This article presents the results of work related to the design, analysis, and manufacturing of the shaft for an electric go-kart. Works considered the stiffness of the shaft for various conditions affecting the vehicle while driving. In the previous stage of the project, the electric motor and gear transmission were selected. The main goal of this case study was to design the shaft for 10 kW electric go-kart. The rear driving axle of the go-kart is not equipped with a differential. The equal rotational speed of two rear wheels causes that occurs skidding and greater forces acting on the vehicle and driver when cornering. We were considering two types of the shaft – full and drilled. The first one provides greater stiffness, the second one is “softer”. The analysis allowed for the selection of a more appropriate shaft, and then for its manufacture and assembly in the vehicle.
{"title":"Shaft Design for Electric Go-kart","authors":"Krzysztof Mateja, Kamil Zenowicz","doi":"10.31648/ts.6821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.6821","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of work related to the design, analysis, and manufacturing of the shaft for an electric go-kart. Works considered the stiffness of the shaft for various conditions affecting the vehicle while driving. In the previous stage of the project, the electric motor and gear transmission were selected. The main goal of this case study was to design the shaft for 10 kW electric go-kart. The rear driving axle of the go-kart is not equipped with a differential. The equal rotational speed of two rear wheels causes that occurs skidding and greater forces acting on the vehicle and driver when cornering. We were considering two types of the shaft – full and drilled. The first one provides greater stiffness, the second one is “softer”. The analysis allowed for the selection of a more appropriate shaft, and then for its manufacture and assembly in the vehicle.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86525825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper present the results of work on measurement system dedicated to hardware used during wind tunnel tests, especially to servomechanisms. These devices could be applied to set specific position of control surface. Proposed system would ensure continuous monitoring of servo-rotor position and servo-motor temperature and would avoid uncontrolled change of control surface position. The application designed to monitor the operating status of the servomechanism was prepared in the LabVIEW software and was implemented on the myRIO platform. Developed test rig allow to register time histories of servo-rotor position and temperature during for different values of applied load. In the paper, test methodology were also presented. Experimental studies show that before wind tunnel tests, selected servomechanism should be tested in terms of maintaining the parameters declared by the manufacturer, especially during continuous operation. Developed measurement system can be used during wind tunnel tests, as well as only for servo-mechanism parameter testing.
{"title":"Test rig dedicated for hardware used in wind tunnels","authors":"Aleksandra Ordon, P. Kurnyta-Mazurek","doi":"10.31648/ts.7128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.7128","url":null,"abstract":"The paper present the results of work on measurement system dedicated to hardware used during wind tunnel tests, especially to servomechanisms. These devices could be applied to set specific position of control surface. Proposed system would ensure continuous monitoring of servo-rotor position and servo-motor temperature and would avoid uncontrolled change of control surface position.\u0000The application designed to monitor the operating status of the servomechanism was prepared in the LabVIEW software and was implemented on the myRIO platform. Developed test rig allow to register time histories of servo-rotor position and temperature during for different values of applied load. In the paper, test methodology were also presented.\u0000Experimental studies show that before wind tunnel tests, selected servomechanism should be tested in terms of maintaining the parameters declared by the manufacturer, especially during continuous operation. Developed measurement system can be used during wind tunnel tests, as well as only for servo-mechanism parameter testing.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89035160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to determine the effect of a randomly generated rough surface on the laminar flow of a fluid in a microchannel. Two-dimensional axially symmetric microchannels with a circular cross-section in the range of Reynolds number Re = 100-1700 were considered. Flow numerical simulations were performed using the Ansys / Fluent software.
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Flow Through Microchannels with Random Roughness","authors":"Malgorzata Kmiotek, A. Kordos, Tomasz Iwan","doi":"10.31648/ts.7239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.7239","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to determine the effect of a randomly generated rough surface on the laminar flow of a fluid in a microchannel. Two-dimensional axially symmetric microchannels with a circular cross-section in the range of Reynolds number Re = 100-1700 were considered. Flow numerical simulations were performed using the Ansys / Fluent software.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76441695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article describe a way to create generative model at the example of cargo bike model, which is very simple object which can be used to present all important rules applied during crating generative models. Great attention was paid to the issue of model parametrization which is elementary thing in all modelling. Besides these aspects, it is also shown how to transform parametric model into generative model using programming languages. In the last part of article was included tests of correct working of model which focused also to the right position cyclist on the bike and shows how model of cargo bike could change its sizes thanks to correctly created generative model.
