Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341332
Kegao Yan, Shu-Wen Lin, B. Ren
In recent years, the central government encourages local governments to innovate the system for social organization management propitious to the development of social organizations, but social organizations are double-edged, which can both alleviate the social management pressure of local governments and challenge their authority. Therefore, local governments have to implement the strategy of differential control for managing social organizations. The theory of differential control is an important paradigm for explaining the government-society relationship in China, as it provides a theoretical framework for understanding local governments’ behavioral logic of developing social organizations, but local governments’ specific application and change of the strategy about differential control still need to be further explored. Based on the above observation, by collecting the panel data of 312 prefecture-level cities of China in 2008-2014, we have discovered that local governments, on the whole, have adopted the development strategy of “developing quantity and restraining capability.” They give priority to developing social organizations promoting economic development and social service, but implement strict control over environmental, legal, and international foreign-related organizations affecting the realization of economic goals or political stability. With a more developed economy and better fiscal revenues, a more lenient environment is given to social organizations by local governments, and social organizations are more developed. But the control over environmental social organizations does not change with the changes of economic development or fiscal revenues. This study not only expands the theory of differential control and provides a new understanding of the relations between government and social organizations, but also reveals local governments’ behavioral logic of developing social organizations, which also provides a new perspective for understanding local governments’ behaviors in developing social organizations.
{"title":"Local Governments’ Strategy for the Development of Social Organizations","authors":"Kegao Yan, Shu-Wen Lin, B. Ren","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341332","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the central government encourages local governments to innovate the system for social organization management propitious to the development of social organizations, but social organizations are double-edged, which can both alleviate the social management pressure of local governments and challenge their authority. Therefore, local governments have to implement the strategy of differential control for managing social organizations. The theory of differential control is an important paradigm for explaining the government-society relationship in China, as it provides a theoretical framework for understanding local governments’ behavioral logic of developing social organizations, but local governments’ specific application and change of the strategy about differential control still need to be further explored. Based on the above observation, by collecting the panel data of 312 prefecture-level cities of China in 2008-2014, we have discovered that local governments, on the whole, have adopted the development strategy of “developing quantity and restraining capability.” They give priority to developing social organizations promoting economic development and social service, but implement strict control over environmental, legal, and international foreign-related organizations affecting the realization of economic goals or political stability. With a more developed economy and better fiscal revenues, a more lenient environment is given to social organizations by local governments, and social organizations are more developed. But the control over environmental social organizations does not change with the changes of economic development or fiscal revenues. This study not only expands the theory of differential control and provides a new understanding of the relations between government and social organizations, but also reveals local governments’ behavioral logic of developing social organizations, which also provides a new perspective for understanding local governments’ behaviors in developing social organizations.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"225-255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49321481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341330
Weijing Lu, Chengcheng Liu, Xiaoping Zhao
The current studies about the transformation of government-organized foundation ( GO -foundation) usually focus on “de-administration.” Basing on new institutionalism and resource dependence theory, the study adds substantive rationality to explain GO -foundation transformation in China, and chooses 4 typical cases in Lushan earthquake relief in 2013. The study finds that, the GO -foundation goes towards two different directions during transformation: one is resource-oriented marketization and the other is value-oriented socialization. Different from enterprises, the influencing factors of foundation transformation not only include the institution system and resources but also inherent philanthropic value.
