Abstract: The aim of these research is to investigate the air content on aging of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) preforms. Three air pressures were selected and in each pressure 5 samples were aged during 21 days in 80oC. Three samples were selected to cut and measure their density with the use of hydrostatic method. Sample mass, Young modulus and surface roughness were measured for each sample before and after aging and differences between those parameters were presented as results. The changes of parameters may lead to a conclusion that mechanism of polymeric chain oxidation is dominant during thermal aging of PET. However the aging is not the fastest in atmospheric pressure but in lower air contents. This effect may be caused by greater evaporation of small molecule degradation products and shifting of reaction equilibrium in the direction of further decomposition.
{"title":"Influence of air content on thermal degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate)","authors":"W. Rejmer","doi":"10.31648/ts.7069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.7069","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The aim of these research is to investigate the air content on aging of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) preforms. Three air pressures were selected and in each pressure 5 samples were aged during 21 days in 80oC. Three samples were selected to cut and measure their density with the use of hydrostatic method. Sample mass, Young modulus and surface roughness were measured for each sample before and after aging and differences between those parameters were presented as results. The changes of parameters may lead to a conclusion that mechanism of polymeric chain oxidation is dominant during thermal aging of PET. However the aging is not the fastest in atmospheric pressure but in lower air contents. This effect may be caused by greater evaporation of small molecule degradation products and shifting of reaction equilibrium in the direction of further decomposition.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73907771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of metallographic research studies carried out for stock materials as well as the samples collected from the balls formed in the rolling process in a skew rolling mill. The stock material was bearing steel 100Cr6 and the steel from rail scrap. The rolling process was carried out in parallel for the two assumptions: the conventional method (hereinafter referred to as conventional rolling) and the modified method (hereinafter referred to as modified rolling). After the rolling process, three cooling media were used: air, water and oil. The pictures below, which depict microstructures, were taken using the bright-field and the dark-field microscopy technique, the samples were etched with a 4% solution of picral.
{"title":"Study of the process of rolling steel balls in skew rolling mill – metallographic analysis","authors":"Piotr Chyła","doi":"10.31648/ts.6814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.6814","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of metallographic research studies carried out for stock materials as well as the samples collected from the balls formed in the rolling process in a skew rolling mill. The stock material was bearing steel 100Cr6 and the steel from rail scrap. The rolling process was carried out in parallel for the two assumptions: the conventional method (hereinafter referred to as conventional rolling) and the modified method (hereinafter referred to as modified rolling). After the rolling process, three cooling media were used: air, water and oil. The pictures below, which depict microstructures, were taken using the bright-field and the dark-field microscopy technique, the samples were etched with a 4% solution of picral.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":"357 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86495762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a methodology for modifying a tooth for the ability to transmit torque in one direction only. It presents two methods (analytical and numerical) of tooth mass reduction while maintaining functional features of the whole transmission. The results of the above mentioned methodology are presented on the example of a mass-produced transmission.
{"title":"Modification of the Tooth Geometry of a Polymer GEAR with a Straight Tooth Line to Adjust the Torque Transmission Capability in One Direction Only","authors":"Piotr Strojny","doi":"10.31648/ts.6914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.6914","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a methodology for modifying a tooth for the ability to transmit torque in one direction only. It presents two methods (analytical and numerical) of tooth mass reduction while maintaining functional features of the whole transmission. The results of the above mentioned methodology are presented on the example of a mass-produced transmission.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90594281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the results of work related to design, analysis and selection of the electric motors, servos and elements of motion system for 3D printed snakebot. Electric motors and servos had to meet a number of requirements like dimensions, torque, RPM. The drivetrain allowed to drive the snakebot and rotate system allowed to torsional movement between adjacent robot modules. CAD model and analysis allowed to select the proper elements of drivetrain and rotate system. We built test stands and after verification we built the prototype. Next step after building the robot was to carry out tests to verify the mobility of the snake robot. We checked, among others, movement of servos in different planes, snakebot speed, driving at angle (up and down).
