Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.7251/afts.2021.1325.017m
V. Malbašić
The mineral resources of the Republic of Srpska enable the exploitation and processing of mineral raw materials in the metal, metal processing, construction, chemical industry, cement industry, ceramics and construction materials, etc. The largest part (over 90% in terms of value) are reproductive materials for processing in other industries and a smaller part are products that go directly to the market. In the conditions of increasing and faster technological development and with the tendency of increasing exploitation of natural resources in the world with changes of previous life conceptions, there was a need to analyze the sustainability of the mineral resources and natural resources use for further development of the Republic. The importance of a clearly defined Strategy for Management and Utilization of Mineral Resources and Raw Materials in the Globalization and Advanced Technologies Era is shown in the paper, which would enable planning and defining the goals of the use of mineral resources, clearer identification of the potential mineral resources, and basic starting data for creating the activities in order to more rational and economically efficient management of the natural resources in the Republic of Srpska. At the global level, it has become clear that geology is a very important geopolitical factor in the 21st century. Тhe importance of disposition аnd knowing where, how many and what types of mineral resources we have, can be achieved through to the several strategic activities. The development of the Strategy for the Management and Utilization of Mineral Resources of the Republic of Srpska, the "central interactive" database of mineral resources and the establishment of the Agency or the Directorate for Mineral Resources, are some of the proposals for these strategic activities.
{"title":"THE STRATEGY OF MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA THROUGH THE GLOBALIZATION ERA","authors":"V. Malbašić","doi":"10.7251/afts.2021.1325.017m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/afts.2021.1325.017m","url":null,"abstract":"The mineral resources of the Republic of Srpska enable the exploitation and processing of mineral raw materials in the metal, metal processing, construction, chemical industry, cement industry, ceramics and construction materials, etc. The largest part (over 90% in terms of value) are reproductive materials for processing in other industries and a smaller part are products that go directly to the market. In the conditions of increasing and faster technological development and with the tendency of increasing exploitation of natural resources in the world with changes of previous life conceptions, there was a need to analyze the sustainability of the mineral resources and natural resources use for further development of the Republic. The importance of a clearly defined Strategy for Management and Utilization of Mineral Resources and Raw Materials in the Globalization and Advanced Technologies Era is shown in the paper, which would enable planning and defining the goals of the use of mineral resources, clearer identification of the potential mineral resources, and basic starting data for creating the activities in order to more rational and economically efficient management of the natural resources in the Republic of Srpska. At the global level, it has become clear that geology is a very important geopolitical factor in the 21st century. Тhe importance of disposition аnd knowing where, how many and what types of mineral resources we have, can be achieved through to the several strategic activities. The development of the Strategy for the Management and Utilization of Mineral Resources of the Republic of Srpska, the \"central interactive\" database of mineral resources and the establishment of the Agency or the Directorate for Mineral Resources, are some of the proposals for these strategic activities.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46807331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.7251/afts.2021.1325.029k
S. Kostić, Nikolić Nebojša, V. Malbašić
In the present paper, the authors develop a methodology for stability monitoring of the hydrotechnicaldefensive embankment that is exposed to heavy frequent traffic. The proposed methodology envisages several phases of observation, work and monitoring: (1) macroscopic observations, (2) geophysicalgeoelectric tests, (3) group of exploration works, (4) model formation, (5) establishment of a monitoring system, (6) acquisition data processing and modeling. Four of the six proposed phases are illustrated by the example of the left-bank Danube embankment used by the Kovin coal mine for the needs of coal truck haulage. The results of the performed research indicate that there are no deformations that endanger the defensive function of the embankment. In order to ensure safe coal truck haulage and preserve the function of the embankment, it is proposed to establish a system for geophysical, hydrogeological and geotechnical monitoring, to form a model for simulating the behavior of the embankment for different hydrometeorological conditions (consequently, for different consistency states and material compaction), and for different load conditions.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR STABILITY MONITORING OF A DEFENSE EMBANKMENT LOADED WITH FREQUENT TRAFFIC: THE EXAMPLE OF THE KOVIN MINE","authors":"S. Kostić, Nikolić Nebojša, V. Malbašić","doi":"10.7251/afts.2021.1325.029k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/afts.2021.1325.029k","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, the authors develop a methodology for stability monitoring of the hydrotechnicaldefensive embankment that is exposed to heavy frequent traffic. The proposed methodology envisages several phases of observation, work and monitoring: (1) macroscopic observations, (2) geophysicalgeoelectric tests, (3) group of exploration works, (4) model formation, (5) establishment of a monitoring system, (6) acquisition data processing and modeling. Four of the six proposed phases are illustrated by the example of the left-bank Danube embankment used by the Kovin coal mine for the needs of coal truck haulage. The results of the performed research indicate that there are no deformations that endanger the defensive function of the embankment. In order to ensure safe coal truck haulage and preserve the function of the embankment, it is proposed to establish a system for geophysical, hydrogeological and geotechnical monitoring, to form a model for simulating the behavior of the embankment for different hydrometeorological conditions (consequently, for different consistency states and material compaction), and for different load conditions.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46898720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.7251/afts.2021.1325.009c