{"title":"The advanced CAD model of a cargo bike","authors":"S. Rzydzik, Marcin Adamiec","doi":"10.31648/ts.7023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.7023","url":null,"abstract":"This article describe a way to create generative model at the example of cargo bike model, which is very simple object which can be used to present all important rules applied during crating generative models. Great attention was paid to the issue of model parametrization which is elementary thing in all modelling. Besides these aspects, it is also shown how to transform parametric model into generative model using programming languages. In the last part of article was included tests of correct working of model which focused also to the right position cyclist on the bike and shows how model of cargo bike could change its sizes thanks to correctly created generative model.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79246627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pseudo-random number generation techniques are an essential tool to correctly test machine learning processes. The methodologies are many, but also the possibilities to combine them in a new way are plenty. Thus, there is a chance to create mechanisms potentially useful in new and better generators. In this paper, we present a new pseudo-random number generator based on a hybrid of two existing generators - a linear congruential method and a delayed Fibonacci technique. We demonstrate the implementation of the generator by checking its correctness and properties using chi-square, Kolmogorov and TestU01.1.2.3 tests and we apply the Monte Carlo Cross Validation method in classification context to test the performance of the generator in practice.
{"title":"Pseudo-random number generator based on linear congruence and delayed Fibonacci method","authors":"Radoslaw Cybulski","doi":"10.31648/ts.7238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.7238","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudo-random number generation techniques are an essential tool to correctly test machine learning processes. The methodologies are many, but also the possibilities to combine them in a new way are plenty. Thus, there is a chance to create mechanisms potentially useful in new and better generators. In this paper, we present a new pseudo-random number generator based on a hybrid of two existing generators - a linear congruential method and a delayed Fibonacci technique. We demonstrate the implementation of the generator by checking its correctness and properties using chi-square, Kolmogorov and TestU01.1.2.3 tests and we apply the Monte Carlo Cross Validation method in classification context to test the performance of the generator in practice.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84817744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper proposes a modification of the 7.62 mm NATO rifle cartridge. The design and the results of a computer simulation were presented. The projectile’s flight behavior under different weather conditions was simulated. A figure diagram and a digital model of the projectile were presented. Ballistic calculations were performed, and an animation showing the projectile’s behavior under various weather conditions was developed. The results were patented.
{"title":"Sniper Rifle Cartridge","authors":"Z. Syroka","doi":"10.31648/ts.6946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.6946","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a modification of the 7.62 mm NATO rifle cartridge. The design and the results of a computer simulation were presented. The projectile’s flight behavior under different weather conditions was simulated. A figure diagram and a digital model of the projectile were presented. Ballistic calculations were performed, and an animation showing the projectile’s behavior under various weather conditions was developed. The results were patented.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78506574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a need to design new, lighter aircraft structures, which has a direct impact on the safety and costs of aircraft maintenance. One of basic parts of an aircraft is ites landing gear, whose main functions are to enable taxiing, safe landing, take-off, and to assist the remainder of ground operations. Landing gear failures are usually related to metallurgy, processing, environment, design, and causes of overload. These are conditions that can be prevented using modern methods to calculate the strength of such a landing gear in various conditions. The paper presents stages of a simulation study of the fixed three-wheeled spring landing gear for an ultralight aircraft. Analysis of forces acting on the landing gear during drop test and their implementation by numerical computer methods allowed for the creation of a model in the CAD (Computer-Aided Design) tool and its FEA (Finite Element Analysis). These results were compared between a modeled classic spring landing gear and the one made of composite materials. The further goal of the research will be to build a drop test stand for a small landing gear used in airplanes and drones. This method has a significant impact on simplifying the design of the landing gear, its modeling, and optimization.
