Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13574175.2023.2187935
Torrance Kirby
ABSTRACT The theme of “Conversion” is prominent in writings of Protestant reformers of the sixteenth century. Conversion is variously construed as a sudden reorientation of perspective, or, alternatively, as a gradual, ongoing process of readjustment of behavior. Change of religious orientation can be cognitive or habitual, passive or active, and can depend upon a range of moral ontological assumptions. A traditional antiphon in the Octave of Christmas invokes the language of exchange – “O admirabile commertium” – which is echoed by Jean Calvin in his reference to the Sacrament of the Eucharist as “mirifica commutatio”, “wondrous exchange.” This language harks back to the scriptural concept of covenant. This essay will explore the reformers’ employment of mercantile metaphors in their discourse of conversion. In addition to Calvin attention will be paid to Erasmus, Martin Luther, the Florentine reformer Peter Martyr Vermigli, the French Zwinglian Antoine de Marcourt, and to the Elizabethan divine Richard Hooker.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13574175.2023.2187926
M. Rankin
The present issue offers a tribute to the scholarship of John N. King (1945-2020), former editor of Reformation (2006-2009). It opens with two pieces, by Arthur Marotti and Mark Bayer, on Shakespeare’s response to the ethical and political ideas of the Reformation. Although King did not consider himself to be a Shakespearean, he cultivated an interest across his career in the effect of the Reformation on Shakespeare’s plays. According to King, “[t]hat Shakespeare joined his contemporaries in restaging many theatrical encounters between kings and satirical embodiments of papal power demonstrates that memories of the conflict between ecclesiastical and secular authority long outlived the generations who came of age during the many religious crises that occurred between the 1534 Reformation Parliament and the Elizabethan settlement of religion in 1559.” In crafting his history plays, King argues, Shakespeare was sensitive to “the regal vices of pride, extravagance, and licentiousness” which could be mitigated via royal counsel, a “problem” “raised by works ranging from Utopia to 1 Henry IV.” Because “[t]he Italianate settings of Jacobean plays inherit a polemical Protestant edge,” “Shakespeare and his successors recreate the Reformation image of Italy in such plays as Othello, Volpone, and The Duchess of Malfi.” With characteristic erudition, King locates an analogous use of Othello’s abusive epithet “goats and monkeys,” which Othello hurls at Desdemona, in the mid-Tudor satirist William Baldwin’s translation of Matthias Flaccius’s Wonderfull newes of the death of Paule the. iii. last byshop of Rome (c. 1552). King’s point is not that Shakespeare necessarily read Flaccius, but that his dramas were unmistakably a product of Reformation literary culture. Mandated official homilies read weekly from most pulpits during Elizabeth’s reign “enables one to read these texts as a summary of the world view of Sidney and Spenser, Shakespeare and Donne,” according to King. This assertion leads him to identify “commonplaces from the homily on obedience” in Ulysses’ speech on order and degree, from Troilus and Cressida.” Reformation literary voices “helped to spawn masterworks by William Shakespeare.” “[P]lays such as Hamlet and Othello dramatize controversial issues related to conscience, confession, free will, and purgatory....Dramatization of
{"title":"Editor’s Preface","authors":"M. Rankin","doi":"10.1080/13574175.2023.2187926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13574175.2023.2187926","url":null,"abstract":"The present issue offers a tribute to the scholarship of John N. King (1945-2020), former editor of Reformation (2006-2009). It opens with two pieces, by Arthur Marotti and Mark Bayer, on Shakespeare’s response to the ethical and political ideas of the Reformation. Although King did not consider himself to be a Shakespearean, he cultivated an interest across his career in the effect of the Reformation on Shakespeare’s plays. According to King, “[t]hat Shakespeare joined his contemporaries in restaging many theatrical encounters between kings and satirical embodiments of papal power demonstrates that memories of the conflict between ecclesiastical and secular authority long outlived the generations who came of age during the many religious crises that occurred between the 1534 Reformation Parliament and the Elizabethan settlement of religion in 1559.” In crafting his history plays, King argues, Shakespeare was sensitive to “the regal vices of pride, extravagance, and licentiousness” which could be mitigated via royal counsel, a “problem” “raised by works ranging from Utopia to 1 Henry IV.” Because “[t]he Italianate settings of Jacobean plays inherit a polemical Protestant edge,” “Shakespeare and his successors recreate the Reformation image of Italy in such