Aida Hrustić, Jasenko Čomić
Natural disasters during May 2014 caused a flood of water outside the unregulated bed of the river Tinja in the local area of Gornji Hrgovi. The flood effect affected the undermining and destruction of the foot part of the slope, reactivation and regressive development of the landslide, which was manifested by further secondary "breaking" of the sliding body towards the hypsometrically top part of the slope and intersection of the primary water pipeline. Gravitational displacement of the colluvial material resulted in significant degradation of the agricultural land surface in the central part of the unstable slope, while in the accumulation zone the accumulated slide mass destroyed the earth road communication. Based on the conducted geotechnical researches, determined engineering-geological and hydrogeological composition and properties of the terrain, the zoning of the terrain according to the degree of stability was performed, important recommendations and conditions of the landslide remediation method were presented.
{"title":"ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDSLIDE IN GORNJI HRGOVI, MUNICIPALITY OF SREBRENIK","authors":"Aida Hrustić, Jasenko Čomić","doi":"10.7251/afts.2021.1325.009c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/afts.2021.1325.009c","url":null,"abstract":"Natural disasters during May 2014 caused a flood of water outside the unregulated bed of the river Tinja in the local area of Gornji Hrgovi. The flood effect affected the undermining and destruction of the foot part of the slope, reactivation and regressive development of the landslide, which was manifested by further secondary \"breaking\" of the sliding body towards the hypsometrically top part of the slope and intersection of the primary water pipeline. Gravitational displacement of the colluvial material resulted in significant degradation of the agricultural land surface in the central part of the unstable slope, while in the accumulation zone the accumulated slide mass destroyed the earth road communication. Based on the conducted geotechnical researches, determined engineering-geological and hydrogeological composition and properties of the terrain, the zoning of the terrain according to the degree of stability was performed, important recommendations and conditions of the landslide remediation method were presented.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46997386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.7251/afts.2021.1325.001f
Dževad Forčaković, R. Dervišević
The paper presents results of detailed geological research of quartzite in the wider area of Smrčevice, southeastern of Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje. Based on the defined boundaries of surface distribution and research results, geological reserves of about 12 million tons have been determined in the wider area of Smrcevica. The quartzite reserves that have been so far determined in this area are at a low level of geological research. The paper contains an overview of the geological characteristics of the area, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of quartzite, and the mineral raw material potential of quartzite in the Smrčevice area according to the PERC standard. The results of the conducted research indicate that the general geological and technical-exploitation factors are relatively favorable and indicate a possible profitable exploitation of the deposit. Taking into account the significant raw material potential, and the possibility of expanding the existing raw material base, this area has special importance for the perspective development of quartzite exploitation and its use in the production of ferrosilicon and silico-metals.
{"title":"PALEOZOIC QUARTZITE OF THE SMRČEVICE IN THE CENTRAL BOSNIA","authors":"Dževad Forčaković, R. Dervišević","doi":"10.7251/afts.2021.1325.001f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/afts.2021.1325.001f","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents results of detailed geological research of quartzite in the wider area of Smrčevice, southeastern of Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje. Based on the defined boundaries of surface distribution and research results, geological reserves of about 12 million tons have been determined in the wider area of Smrcevica. The quartzite reserves that have been so far determined in this area are at a low level of geological research. The paper contains an overview of the geological characteristics of the area, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of quartzite, and the mineral raw material potential of quartzite in the Smrčevice area according to the PERC standard. The results of the conducted research indicate that the general geological and technical-exploitation factors are relatively favorable and indicate a possible profitable exploitation of the deposit. Taking into account the significant raw material potential, and the possibility of expanding the existing raw material base, this area has special importance for the perspective development of quartzite exploitation and its use in the production of ferrosilicon and silico-metals.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44674223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.7251/afts.2021.1324.071g
Olga Victorovna Gladkova, Evgeny Aleksandrovich Gladkov
Deicing reagents have an impact on the environment. The composition of the deicing reagents used in Moscow has undergone certain changes. However, the main components of deicing reagents were chlorides, including calcium chloride and (or) sodium chloride. We also conducted research on the effects of sodium chloride and calcium chloride on some urban decorative plants. Soil salinization is a negative environmental impact in urban ecosystems. Deicing reagents affect both plants and the environment in general.