{"title":"Simulation Study of a Composite Landig Gear of Ultralight and Very Light Aircraft","authors":"Paulina Zenowicz","doi":"10.31648/ts.7009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.7009","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need to design new, lighter aircraft structures, which has a direct impact on the safety and costs of aircraft maintenance. One of basic parts of an aircraft is ites landing gear, whose main functions are to enable taxiing, safe landing, take-off, and to assist the remainder of ground operations. Landing gear failures are usually related to metallurgy, processing, environment, design, and causes of overload. These are conditions that can be prevented using modern methods to calculate the strength of such a landing gear in various conditions. The paper presents stages of a simulation study of the fixed three-wheeled spring landing gear for an ultralight aircraft. Analysis of forces acting on the landing gear during drop test and their implementation by numerical computer methods allowed for the creation of a model in the CAD (Computer-Aided Design) tool and its FEA (Finite Element Analysis). These results were compared between a modeled classic spring landing gear and the one made of composite materials. The further goal of the research will be to build a drop test stand for a small landing gear used in airplanes and drones. This method has a significant impact on simplifying the design of the landing gear, its modeling, and optimization.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91339636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article presents the simulation model and the study of the basic mechanisms of the GSh-23 aviation autocannon. The research made use of Solid Edge ST9 software and the multibody systems method implemented in it. Simulation of functioning cannon mechanisms was carried out for two variants of forcing a piston mechanism movement by the gunpowder gases. The results obtained are time courses of a bolt and a cartridge belt drive mechanism elements movement. Assumed variants of a piston mechanism movement and elaborated simulation model will be verified in the next (planned) stage of studies basing on the results of the measurements of the experimental kinematic parameters utilising high-speed camera (Phantom) and TEMA software.
{"title":"Modelling and simulation of functioning of the GSh-23 aviation autocannon mechanisms","authors":"M. Jasztal","doi":"10.31648/ts.7076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.7076","url":null,"abstract":"Article presents the simulation model and the study of the basic mechanisms of the GSh-23 aviation autocannon. The research made use of Solid Edge ST9 software and the multibody systems method implemented in it. Simulation of functioning cannon mechanisms was carried out for two variants of forcing a piston mechanism movement by the gunpowder gases. The results obtained are time courses of a bolt and a cartridge belt drive mechanism elements movement. Assumed variants of a piston mechanism movement and elaborated simulation model will be verified in the next (planned) stage of studies basing on the results of the measurements of the experimental kinematic parameters utilising high-speed camera (Phantom) and TEMA software.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86342897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparative tests of gas detonation (GDS) coatings were carried out in order to investigate the influence of spraying parameters on abrasive wear under dry friction conditions. The tests were carried out using the pin-on-disc (PoD) method at room temperature. The microstructure of the coatings was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM / EDS) methods. The results showed that with specific GDS process parameters, the main phases in both coatings were FeAl and Fe3Al involving thin oxide films Al2O3. The tribological tests proved that the coatings sprayed with the shorter barrel of the GDS gun showed higher wear resistance. The coefficient of friction was slightly lower in the case of coatings sprayed with the longer barrel of the GDS gun. During dry friction, oxide layers form on the surface, which act as a solid lubricant. The load applied to the samples during the tests causes shear stresses, thus increasing the wear of the coatings. During friction, the surface of the coatings is subjected to alternating tensile and compressive stresses, which lead to delamination and is the main wear mechanism of the coatings.