{"title":"Design of a motion system for 3D printed snakebot","authors":"Krzysztof Mateja, W. Panfil","doi":"10.31648/ts.6820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.6820","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of work related to design, analysis and selection of the electric motors, servos and elements of motion system for 3D printed snakebot. Electric motors and servos had to meet a number of requirements like dimensions, torque, RPM. The drivetrain allowed to drive the snakebot and rotate system allowed to torsional movement between adjacent robot modules. CAD model and analysis allowed to select the proper elements of drivetrain and rotate system. We built test stands and after verification we built the prototype. Next step after building the robot was to carry out tests to verify the mobility of the snake robot. We checked, among others, movement of servos in different planes, snakebot speed, driving at angle (up and down).","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75184320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyzes the influence of layer height on the tensile strength of PLA specimens printed in the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The maximum breaking force of specimens with 30% and 100% infill density was determined at layer height of 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm. In the case of 30% infill, the highest value of the force was obtained for a layer with a height of 0.05 mm (which corresponds to 22.7 MPa), and for a 100% infill for a layer of 0.2 (which corresponds to 40 MPa). Over this layer height of 0.2 mm is the most polyoptimal due to the time prints and strength (which corresponds to 19.7 MPa).
{"title":"The influence of layer height on the tensile strength of specimens printed in the FDM technology","authors":"Ł. Miazio","doi":"10.31648/ts.6297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.6297","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the influence of layer height on the tensile strength of PLA specimens printed in the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The maximum breaking force of specimens with 30% and 100% infill density was determined at layer height of 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm. In the case of 30% infill, the highest value of the force was obtained for a layer with a height of 0.05 mm (which corresponds to 22.7 MPa), and for a 100% infill for a layer of 0.2 (which corresponds to 40 MPa). Over this layer height of 0.2 mm is the most polyoptimal due to the time prints and strength (which corresponds to 19.7 MPa).","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81945977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this project, a system was designed for charging batteries in electric vehicles using photovoltaic panels. Low cost of operation, cheap construction and simple user interface were among the main criteria taken into account. Each energy source was carefully selected and modules were used so that they could power the microcontroller and charge the energy storage source. The solution was patented [1]. This article is a part of a project related to the design of digital control devices with electric drives carried out at the UWM. The control system solutions developed at UWM have been published in the book {15}.
{"title":"Battery supercharging system in electrical vehicles using photovoltaic panels","authors":"Z. Syroka","doi":"10.31648/TS.6210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/TS.6210","url":null,"abstract":"In this project, a system was designed for charging batteries in electric vehicles using photovoltaic panels. Low cost of operation, cheap construction and simple user interface were among the main criteria taken into account. \u0000Each energy source was carefully selected and modules were used so that they could power the microcontroller and charge the energy storage source. The solution was patented [1]. \u0000This article is a part of a project related to the design of digital control devices with electric drives carried out at the UWM. The control system solutions developed at UWM have been published in the book {15}. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75722042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new optimization method presented in this work – the Least m-Order Central Moments method, is a generalization of the Least Squares method. It allows fitting a geometric object into a set of points in such a way that the maximum shift between the object and the points after fitting is smaller than in the Least Squares method. This property can be very useful in some engineering tasks, e.g. in the realignment of a railway track or gantry rails. The theoretical properties of the proposed optimization method are analyzed. The computational problems are discussed. The appropriate computational techniques are proposed to overcome these problems. The detailed computational algorithm and formulas of iterative processes have been derived. The numerical tests are presented, in order to illustrate the operation of proposed techniques. The results have been analyzed, and the conclusions were then formulated.