{"title":"DEICING REAGENTS IN URBAN ECOSYSTEMS, USING THE EXAMPLE OF MOSCOW","authors":"Olga Victorovna Gladkova, Evgeny Aleksandrovich Gladkov","doi":"10.7251/afts.2021.1324.071g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/afts.2021.1324.071g","url":null,"abstract":"Deicing reagents have an impact on the environment. The composition of the deicing reagents used in Moscow has undergone certain changes. However, the main components of deicing reagents were chlorides, including calcium chloride and (or) sodium chloride. We also conducted research on the effects of sodium chloride and calcium chloride on some urban decorative plants. Soil salinization is a negative environmental impact in urban ecosystems. Deicing reagents affect both plants and the environment in general.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43052134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.7251/afts.2021.1325.065d
D. Đurić
Knowledge of the thermal comfort of an area is of increasing importance when planning space, tourism, recreation and the health of the population that lives or is currently located there. Due to the great anthropogenic changes of nature, the temperature is rising, which is expressed especially in urban environments. The impact of temperature rise is best seen in Europe by monitoring summer meteorological parameters. The research was done by analyzing meteorological parameters of the city of Bijeljina, which is a thermal island in the area of Semberija in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Meteorological parameters during the summer months are unfavorable and affect thermal comfort, which often reflects through the health of the population. For this research were observed and calculated values of bioclimatic index UTCI or Universal thermal climate index, for the month August of 2017 which was one of the hottest months in the 21th century.
{"title":"THERMAL COMFORT DEFINED BY UTCI FOR THE MONTH AUGUST OF 2017 IN THE CITY OF BIJELJINA","authors":"D. Đurić","doi":"10.7251/afts.2021.1325.065d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/afts.2021.1325.065d","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the thermal comfort of an area is of increasing importance when planning space, tourism, recreation and the health of the population that lives or is currently located there. Due to the great anthropogenic changes of nature, the temperature is rising, which is expressed especially in urban environments. The impact of temperature rise is best seen in Europe by monitoring summer meteorological parameters. The research was done by analyzing meteorological parameters of the city of Bijeljina, which is a thermal island in the area of Semberija in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Meteorological parameters during the summer months are unfavorable and affect thermal comfort, which often reflects through the health of the population. For this research were observed and calculated values of bioclimatic index UTCI or Universal thermal climate index, for the month August of 2017 which was one of the hottest months in the 21th century.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48040716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents issues related to assessing the degree of wall salinity to select plaster systems for renovations of damp building walls. The most commonly used salt concentration tests pose many difficulties. If used uncritically, they risk failing to select the right system or its incorrect make. The accuracy of the colorimetric method for testing chloride, nitrate, and sulphate content was analysed to exemplify the magnitude of the problem. Both multi-salt solutions of known concentrations and unknown composition extracted from drillings in the walls of a historical facility were examined. A comparative methodology using ion chromatography as a standard was employed in the research. The analytical methods and the selected modules of the „Statistica” software were used to analyse data and present the results. The colorimetric method has been shown to distort salt concentration values, posing a risk of unsuccessful repair work on high-salinity walls. A method for determining the correction reducing the measurement error has been proposed. The factors affecting the error were also mentioned. Attention has also been drawn to the resolution and application of a method with a correct concentration range intended to improve work efficiency and optimize the costs incurred in renovating the salty wall.
