In the Critique of Dialectical Reason and in many interviews, Sartre upheld the proletariat’s attempts at emancipation in Western societies and their revolts in the developing world. In these texts, counter-violence is considered the only way to exercise concrete engagement, and a classless society is presented as the only possibility of reducing social inequalities. However, this radical point of view was not the only perspective he tried to develop. He also sought to elaborate an existentialist ethics, which does not correspond to the Marxist theory. This article aims to show that Sartre evoked Notebooks’ ideas in his last interview, Hope Now, in which he envisaged a different typology of democracy and society. This article will examine this new and last direction of Sartre’s political thought.
{"title":"Does the City of Ends Correspond to a Classless Society?","authors":"M. Russo","doi":"10.3167/SSI.2019.250105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/SSI.2019.250105","url":null,"abstract":"In the Critique of Dialectical Reason and in many interviews, Sartre upheld the proletariat’s attempts at emancipation in Western societies and their revolts in the developing world. In these texts, counter-violence is considered the only way to exercise concrete engagement, and a classless society is presented as the only possibility of reducing social inequalities. However, this radical point of view was not the only perspective he tried to develop. He also sought to elaborate an existentialist ethics, which does not correspond to the Marxist theory. This article aims to show that Sartre evoked Notebooks’ ideas in his last interview, Hope Now, in which he envisaged a different typology of democracy and society. This article will examine this new and last direction of Sartre’s political thought.","PeriodicalId":41680,"journal":{"name":"Sartre Studies International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/SSI.2019.250105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43021174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness: An Essay in Phenomenological Ontology, trans. Sarah Richmond (London: Routledge, 2018), lxvii + 848 pp., ISBN: 978-0-415-52911-2 (hardback)Jonathan Webber, Rethinking Existentialism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), 256 pp., ISBN: 978-0-198-73590-8 (hardcover)William L. Remley, Jean-Paul Sartre’s Anarchist Philosophy (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018), vii + 277 pp., ISBN 978-1-350-04824-9 (hardback)William Rowlandson, Sartre in Cuba – Cuba in Sartre (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), vi + 132 pp., ISBN 978-3-319-61695-7
{"title":"Book Reviews","authors":"J. Gillespie, K. Shuttleworth, N. Fox, M. Neary","doi":"10.3167/ssi.2019.250106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ssi.2019.250106","url":null,"abstract":"Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness: An Essay in Phenomenological Ontology, trans. Sarah Richmond (London: Routledge, 2018), lxvii + 848 pp., ISBN: 978-0-415-52911-2 (hardback)Jonathan Webber, Rethinking Existentialism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), 256 pp., ISBN: 978-0-198-73590-8 (hardcover)William L. Remley, Jean-Paul Sartre’s Anarchist Philosophy (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018), vii + 277 pp., ISBN 978-1-350-04824-9 (hardback)William Rowlandson, Sartre in Cuba – Cuba in Sartre (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), vi + 132 pp., ISBN 978-3-319-61695-7","PeriodicalId":41680,"journal":{"name":"Sartre Studies International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/ssi.2019.250106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45202225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
En 1927, Sartre dépose à l’Ecole normale supérieure un mémoire sur l’image, qui vient enfin d’être publié. Il y défend déjà une des thèses centrales de L’Imagination et de L’Imaginaire, à savoir que l’image mentale n’est pas un tableau intérieur, la reproduction de sensations anciennes : c’est une création, un acte de liberté. Dans son mémoire, Sartre inscrit l’image dans la vie du corps et de l’esprit, d’une manière encore hésitante mais aussi très inventive, qui éclaire ses livres ultérieurs sur l’image sans s’y laisser réduire.In 1927, Sartre submitted a dissertation to the Ecole normale supérieure about the Image, that has been published recently. Already in this work he outlines one of the central theses of L’Imagination and L’Imaginaire, namely that a mental image is neither an internal image, nor the reproduction of previously known sensations, but is a pure act of creation. In his dissertation, Sartre sets down in writing the image in the life of the body and the mind, in a hesitant yet very inventive manner. It helps us to understand his subsequent books concerning image without detracting from their originality.