{"title":"Optimization method based on minimization m-Order central moments used in surveying engineering problems","authors":"S. Cellmer","doi":"10.31648/TS.6555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/TS.6555","url":null,"abstract":"A new optimization method presented in this work – the Least m-Order Central Moments method, is a generalization of the Least Squares method. It allows fitting a geometric object into a set of points in such a way that the maximum shift between the object and the points after fitting is smaller than in the Least Squares method. This property can be very useful in some engineering tasks, e.g. in the realignment of a railway track or gantry rails. The theoretical properties of the proposed optimization method are analyzed. The computational problems are discussed. The appropriate computational techniques are proposed to overcome these problems. The detailed computational algorithm and formulas of iterative processes have been derived. The numerical tests are presented, in order to illustrate the operation of proposed techniques. The results have been analyzed, and the conclusions were then formulated.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84563670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article is to analyze and examine the data on the possibility of introducing Smart Parking system in the city of Pila. In the presented work notions of intelligent parking systems and basic information on transport infrastructure are explained. Based on the survey and analysis of the city of Pila, parking lots where Smart Parking systems were proposed were selected. The results of the study after analysis and summarizing the observations in the form of conclusions are presented in the table and in the form of graphs. Piła is a city where it is reasonable to introduce Smart Parking systems.
{"title":"Analysis of the possibility of introducing intelligent parking lots (Smart Parking) in the city of Piła - (The case of study from Poland)","authors":"Piotr Gorzelanczyk","doi":"10.31648/TS.6371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/TS.6371","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to analyze and examine the data on the possibility of introducing Smart Parking system in the city of Pila. In the presented work notions of intelligent parking systems and basic information on transport infrastructure are explained. Based on the survey and analysis of the city of Pila, parking lots where Smart Parking systems were proposed were selected. The results of the study after analysis and summarizing the observations in the form of conclusions are presented in the table and in the form of graphs. Piła is a city where it is reasonable to introduce Smart Parking systems.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78750682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of an electric vibrator created on the basis of a linear motor with permanent magnets is considered, and the calculation of the magnetic field and the electromagnetic force acting on the motor armature is performed by the finite element method. The results of experimental studies confirming the reliability of the obtained calculated data are presented]. The purpose of this work is to study the distribution of the magnetic field and the electro-magnetic forces in a coaxial-linear permanent magnet electric motor (PM), which is the basis for the creation of avibration installationKeywords: vibration, magnets, magnetic induction, stator winding, electric vibrator
{"title":"MAIN CHARACTERISTICS ELECTRIC VIBRATORS BASED ON A LINEAR MOTOR WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS","authors":"Kamoliddin Oqyolov, Nurzod Abduqodirov, Gulnoza Jalilova, Nuriddin Abduxakimov","doi":"10.26739/2181-9696-2021-3-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26739/2181-9696-2021-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"The design of an electric vibrator created on the basis of a linear motor with permanent magnets is considered, and the calculation of the magnetic field and the electromagnetic force acting on the motor armature is performed by the finite element method. The results of experimental studies confirming the reliability of the obtained calculated data are presented]. The purpose of this work is to study the distribution of the magnetic field and the electro-magnetic forces in a coaxial-linear permanent magnet electric motor (PM), which is the basis for the creation of avibration installationKeywords: vibration, magnets, magnetic induction, stator winding, electric vibrator","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78567738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.26739/2181-9696-2021-3-4
И.Р. Шамсиев, А.П. Парпиев, Х.С. Усманов
In the technology of primary processing of cotton, there is a process of drying raw cotton. When this process is carried out, a mixture of a drying agent (hot air) with dust and light small trash impuritiesis formed in the drying drum. The task of these theoretical studies is to substantiate the variant of suction and purification of the air flow with trash impurities formed in the process of drying raw cotton, with the receipt of the main parametric characteristics and their boundary indicators.Key words: raw cotton, drying, drying drum, trash, dust, cleaning, fluid movement.
{"title":"RESEARCH OF AERODYNAMIC MODES OF THE CLEANING SECTION OF THE DRYER DRUM","authors":"И.Р. Шамсиев, А.П. Парпиев, Х.С. Усманов","doi":"10.26739/2181-9696-2021-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26739/2181-9696-2021-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"In the technology of primary processing of cotton, there is a process of drying raw cotton. When this process is carried out, a mixture of a drying agent (hot air) with dust and light small trash impuritiesis formed in the drying drum. The task of these theoretical studies is to substantiate the variant of suction and purification of the air flow with trash impurities formed in the process of drying raw cotton, with the receipt of the main parametric characteristics and their boundary indicators.Key words: raw cotton, drying, drying drum, trash, dust, cleaning, fluid movement.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87990004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：