plays as Othello, Volpone, and The Duchess of Malfi.” With characteristic erudition, King locates an analogous use of Othello’s abusive epithet “goats and monkeys,” which Othello hurls at Desdemona, in the mid-Tudor satirist William Baldwin’s translation of Matthias Flaccius’s Wonderfull newes of the death of Paule the. iii. last byshop of Rome (c. 1552). King’s point is not that Shakespeare necessarily read Flaccius, but that his dramas were unmistakably a product of Reformation literary culture. Mandated official homilies read weekly from most pulpits during Elizabeth’s reign “enables one to read these texts as a summary of the world view of Sidney and Spenser, Shakespeare and Donne,” according to King. This assertion leads him to identify “commonplaces from the homily on obedience” in Ulysses’ speech on order and degree, from Troilus and Cressida.” Reformation literary voices “helped to spawn masterworks by William Shakespeare.” “[P]lays such as Hamlet and Othello dramatize controversial issues related to conscience, confession, free will, and purgatory....Dramatization of","PeriodicalId":41682,"journal":{"name":"Reformation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48047127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13574175.2023.2187920
J. King
{"title":"Scholarship originally published online by John N. King, and now difficult to locate“Featured Text” Introduction, John Foxe, Acts and Monuments, 4th ed. (1583)","authors":"J. King","doi":"10.1080/13574175.2023.2187920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13574175.2023.2187920","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41682,"journal":{"name":"Reformation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47402463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13574175.2023.2187937
Harriet Lyon
{"title":"The Dissolution of the Monasteries: A New History","authors":"Harriet Lyon","doi":"10.1080/13574175.2023.2187937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13574175.2023.2187937","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41682,"journal":{"name":"Reformation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45456915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13574175.2023.2187941
Pranav Jain
{"title":"Between Scholarship & Church Politics: The Lives of John Prideaux, 1578-1650","authors":"Pranav Jain","doi":"10.1080/13574175.2023.2187941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13574175.2023.2187941","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41682,"journal":{"name":"Reformation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45628069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13574175.2023.2187929
M. Rankin
nished at death. A study of the forming and re-forming of books as material objects, book illustration, and reading practices during the pre-Reformation era, Protestant Reformation, and Catholic Reformation.
{"title":"Principal Publications of John N. King","authors":"M. Rankin","doi":"10.1080/13574175.2023.2187929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13574175.2023.2187929","url":null,"abstract":"nished at death. A study of the forming and re-forming of books as material objects, book illustration, and reading practices during the pre-Reformation era, Protestant Reformation, and Catholic Reformation.","PeriodicalId":41682,"journal":{"name":"Reformation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48002910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13574175.2023.2187928
M. Rankin
The late John N. King was an innovative, courageous, and pioneering scholar of tremendous stature. He was also a firm believer in this journal, and served as its Editor from vols. 11–14 (2006–09). He published in Reformation more frequently than nearly any other academic journal, with articles or notes in vols. 6, 7, 10, and 25, and reviews in vols. 7, 16, and 22. His work in the literature and culture of the English Reformation and in Tudor non-dramatic literature, book history, and iconography charted the influence of the Reformation upon early modern English authors, even as he found himself sometimes at odds with an academic establishment which he felt remained unproductively bound to aesthetic criteria which posited a “Renaissance” in literary creativity only associated with the Elizabethan era (1558–1603) and the careers of William Shakespeare, Sir Philip Sidney, and Edmund Spenser. While not neglecting these authors, his work situated their writing on a wider canvas, one much more closely aligned to their actual intellectual, religious, and political contexts. Above all, he dedicated his career to explaining how the Reformation produced the soil from which sprung not only major canonical figures, but also a host of other writers whose work is essential for any understanding the period’s literature. He made major contributions in the study of figures who are now central to the field, including Anne Askew, William Baldwin, John Foxe, Thomas More, William