{"title":"L'Image entre le corps et l'esprit","authors":"Vincent de Coorebyter","doi":"10.3167/SSI.2019.250102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/SSI.2019.250102","url":null,"abstract":"En 1927, Sartre dépose à l’Ecole normale supérieure un mémoire sur l’image, qui vient enfin d’être publié. Il y défend déjà une des thèses centrales de L’Imagination et de L’Imaginaire, à savoir que l’image mentale n’est pas un tableau intérieur, la reproduction de sensations anciennes : c’est une création, un acte de liberté. Dans son mémoire, Sartre inscrit l’image dans la vie du corps et de l’esprit, d’une manière encore hésitante mais aussi très inventive, qui éclaire ses livres ultérieurs sur l’image sans s’y laisser réduire.In 1927, Sartre submitted a dissertation to the Ecole normale supérieure about the Image, that has been published recently. Already in this work he outlines one of the central theses of L’Imagination and L’Imaginaire, namely that a mental image is neither an internal image, nor the reproduction of previously known sensations, but is a pure act of creation. In his dissertation, Sartre sets down in writing the image in the life of the body and the mind, in a hesitant yet very inventive manner. It helps us to understand his subsequent books concerning image without detracting from their originality.","PeriodicalId":41680,"journal":{"name":"Sartre Studies International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/SSI.2019.250102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45612860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article draws parallels between analytical and continental approaches to ontology. It begins with a summary of nothingness from the standpoint of analytical philosophy. It then expands towards the Sartrean notion of nothingness and our own experiential intuitions of absence, extending then into what is missing in our lives as existentially distressing; concerning, in this instance, what is missing through the protracted absence of a dead loved one. Finally, disturbing and possibly traumatic encounters with absence are seen to have major consequences for our existential sense of being-in-the- world, where the for-itself manifests as a being of lacks, often eschewing thetic knowledge, where encounters through human consciousness may anticipate pathological withdrawal from the world. This is a situation that Anglo-American proponents of logico-linguistic analysis cannot adequately account for.
{"title":"Too Much of Nothing","authors":"J. G. Wilson","doi":"10.3167/SSI.2018.240204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/SSI.2018.240204","url":null,"abstract":"This article draws parallels between analytical and continental\u0000approaches to ontology. It begins with a summary of nothingness\u0000from the standpoint of analytical philosophy. It then expands\u0000towards the Sartrean notion of nothingness and our own experiential\u0000intuitions of absence, extending then into what is missing in our lives\u0000as existentially distressing; concerning, in this instance, what is missing\u0000through the protracted absence of a dead loved one. Finally,\u0000disturbing and possibly traumatic encounters with absence are seen\u0000to have major consequences for our existential sense of being-in-the-\u0000world, where the for-itself manifests as a being of lacks, often\u0000eschewing thetic knowledge, where encounters through human consciousness\u0000may anticipate pathological withdrawal from the world.\u0000This is a situation that Anglo-American proponents of logico-linguistic\u0000analysis cannot adequately account for.","PeriodicalId":41680,"journal":{"name":"Sartre Studies International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/SSI.2018.240204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45747762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The age of the Anthropocene is arguably upon us. Heidegger’s famous discussion of technology helps us understand the attitude that put us in this crisis. Although Sartre’s work in the Critique of Dialectical Reason seems to be distinct from Heidegger’s, I show how his concern with the socially alienating phenomenon of seriality explains why this technological attitude is so persistent. And by studying Heidegger and Sartre together, we get a better sense of how our environmental destitution is correlated to a social-political one. Relational respect is offered as an existential norm that helps us move beyond our violent tendency to objectify beings, both human and other than human.
{"title":"Sartre and Heidegger on Social Deformation and the Anthropocene","authors":"Paul Gyllenhammer","doi":"10.3167/SSI.2018.240203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/SSI.2018.240203","url":null,"abstract":"The age of the Anthropocene is arguably upon us. Heidegger’s\u0000famous discussion of technology helps us understand the attitude\u0000that put us in this crisis. Although Sartre’s work in the Critique\u0000of Dialectical Reason seems to be distinct from Heidegger’s, I show\u0000how his concern with the socially alienating phenomenon of seriality\u0000explains why this technological attitude is so persistent. And by\u0000studying Heidegger and Sartre together, we get a better sense of\u0000how our environmental destitution is correlated to a social-political\u0000one. Relational respect is offered as an existential norm that helps us\u0000move beyond our violent tendency to objectify beings, both human\u0000and other than human.","PeriodicalId":41680,"journal":{"name":"Sartre Studies International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/SSI.2018.240203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42165854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damon Boria, Thomas M. Meagher, Adrian van den Hoven, Matthew C. Eshleman
Matthew C. Ally, Ecology and Existence: Bringing Sartre to the Water’s Edge (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017), 509 pp., $150.00, ISBN: 9780739182888 (hardback)Helen Ngo, The Habits of Racism: A Phenomenology of Racism and Racialized Embodiment (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017), 208 pp., $90.00, ISBN: 9781498534642 (hardback)Aaron James, Surfing with Sartre: An Aquatic Inquiry into a Life of Meaning (New York: Doubleday, 2017), 336 pp., $ 27.95, ISBN: 9780385540735 (hardback)Ronald Aronson, We: Reviving Social Hope. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017), 200 pp., $24.46, ISBN: 9780226334660 (hardback).
