legal Environment of International Non-Governmental Organizations","authors":"Tang Hao, Ma Yexin","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"189-214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64416869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-20DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341299
Wenxue Zhang
Beijing Tianyi Nursing Home is a private non-profit nursing organization invested and sponsored by Catholic Patriotic Association with the ideal of rehabilitating the seniors. Tianyi Nursing Home is a typical religious social enterprise characterized by its background of Catholic faith, its purpose of social welfare, and its pursuit of sustainable development and balance of payments. Through field observations and in-depth interviews, the author studies the case of Tianyi Nursing Home, explores its different stages of historical development, reviews its successful experiences, strengths and deficits, and thus develops some knowledge about the growth process, operational mode and rules of religious social enterprises, and provides a reference for theoretical study and actual operation of religious social enterprises in mainland China.
{"title":"Religious Social Enterprises","authors":"Wenxue Zhang","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341299","url":null,"abstract":"Beijing Tianyi Nursing Home is a private non-profit nursing organization invested and sponsored by Catholic Patriotic Association with the ideal of rehabilitating the seniors. Tianyi Nursing Home is a typical religious social enterprise characterized by its background of Catholic faith, its purpose of social welfare, and its pursuit of sustainable development and balance of payments. Through field observations and in-depth interviews, the author studies the case of Tianyi Nursing Home, explores its different stages of historical development, reviews its successful experiences, strengths and deficits, and thus develops some knowledge about the growth process, operational mode and rules of religious social enterprises, and provides a reference for theoretical study and actual operation of religious social enterprises in mainland China.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"345-361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64417245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-27DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341285
Chao Zhang, X. Li, Xiao-yuan Zhang, Shulin Zhou
Studies on mass protests primarily examine the process, consequences and implications of protests from such angles as resource mobilization, political structure and opportunity, as well as policy frameworks, with little attention paid to the guiding role that related government policy have in dealing with mass protests. This paper analyzes the basic characters of government policies, further explains the basic logic behind their design, and takes the response to the Wukan incident as a typical case for confirmatory analysis. The study find that policy elements such as policy purpose, target groups, policy tools and executive bodies have remarkable underlying assumptions about effectiveness. If some assumptions fail to occur, policy failure is likely to appear. Therefore, in face of varying circumstances, it is recommended that policy design attach importance to elements about social construction, and adopt an open, interactive model which involves protesters in policy design.
{"title":"Policy Design and Social Construction amid Mass Protests","authors":"Chao Zhang, X. Li, Xiao-yuan Zhang, Shulin Zhou","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341285","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on mass protests primarily examine the process, consequences and implications of protests from such angles as resource mobilization, political structure and opportunity, as well as policy frameworks, with little attention paid to the guiding role that related government policy have in dealing with mass protests. This paper analyzes the basic characters of government policies, further explains the basic logic behind their design, and takes the response to the Wukan incident as a typical case for confirmatory analysis. The study find that policy elements such as policy purpose, target groups, policy tools and executive bodies have remarkable underlying assumptions about effectiveness. If some assumptions fail to occur, policy failure is likely to appear. Therefore, in face of varying circumstances, it is recommended that policy design attach importance to elements about social construction, and adopt an open, interactive model which involves protesters in policy design.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"35-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64416657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-27DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341286
Xiaoling Wang, F. Du, Huiying Li
In the research on the rural women’s political participation, it concerns why they participate in community governance and how we can ensure their real participation. With a case study of Zhoushan Village’s experience in successfully promoting the empowerment of rural women so that they may truly participate in community governance and then proceed to promote structural reform in the community, this paper examines the effective approaches taken over the past decade for rural women’s participation in community governance, and the far-reaching effects that their participation has had on individual and family status, the economy, society and culture. The experience of Zhoushan Village, which has been the result of interaction, is global and local, original and contextual, co-created and accepted by local women and villagers together. It will make a special contribution to good governance of rural communities in the transitional period of social governance in rural China.
{"title":"Exploring the Effective Approaches for Chinese Rural Women to Participate in Community Governance","authors":"Xiaoling Wang, F. Du, Huiying Li","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341286","url":null,"abstract":"In the research on the rural women’s political participation, it concerns why they participate in community governance and how we can ensure their real participation. With a case study of Zhoushan Village’s experience in successfully promoting the empowerment of rural women so that they may truly participate in community governance and then proceed to promote structural reform in the community, this paper examines the effective approaches taken over the past decade for rural women’s participation in community governance, and the far-reaching effects that their participation has had on individual and family status, the economy, society and culture. The experience of Zhoushan Village, which has been the result of interaction, is global and local, original and contextual, co-created and accepted by local women and villagers together. It will make a special contribution to good governance of rural communities in the transitional period of social governance in rural China.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"65-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64416703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-27DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341289
Kegao Yan, O. Luo
In China, most university education foundations seek to increase fundraising capacity through the strategy of interlocking directorates, establishing a resource-sharing platform with alumni associations. Supported by resource-dependence theory and social network theory, based on data from a sample of 88 foundations, this study tests the effectiveness of the strategy of interlocking directorates. The result of the study shows that the secretary-general intensity has a significant negative influence on fundraising capacity, while the board-chairperson intensity and the interlocking range have no significant influence on fundraising capacity. Under the existing management system, university education foundations can get beyond the predicament of the ineffective strategy of interlocking directorates by further standardizing their systems and procedures for appointing directors, giving greater impetus to the transformation of individual capital into social capital, and promoting professional and specialized operations.
{"title":"Exploring the Relationship between Interlocking Directorates and Fundraising Capacity","authors":"Kegao Yan, O. Luo","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341289","url":null,"abstract":"In China, most university education foundations seek to increase fundraising capacity through the strategy of interlocking directorates, establishing a resource-sharing platform with alumni associations. Supported by resource-dependence theory and social network theory, based on data from a sample of 88 foundations, this study tests the effectiveness of the strategy of interlocking directorates. The result of the study shows that the secretary-general intensity has a significant negative influence on fundraising capacity, while the board-chairperson intensity and the interlocking range have no significant influence on fundraising capacity. Under the existing management system, university education foundations can get beyond the predicament of the ineffective strategy of interlocking directorates by further standardizing their systems and procedures for appointing directors, giving greater impetus to the transformation of individual capital into social capital, and promoting professional and specialized operations.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"139-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64416807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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