{"title":"Market Orientation or Social Orientation","authors":"Weijing Lu, Chengcheng Liu, Xiaoping Zhao","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341330","url":null,"abstract":"The current studies about the transformation of government-organized foundation ( GO -foundation) usually focus on “de-administration.” Basing on new institutionalism and resource dependence theory, the study adds substantive rationality to explain GO -foundation transformation in China, and chooses 4 typical cases in Lushan earthquake relief in 2013. The study finds that, the GO -foundation goes towards two different directions during transformation: one is resource-oriented marketization and the other is value-oriented socialization. Different from enterprises, the influencing factors of foundation transformation not only include the institution system and resources but also inherent philanthropic value.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"173-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47162672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341334
L. Backer
China’s new Charity Law represents the culmination of over a decade of planning for the appropriate development of the productive forces of the charity sector in aid of socialist modernization. Together with the related Foreign NGO Management Law, it represents an important advance in the organization of the civil society sector within emerging structures of Socialist Rule of Law principles. While both Charity and Foreign NGO Management Laws could profitably be considered as parts of a whole, each merits discussion for its own unique contribution ot national development. One can understand, both the need to manage Chinese civil society within the context of charity ideals, and the need to constrain foreign non-governmental organizations to ensure national control over its own development. Moreover, the decision to invite global comment also evidenced Chinese understanding of the global ramifications of its approach to the management of its civil society, and its importance in the global discourse about consensus standards for that management among states. This becomes more important as Chinese civil society try to emerge onto the world stage.This essay considers the role of the Charity Law in advancing Socialist Modernization through the realization of the Chinese Communist Party(CCP) Basic Line. The essay is organized as follows: Section II considers the specific provisions of the Charity Law, with some reference to changes between the first draft and the final version of the Charity Law. Section III then considers some of the more theoretical considerations that suggest a framework for understanding the great contribution of the Charity Law as well as the challenges that remain for the development of the productive forces of the civil society sector at this historical stage of China’s development.
{"title":"Commentary on the New Charity Undertakings Law: Socialist Modernization through Collective Organizations","authors":"L. Backer","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341334","url":null,"abstract":"China’s new Charity Law represents the culmination of over a decade of planning for the appropriate development of the productive forces of the charity sector in aid of socialist modernization. Together with the related Foreign NGO Management Law, it represents an important advance in the organization of the civil society sector within emerging structures of Socialist Rule of Law principles. While both Charity and Foreign NGO Management Laws could profitably be considered as parts of a whole, each merits discussion for its own unique contribution ot national development. One can understand, both the need to manage Chinese civil society within the context of charity ideals, and the need to constrain foreign non-governmental organizations to ensure national control over its own development. Moreover, the decision to invite global comment also evidenced Chinese understanding of the global ramifications of its approach to the management of its civil society, and its importance in the global discourse about consensus standards for that management among states. This becomes more important as Chinese civil society try to emerge onto the world stage.This essay considers the role of the Charity Law in advancing Socialist Modernization through the realization of the Chinese Communist Party(CCP) Basic Line. The essay is organized as follows: Section II considers the specific provisions of the Charity Law, with some reference to changes between the first draft and the final version of the Charity Law. Section III then considers some of the more theoretical considerations that suggest a framework for understanding the great contribution of the Charity Law as well as the challenges that remain for the development of the productive forces of the civil society sector at this historical stage of China’s development.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"273-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46000424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341336
J. Chen, Qing Lan
The state, the market, the family and social organizations play exchangeable and mutually complimentary roles in provision of social welfare to children. The Buddhist charities play an increasingly important role in offering social protection to the children in plight, from ensuring the basic livelihood for the children and meeting the children’s need for development to guaranteeing the children social security and encouraging and facilitating the children’s social engagement. Due to the constraints of charity systems, the stereotypical impression about religions and the defects in the internal governance structure of the Buddhist charities, such charities face a host of problems in joining in the endeavor to protect the children in plight, such as the failure to get registered in a timely and legal manner, their marginal existence leading to inadequate protection to the children in plight and the distortion of their organization culture. This article, based on a case study of Hongde Homeland offering aid to the orphans in poverty-stricken mountainous areas, explores the background and strategy for the Buddhist charities to protect the children in plight and makes policy proposals on the appropriate ways to offer the children in plight religious welfare as a part of social protection.