Matthew C.Ally，《生态与存在：将萨特带到水边》（Lanham：Lexington Books，2017），509页，150.00美元，国际书号：9780739182888（精装本）Helen Ngo，《种族主义的习惯：种族主义和种族化体现的现象学》，《与萨特一起冲浪：对有意义的生活的水上调查》（纽约：Doubleday，2017），336页，27.95美元，国际标准书号：9780385540735（精装本）罗纳德·阿伦森，《我们：复兴社会希望》。（芝加哥：芝加哥大学出版社，2017），200页，24.46美元，国际标准书号：9780226334660（精装本）。
{"title":"Book Reviews","authors":"Damon Boria, Thomas M. Meagher, Adrian van den Hoven, Matthew C. Eshleman","doi":"10.3167/ssi.2018.240207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ssi.2018.240207","url":null,"abstract":"Matthew C. Ally, Ecology and Existence: Bringing Sartre to the Water’s Edge\u0000(Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017), 509 pp., $150.00, ISBN:\u00009780739182888 (hardback)Helen Ngo, The Habits of Racism: A Phenomenology of Racism and Racialized\u0000Embodiment (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017), 208 pp., $90.00,\u0000ISBN: 9781498534642 (hardback)Aaron James, Surfing with Sartre: An Aquatic Inquiry into a Life of Meaning\u0000(New York: Doubleday, 2017), 336 pp., $ 27.95, ISBN:\u00009780385540735 (hardback)Ronald Aronson, We: Reviving Social Hope. (Chicago: University of Chicago\u0000Press, 2017), 200 pp., $24.46, ISBN: 9780226334660 (hardback).","PeriodicalId":41680,"journal":{"name":"Sartre Studies International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/ssi.2018.240207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43269315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has rarely been a writer and thinker who saw his writing as more tied to his age than Jean-Paul Sartre. His notion of committed literature argued that writing and thought are anchored first and foremost in their “situation,” the period and context in which they are first produced, disseminated and discussed. One writes for one’s era, he maintained; that is when a piece of writing has its greatest impact. Almost forty years after his death, there is some irony in the fact that Sartre’s writings and thought continue to be invoked in so many different contexts far removed from their immediate cultural moment and situation. And this despite the legion of detractors on both sides of the Atlantic for whom the end of the Berlin wall and Soviet Russia sealed Sartre’s failed legacy and any possibility of his continued relevance.
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"J. Ireland, C. Mui","doi":"10.3167/ssi.2018.240201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ssi.2018.240201","url":null,"abstract":"There has rarely been a writer and thinker who saw his writing as\u0000more tied to his age than Jean-Paul Sartre. His notion of committed\u0000literature argued that writing and thought are anchored first and\u0000foremost in their “situation,” the period and context in which they\u0000are first produced, disseminated and discussed. One writes for one’s\u0000era, he maintained; that is when a piece of writing has its greatest\u0000impact. Almost forty years after his death, there is some irony in the\u0000fact that Sartre’s writings and thought continue to be invoked in so\u0000many different contexts far removed from their immediate cultural\u0000moment and situation. And this despite the legion of detractors on\u0000both sides of the Atlantic for whom the end of the Berlin wall and\u0000Soviet Russia sealed Sartre’s failed legacy and any possibility of his\u0000continued relevance.","PeriodicalId":41680,"journal":{"name":"Sartre Studies International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/ssi.2018.240201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41410395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Irwin, The Free Market Existentialist: Capitalism without Consumerism. West Essex: Wiley Blackwell, 2015, 203 pages, $21.95 (paper), ISBN: 978-1-119-12128-2.