{"title":"Assessment of Wall Salinity in the Selection of Renovation Plaster Systems","authors":"A. Panuś","doi":"10.31648/ts.7092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.7092","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents issues related to assessing the degree of wall salinity to select plaster systems for renovations of damp building walls. The most commonly used salt concentration tests pose many difficulties. If used uncritically, they risk failing to select the right system or its incorrect make. The accuracy of the colorimetric method for testing chloride, nitrate, and sulphate content was analysed to exemplify the magnitude of the problem. Both multi-salt solutions of known concentrations and unknown composition extracted from drillings in the walls of a historical facility were examined. A comparative methodology using ion chromatography as a standard was employed in the research. The analytical methods and the selected modules of the „Statistica” software were used to analyse data and present the results. The colorimetric method has been shown to distort salt concentration values, posing a risk of unsuccessful repair work on high-salinity walls. A method for determining the correction reducing the measurement error has been proposed. The factors affecting the error were also mentioned. Attention has also been drawn to the resolution and application of a method with a correct concentration range intended to improve work efficiency and optimize the costs incurred in renovating the salty wall.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89680196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ładyżyńska-Kozdraś, B. Kozłowska, Danyil Potoka
The presented study contains a sample of utilization of the control laws treated as kinematic relations of parameter deviations and realized in the process of ordered automatic control of a manipulating machine. Movement of the grasping end is considered in an inertial reference standard rigidly joined with an immobile working environment of the manipulator. The specificity of the control's choice required creating program relations constituting the ordered parameters describing the movement of the manipulator's elements. During work, the ordered parameters are compared to the parameters realized in the process of the grasping end's work. This was deviations are determined, which thanks to properly prepared control laws are leveled by the manipulator's control executive system.
{"title":"The use of the theory of nonholonomic constraints in the process of automatic control of a manipulating machine","authors":"E. Ładyżyńska-Kozdraś, B. Kozłowska, Danyil Potoka","doi":"10.31648/ts.7017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.7017","url":null,"abstract":"The presented study contains a sample of utilization of the control laws treated as kinematic relations of parameter deviations and realized in the process of ordered automatic control of a manipulating machine. Movement of the grasping end is considered in an inertial reference standard rigidly joined with an immobile working environment of the manipulator. The specificity of the control's choice required creating program relations constituting the ordered parameters describing the movement of the manipulator's elements. During work, the ordered parameters are compared to the parameters realized in the process of the grasping end's work. This was deviations are determined, which thanks to properly prepared control laws are leveled by the manipulator's control executive system.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80631608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The aim of these research is to investigate the air content on aging of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) preforms. Three air pressures were selected and in each pressure 5 samples were aged during 21 days in 80oC. Three samples were selected to cut and measure their density with the use of hydrostatic method. Sample mass, Young modulus and surface roughness were measured for each sample before and after aging and differences between those parameters were presented as results. The changes of parameters may lead to a conclusion that mechanism of polymeric chain oxidation is dominant during thermal aging of PET. However the aging is not the fastest in atmospheric pressure but in lower air contents. This effect may be caused by greater evaporation of small molecule degradation products and shifting of reaction equilibrium in the direction of further decomposition.
{"title":"Influence of air content on thermal degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate)","authors":"W. Rejmer","doi":"10.31648/ts.7069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.7069","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The aim of these research is to investigate the air content on aging of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) preforms. Three air pressures were selected and in each pressure 5 samples were aged during 21 days in 80oC. Three samples were selected to cut and measure their density with the use of hydrostatic method. Sample mass, Young modulus and surface roughness were measured for each sample before and after aging and differences between those parameters were presented as results. The changes of parameters may lead to a conclusion that mechanism of polymeric chain oxidation is dominant during thermal aging of PET. However the aging is not the fastest in atmospheric pressure but in lower air contents. This effect may be caused by greater evaporation of small molecule degradation products and shifting of reaction equilibrium in the direction of further decomposition.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73907771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of metallographic research studies carried out for stock materials as well as the samples collected from the balls formed in the rolling process in a skew rolling mill. The stock material was bearing steel 100Cr6 and the steel from rail scrap. The rolling process was carried out in parallel for the two assumptions: the conventional method (hereinafter referred to as conventional rolling) and the modified method (hereinafter referred to as modified rolling). After the rolling process, three cooling media were used: air, water and oil. The pictures below, which depict microstructures, were taken using the bright-field and the dark-field microscopy technique, the samples were etched with a 4% solution of picral.
{"title":"Study of the process of rolling steel balls in skew rolling mill – metallographic analysis","authors":"Piotr Chyła","doi":"10.31648/ts.6814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.6814","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of metallographic research studies carried out for stock materials as well as the samples collected from the balls formed in the rolling process in a skew rolling mill. The stock material was bearing steel 100Cr6 and the steel from rail scrap. The rolling process was carried out in parallel for the two assumptions: the conventional method (hereinafter referred to as conventional rolling) and the modified method (hereinafter referred to as modified rolling). After the rolling process, three cooling media were used: air, water and oil. The pictures below, which depict microstructures, were taken using the bright-field and the dark-field microscopy technique, the samples were etched with a 4% solution of picral.","PeriodicalId":41669,"journal":{"name":"Archives for Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86495762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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