{"title":"The Background, Dilemma and Path for Buddhist Charities to Engage in Social Protection of the Children in Plight","authors":"J. Chen, Qing Lan","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341336","url":null,"abstract":"The state, the market, the family and social organizations play exchangeable and mutually complimentary roles in provision of social welfare to children. The Buddhist charities play an increasingly important role in offering social protection to the children in plight, from ensuring the basic livelihood for the children and meeting the children’s need for development to guaranteeing the children social security and encouraging and facilitating the children’s social engagement. Due to the constraints of charity systems, the stereotypical impression about religions and the defects in the internal governance structure of the Buddhist charities, such charities face a host of problems in joining in the endeavor to protect the children in plight, such as the failure to get registered in a timely and legal manner, their marginal existence leading to inadequate protection to the children in plight and the distortion of their organization culture. This article, based on a case study of Hongde Homeland offering aid to the orphans in poverty-stricken mountainous areas, explores the background and strategy for the Buddhist charities to protect the children in plight and makes policy proposals on the appropriate ways to offer the children in plight religious welfare as a part of social protection.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"337-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44953845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341335
Tingming Chen, Y. Weng
Amid the increasing diversification of social development, the services provided by the government hardly satisfy all sorts of needs. The establishment of non-profit organizations ( NPO s) timely addresses the government’s deficiency in handling public affairs. As a result, the NPO s almost turn into private enterprises and social enterprises aim to deliver public benefits, which has aroused disputes and doubts like “mission drift” and “for-profits in disguise.” This article adopts Suchman’s pragmatic, moral and cognitive legitimacy analysis to reexamine the work integration social enterprises (WISEs) which enable the disadvantaged or those with disabilities to join in the labor market after training, coaching and professional practice. Based on literature review and in-depth interview, this article makes a case study of CANYOU, an exemplary social enterprise set by persons with disabilities by leveraging advanced technologies.
{"title":"On Legitimacy of WISEs","authors":"Tingming Chen, Y. Weng","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341335","url":null,"abstract":"Amid the increasing diversification of social development, the services provided by the government hardly satisfy all sorts of needs. The establishment of non-profit organizations ( NPO s) timely addresses the government’s deficiency in handling public affairs. As a result, the NPO s almost turn into private enterprises and social enterprises aim to deliver public benefits, which has aroused disputes and doubts like “mission drift” and “for-profits in disguise.” This article adopts Suchman’s pragmatic, moral and cognitive legitimacy analysis to reexamine the work integration social enterprises (WISEs) which enable the disadvantaged or those with disabilities to join in the labor market after training, coaching and professional practice. Based on literature review and in-depth interview, this article makes a case study of CANYOU, an exemplary social enterprise set by persons with disabilities by leveraging advanced technologies.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"310-336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43966225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-21DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341321
Xijin Jia
The Law on the Management of Overseas NGOs’ Activities in Mainland China has come into effect on January 1, 2017. Ever since its second draft was unveiled to the public and then the final draft was adopted, Chinese and international civil society organizations have expressed their concerns and criticisms, far beyond the expectation of the Chinese government that intends to regulate illegal activities and protect legitimate rights with this law. This paper argues that the unexpected responses are provoked not only by the political purpose behind the adoption of this law – to safeguard national security – but also by the different interpretations of the law due to the differences in legal thinking. Beginning with an analysis of the law’s text, this paper continues to look at the regulatory framework and what has provoked the unexpected responses from the public, examines the differences in legal thinking – an underlying issue in this regard, and proposes that to ensure the effective enforcement of the law efforts should be made in three aspects, i.e. making clarification, establishing standard procedures, and protecting rights, to settle the idea differences between the legislature and the overseas civil society.
{"title":"Analysis on the Effect of China’s Overseas ngo Law under the Differences in Legal Thinking","authors":"Xijin Jia","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341321","url":null,"abstract":"The Law on the Management of Overseas NGOs’ Activities in Mainland China has come into effect on January 1, 2017. Ever since its second draft was unveiled to the public and then the final draft was adopted, Chinese and international civil society organizations have expressed their concerns and criticisms, far beyond the expectation of the Chinese government that intends to regulate illegal activities and protect legitimate rights with this law. This paper argues that the unexpected responses are provoked not only by the political purpose behind the adoption of this law – to safeguard national security – but also by the different interpretations of the law due to the differences in legal thinking. Beginning with an analysis of the law’s text, this paper continues to look at the regulatory framework and what has provoked the unexpected responses from the public, examines the differences in legal thinking – an underlying issue in this regard, and proposes that to ensure the effective enforcement of the law efforts should be made in three aspects, i.e. making clarification, establishing standard procedures, and protecting rights, to settle the idea differences between the legislature and the overseas civil society.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"23-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49007030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-21DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341327
H. Snape
{"title":"Philanthropication thru Privatization Comes to China: A Bright but Risky Idea for Serving the Common Good","authors":"H. Snape","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"155-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64417013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-20DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341320
Lianhui Zhao
There are still many theoretical and practical issues of urgency to be interpreted, following the enactment of the Charity Law. This article explores such issues as a charitable trust filing system, whether charitable trusts can carry out public fundraising, whether charitable organizations and natural persons can become trustees, and whether supervisors can be appointed at one’s discretion, and goes on to conclude that theorists and practitioners should, when understanding and applying charitable trust legislation, not be self-limited but make good use of such merits of the trust system as flexibility and convenience to promote the charity trust system and the cause of charity.