{"title":"Could Sartre have been a Free Market Capitalist?","authors":"Matthew C. Eshleman","doi":"10.3167/SSI.2018.240206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/SSI.2018.240206","url":null,"abstract":"William Irwin, The Free Market Existentialist: Capitalism without\u0000Consumerism. West Essex: Wiley Blackwell, 2015, 203 pages, $21.95\u0000(paper), ISBN: 978-1-119-12128-2.","PeriodicalId":41680,"journal":{"name":"Sartre Studies International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/SSI.2018.240206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41384401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, I consider the rising interest in mindfulness meditation in the West and submit it to an analysis from a Sartrean phenomenological and ontological perspective. I focus on a common form of Buddhist meditation known as ānāpānasati, which focuses on the breath, in order to draw connections between common obstacles and experiences among meditation practitioners and Sartre’s understanding of consciousness. I argue that first-person reports generally support a Sartrean view of consciousness as spontaneous, free, and intentional, but I also highlight areas where Sartre’s phenomenology and ontology oversimplify the complex relationship between the pre-reflective and reflective modes of consciousness. I contend too that Sartre does not always take seriously enough the distracted, unfocused, and obsessively thought-oriented nature of consciousness.
{"title":"Mindfulness Meditation","authors":"Dane Sawyer","doi":"10.3167/SSI.2018.240205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/SSI.2018.240205","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I consider the rising interest in mindfulness\u0000meditation in the West and submit it to an analysis from a Sartrean\u0000phenomenological and ontological perspective. I focus on a common\u0000form of Buddhist meditation known as ānāpānasati, which focuses\u0000on the breath, in order to draw connections between common\u0000obstacles and experiences among meditation practitioners and\u0000Sartre’s understanding of consciousness. I argue that first-person\u0000reports generally support a Sartrean view of consciousness as spontaneous,\u0000free, and intentional, but I also highlight areas where Sartre’s\u0000phenomenology and ontology oversimplify the complex relationship\u0000between the pre-reflective and reflective modes of consciousness. I\u0000contend too that Sartre does not always take seriously enough the\u0000distracted, unfocused, and obsessively thought-oriented nature of\u0000consciousness.","PeriodicalId":41680,"journal":{"name":"Sartre Studies International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/SSI.2018.240205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42633709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1943, Jean-Paul Sartre published several important articles of literary criticism on Blanchot, Camus and Bataille. In addition to propounding his own literary views, these articles functioned as a means of marking out his own version of existentialism, which risked being conflated with the Camusian absurd. Whereas Camus, according to Sartre, advocated a detached attitude in the face of the meaninglessness of existence, Sartre maintained that the subject cannot withdraw from the (historical) situation and that existence is ultimately meaningful. One author in particular, Franz Kafka, acts as the figurative ‘prism’ through which Sartre challenges rival versions of existential thinking. He does so by introducing the concept of le fantastique (the fantastic) on account of Kafka’s work. In so doing, Sartre not only rebutted the dominant interpretation, according to which Kafka was an absurd author, but also uncovered a historical critique implicit in the Prague author’s work.
{"title":"Challenging the Absurd?","authors":"Jo Bogaerts","doi":"10.3167/SSI.2018.240103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/SSI.2018.240103","url":null,"abstract":"In 1943, Jean-Paul Sartre published several important\u0000articles of literary criticism on Blanchot, Camus and Bataille. In\u0000addition to propounding his own literary views, these articles functioned\u0000as a means of marking out his own version of existentialism,\u0000which risked being conflated with the Camusian absurd. Whereas\u0000Camus, according to Sartre, advocated a detached attitude in the\u0000face of the meaninglessness of existence, Sartre maintained that the\u0000subject cannot withdraw from the (historical) situation and that existence\u0000is ultimately meaningful. One author in particular, Franz\u0000Kafka, acts as the figurative ‘prism’ through which Sartre challenges\u0000rival versions of existential thinking. He does so by introducing the\u0000concept of le fantastique (the fantastic) on account of Kafka’s work.\u0000In so doing, Sartre not only rebutted the dominant interpretation,\u0000according to which Kafka was an absurd author, but also uncovered\u0000a historical critique implicit in the Prague author’s work.","PeriodicalId":41680,"journal":{"name":"Sartre Studies International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/SSI.2018.240103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44453581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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