{"title":"Tribological wear of Fe-Al coatings applied by gas detonation spraying","authors":"T. Chrostek","doi":"10.31648/ts.7129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.7129","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative tests of gas detonation (GDS) coatings were carried out in order to investigate the influence of spraying parameters on abrasive wear under dry friction conditions. The tests were carried out using the pin-on-disc (PoD) method at room temperature. The microstructure of the coatings was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM / EDS) methods. The results showed that with specific GDS process parameters, the main phases in both coatings were FeAl and Fe3Al involving thin oxide films Al2O3. The tribological tests proved that the coatings sprayed with the shorter barrel of the GDS gun showed higher wear resistance. The coefficient of friction was slightly lower in the case of coatings sprayed with the longer barrel of the GDS gun. During dry friction, oxide layers form on the surface, which act as a solid lubricant. The load applied to the samples during the tests causes shear stresses, thus increasing the wear of the coatings. During friction, the surface of the coatings is subjected to alternating tensile and compressive stresses, which lead to delamination and is the main wear mechanism of the coatings.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87457909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.7251/afts.2021.1325.043f
Abbas Firouzi Karamjavan, H. Hashempour
In many projects, piles are designed and installed as the ultimate solution in foundation construction, load transition to the resistant subsurface layers, providing lateral resistance, and overcoming the poor performance of surface soils. Pile design should be done with respect to structural consideration, the load-carrying capacity of the surface and surrounding soil, settlement, and constructional, technical and environmental problems. Pile group is a particular type of deep foundations which is mostly and widely utilized in coastal and offshore structures, and sustains vertical and lateral loads. Noting the lateral load exerted on the structure, the effect of loading on the behavior of pile should be analyzed using an appropriate method. In this article, a 4x4 pile group with piles of 100 cm diameter and 10, 15-m in length with center-to-center spacing of 3 times the diameter are modeled using the Plaxis 3D Foundation, which uses the finite element method, and the Mohr-Coulomb model, and the behavior of the piles driven in sand and subjected to loading is studied. Taking the results, the mechanism of the pile group behavior under vertical, lateral, adjacent structures loads and bending moment is calculated, and displacement in the x-direction, y-direction, and along the length, bending moment, and bearing capacity along the length of the pile have been obtained for each pile.
在许多工程中，设计和安装桩作为基础施工的最终解决方案，将荷载转移到具有抗性的次表层，提供横向阻力，并克服表层土壤的不良性能。桩的设计应考虑结构、表面及周围土体的承载能力、沉降以及施工、技术和环境问题。群桩是一种特殊类型的深基础，在沿海和近海结构中应用最多，承受竖向和侧向荷载。考虑到施加在结构上的侧向荷载，应采用适当的方法分析荷载对桩性能的影响。本文采用Plaxis 3D Foundation有限元模型和Mohr-Coulomb模型，对直径为100 cm、桩长为10.15 m、桩间距为直径3倍的4 × 4桩群进行了建模，研究了桩在砂土中打入荷载作用下的受力特性。据此计算了群桩在竖向、横向、相邻结构荷载和弯矩作用下的行为机理，得到了每根桩在x向、y向、长度方向上的位移、弯矩和长度方向上的承载力。
{"title":"THE MECHANISM OF THE EFFECTS OF INCREASING THE LENGTH OF THE PILES UNDER LATERAL LOADS IN SAND","authors":"Abbas Firouzi Karamjavan, H. Hashempour","doi":"10.7251/afts.2021.1325.043f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/afts.2021.1325.043f","url":null,"abstract":"In many projects, piles are designed and installed as the ultimate solution in foundation construction, load transition to the resistant subsurface layers, providing lateral resistance, and overcoming the poor performance of surface soils. Pile design should be done with respect to structural consideration, the load-carrying capacity of the surface and surrounding soil, settlement, and constructional, technical and environmental problems. Pile group is a particular type of deep foundations which is mostly and widely utilized in coastal and offshore structures, and sustains vertical and lateral loads. Noting the lateral load exerted on the structure, the effect of loading on the behavior of pile should be analyzed using an appropriate method. In this article, a 4x4 pile group with piles of 100 cm diameter and 10, 15-m in length with center-to-center spacing of 3 times the diameter are modeled using the Plaxis 3D Foundation, which uses the finite element method, and the Mohr-Coulomb model, and the behavior of the piles driven in sand and subjected to loading is studied. Taking the results, the mechanism of the pile group behavior under vertical, lateral, adjacent structures loads and bending moment is calculated, and displacement in the x-direction, y-direction, and along the length, bending moment, and bearing capacity along the length of the pile have been obtained for each pile.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45757704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：