{"title":"Theory and Practice on the Charitable Trust System in a “Post-Charity Law Era”","authors":"Lianhui Zhao","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341320","url":null,"abstract":"There are still many theoretical and practical issues of urgency to be interpreted, following the enactment of the Charity Law. This article explores such issues as a charitable trust filing system, whether charitable trusts can carry out public fundraising, whether charitable organizations and natural persons can become trustees, and whether supervisors can be appointed at one’s discretion, and goes on to conclude that theorists and practitioners should, when understanding and applying charitable trust legislation, not be self-limited but make good use of such merits of the trust system as flexibility and convenience to promote the charity trust system and the cause of charity.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"5-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42971643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-20DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341323
Wan Chunting, Lan Yuxin
In the past 20-30 years, industrialization and informatization made the society more complicated and social conflicts more difficult to deal with; citizens and their demands diversified, and we are now in urgent need of a new public administration model that suits the changed political, economic, and social conditions. Governance thus emerged worldwide, promoting government reforms and public participation, and urging the government to delegate and empower, and quit the fields that they are not good at managing. Scholars discuss the reasons for the emergence of governance from the perspectives of managerialism, the rise of civil society, and administrative reforms. But these are not the only reasons for governance to rise to prominence. It emerged, in a way, in response to the “legitimation crisis” described by Jurgen Habermas. As society develops, citizens require more legitimacy from the government on the basis of what it already provides, and this may involve performance, participation, responsiveness, law-based administration, etc. We hereby analyze the legitimation crisis in a postmodern society and point out that the paradigm of social co-governance is a response to these legitimacy demands and that multiple parties integrate their demands using governance tools such as participation, consultation, empowerment, etc.
{"title":"Social Co-Governance","authors":"Wan Chunting, Lan Yuxin","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341323","url":null,"abstract":"In the past 20-30 years, industrialization and informatization made the society more complicated and social conflicts more difficult to deal with; citizens and their demands diversified, and we are now in urgent need of a new public administration model that suits the changed political, economic, and social conditions. Governance thus emerged worldwide, promoting government reforms and public participation, and urging the government to delegate and empower, and quit the fields that they are not good at managing. Scholars discuss the reasons for the emergence of governance from the perspectives of managerialism, the rise of civil society, and administrative reforms. But these are not the only reasons for governance to rise to prominence. It emerged, in a way, in response to the “legitimation crisis” described by Jurgen Habermas. As society develops, citizens require more legitimacy from the government on the basis of what it already provides, and this may involve performance, participation, responsiveness, law-based administration, etc. We hereby analyze the legitimation crisis in a postmodern society and point out that the paradigm of social co-governance is a response to these legitimacy demands and that multiple parties integrate their demands using governance tools such as participation, consultation, empowerment, etc.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"65-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47742823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-20DOI: 10.1163/18765149-12341322
Han Junkui
In recent decades, the development of Taiwan’s folk religions relative to local Western religions has been blooming and thriving, so have been the religious charity activities. From the perspective of the multiple contracts theory framework, in a period of division and redefinition between politics-religion and citizen-government relationships, the traditional ascetic Buddhism and Taoism contain more altruistic and universalism implications than Christian and Catholicism and they have reshaped in great proportions the landscape of folk religious beliefs in Taiwan and propelled the flourish of the religious modern charity.
{"title":"Taiwan’s Religious Matrix and Charity","authors":"Han Junkui","doi":"10.1163/18765149-12341322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341322","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the development of Taiwan’s folk religions relative to local Western religions has been blooming and thriving, so have been the religious charity activities. From the perspective of the multiple contracts theory framework, in a period of division and redefinition between politics-religion and citizen-government relationships, the traditional ascetic Buddhism and Taoism contain more altruistic and universalism implications than Christian and Catholicism and they have reshaped in great proportions the landscape of folk religious beliefs in Taiwan and propelled the flourish of the religious modern charity.","PeriodicalId":41661,"journal":{"name":"China Nonprofit Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"44-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18765149-12341322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41922788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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