Tyndale, and more. His work opened up the study of Tudor literature to an entire generation of younger scholars, some of whom are themselves now leaders in the field. John began his teaching career at Abdullahi Bayero University in Kano, Nigeria, where he resided from 1967 to 1969 as Lecturer in English. In 1971 he joined the English faculty at Bates College in Lewiston, Maine. He held a Visiting Lectureship in English at Oxford University from 1978 to 1979, and from 1981 to 1982 he was Visiting Associate Professor of English at Brown University. In 1989 he was appointed Professor of English at The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. In 2003 he was designated Humanities Distinguished Professor of English & of Religious Studies, and in 2004 Distinguished University Professor at OSU. Following his retirement in 2010 he divided his time between Washington, DC, where he was a frequent denizen of both the Folger Shakespeare Library and the Library of Congress, and his home in Virginia. He received an honorary Litt.D. degree from Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, Virginia, in 2018. An alumnus of the Bronx High School of Science in New York, he received the B.A. cum laude from Randolph Macon in 1965 and the M.A. cum laude from the University of Chicago the following year. He completed his dissertation at Chicago in 1973, under the direction of William A. Ringler, Jr., on “Protector Somerset and his Propagandists.” Over the course of a career which spanned more than five decades, he produced a
已故的约翰·n·金(John N. King)是一位具有创新精神、勇气和开拓精神的杰出学者。他也是这个杂志的坚定信徒，并从vols担任编辑。11 - 14(2006 - 09年)。他在《宗教改革》上发表文章的频率几乎比其他任何学术期刊都要高，以卷的形式发表文章或笔记。6,7,10和25，并以卷为单位进行评论。7 16 22。他在英国宗教改革时期的文学和文化以及都德王朝时期的非戏剧文学、书籍历史和肖像学方面的工作，描绘了宗教改革对早期现代英国作家的影响，尽管他发现自己有时会与学术机构产生分歧，他觉得这些学术机构与美学标准毫无成效地联系在一起，认为文学创作的“文艺复兴”只与伊丽莎白时代(1558-1603)和威廉·莎士比亚的职业生涯有关。菲利普·西德尼爵士和埃德蒙·斯宾塞。虽然他没有忽视这些作家，但他的作品将他们的写作置于更广阔的画布上，与他们实际的智力、宗教和政治背景更加紧密地联系在一起。最重要的是，他致力于解释宗教改革是如何产生土壤的，这些土壤不仅孕育了主要的权威人物，而且孕育了许多其他作家，他们的作品对理解这一时期的文学至关重要。他在研究当今该领域的核心人物方面做出了重大贡献，包括安妮·阿斯丘、威廉·鲍德温、约翰·福克斯、托马斯·莫尔、威廉·廷代尔等。他的工作为都铎文学的研究打开了一扇大门，吸引了整整一代年轻学者，其中一些人现在已经成为该领域的领军人物。John的教学生涯始于尼日利亚卡诺的Abdullahi Bayero大学，从1967年到1969年，他在那里担任英语讲师。1971年，他在缅因州刘易斯顿的贝茨学院担任英语教师。1978年至1979年，他在牛津大学担任英语客座讲师;1981年至1982年，他在布朗大学担任英语客座副教授。1989年，他被任命为俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄州立大学的英语教授。2003年，他被任命为英语和宗教研究人文学科杰出教授，2004年被任命为俄勒冈州立大学杰出大学教授。2010年退休后，他把时间花在了华盛顿特区和弗吉尼亚州的家中。在华盛顿，他经常出入福尔杰·莎士比亚图书馆和国会图书馆。2018年，他获得了弗吉尼亚州阿什兰市伦道夫-梅肯学院的荣誉文学博士学位。作为纽约布朗克斯科学高中的校友，他于1965年获得伦道夫梅肯大学的学士学位，并于次年获得芝加哥大学的硕士学位。1973年，在小威廉·a·林格尔(William A. Ringler, Jr.)的指导下，他在芝加哥完成了关于“萨默塞特保护者和他的宣传者”的论文。在他长达50多年的职业生涯中，他创造了一个卓越的学术体系，致力于研究16世纪宗教动荡时期英国的文学。他的出发点是c.s.刘易斯现在臭名昭著的解雇
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13574175.2023.2187936
Mark Bayer
ABSTRACT Beginning in 1587, all theatrical companies were required to make weekly donations to local poor in exchange for permission to perform in London’s suburbs. While robust networks of charity were probably more vital than ever to the social welfare of London and its citizens, the Reformation had disrupted previous forms of benevolence, giving way for new opportunities and new religious justifications for these practices. Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night (c. 1601) reflects and underscores both the economic and religious prerogatives of charity for its audiences. Staged as part of the year’s Christmastide revels, the play takes part in seasonal religious practices and gift-giving and emphasizes the need for individuals to live in comity with one another. Its message auspiciously coincided with its namesake. The feast of Epiphany, or Twelfth Day, commemorates the revelation of Christ to the gentiles , and sermons throughout this season typically exposited the value of charity.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13574175.2023.2187934
Colin M. Donnelly
ABSTRACT Among the few things scholars can agree about Thomas Bilney (1495–1531), the enigmatic figure at the heart of early English evangelicalism, is that he embraced Luther’s teaching of justification by faith. This consensus is based chiefly on two of Bilney’s statements on justification in a 1527 letter to Cuthbert Tunstall, then Bishop of London. By putting these statements in the broader context of Bilney’s extant writings, this essay aims to show that while Bilney used some of the same language and concepts as Luther, the way he developed and understood those concepts was fundamentally distinct. In his views of the law, the reception of grace, and of the nature of justification, Bilney’s soteriology differed markedly from that of the German reformer. In his distinctive development of evangelical soteriology, Bilney illustrates the experimental nature of early evangelicalism and the dangers of seeking prematurely to pigeonhole its proponents with anachronistic confessional labels.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13574175.2023.2187939
S. Doran
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