Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-2-81-95
V. A. Strizhak, A. V. Pryakhin
Contactless electromagnetic-acoustic transducers have a set of significant advantages over contact transducers, but at the same time they have significant disadvantages that require the development of effective magnetizing devices. Compared to magnetizing devices that are using permanent magnets, electric current magnetization devices are easily removed from the object of testing and cleaned from contamination by metal particles. Unfortunately, such transducers have significant dimensions and weight.A transducer containing a magnetic circuit magnetized by an electric current coil and two independent electromagnetic inductors located in the gap between the central part of the magnetic circuit and the object of testing has been developed. Inductors are two flat coils, each of them has form like a butterfly. The inductor conductors located in the working area have mutually perpendicular directions; they allow exciting and receiving the transversely polarized acoustic waves without rearranging the transducer. In order to reduce the overall dimensions and mass of the transducer, the mass and dimensional parameters of the magnetizing device were optimized for operating conditions when the magnetization of the object of testing and measurement are performed during the active measurement phase. During the passive measurement phase, which is three times longer than the active phase in time, the magnetizing device cools down. The cyclic mode with alternating active and passive phases made it possible to reduce the weight of the transducer by more than 3 times. In the working area of the transducer with a size of 15×15 mm, with a gap of 1 mm between the magnetic field concentrator and the object of testing, a field with a normal component of 2.4 T is created. The transducer has protection of the magnetization device from overheating, and the cyclic mode of operation allows for continuous performance of up to 30 measurements per minute at an ambient temperature of 20 °C.The developed magnetizing device can be used in solving a number of problems of structuroscopy, thickness measurement, flaw detection by electromagnetic-acoustic methods based on accurate measurement of the propagation time of elastic waves in the object of testing.
{"title":"Optimization of the Parameters of the Magnetizing Device of the Electromagnetic-Acoustic Transducer","authors":"V. A. Strizhak, A. V. Pryakhin","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-2-81-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-2-81-95","url":null,"abstract":"Contactless electromagnetic-acoustic transducers have a set of significant advantages over contact transducers, but at the same time they have significant disadvantages that require the development of effective magnetizing devices. Compared to magnetizing devices that are using permanent magnets, electric current magnetization devices are easily removed from the object of testing and cleaned from contamination by metal particles. Unfortunately, such transducers have significant dimensions and weight.A transducer containing a magnetic circuit magnetized by an electric current coil and two independent electromagnetic inductors located in the gap between the central part of the magnetic circuit and the object of testing has been developed. Inductors are two flat coils, each of them has form like a butterfly. The inductor conductors located in the working area have mutually perpendicular directions; they allow exciting and receiving the transversely polarized acoustic waves without rearranging the transducer. In order to reduce the overall dimensions and mass of the transducer, the mass and dimensional parameters of the magnetizing device were optimized for operating conditions when the magnetization of the object of testing and measurement are performed during the active measurement phase. During the passive measurement phase, which is three times longer than the active phase in time, the magnetizing device cools down. The cyclic mode with alternating active and passive phases made it possible to reduce the weight of the transducer by more than 3 times. In the working area of the transducer with a size of 15×15 mm, with a gap of 1 mm between the magnetic field concentrator and the object of testing, a field with a normal component of 2.4 T is created. The transducer has protection of the magnetization device from overheating, and the cyclic mode of operation allows for continuous performance of up to 30 measurements per minute at an ambient temperature of 20 °C.The developed magnetizing device can be used in solving a number of problems of structuroscopy, thickness measurement, flaw detection by electromagnetic-acoustic methods based on accurate measurement of the propagation time of elastic waves in the object of testing. ","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75742381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-27-37
A prototype of a pulsed diode-pumped laser based on Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) crystal emitting at 1064 nm is presented for use in airborne rangefinders and atmospheric LIDARs without use of expensive production technologies and components.Actively Q-Switched laser pulse energy was estimated. Spatial characteristics of laser beam and dependence of pulse energy on the pump pulse energy were obtained at room temperature. Results of diodepumped laser pulse energy measurements are provided within 2 min for pulse repetition rates of 1, 4, 12.5, 22 Hz at ambient temperature range from -40 to +60 °C. Laser diode arrays temperature stabilization was achieved by the use of Peltier module with cooling capacity of 30 W.Pulse energy values not less than 80 mJ were achieved in the studied ranges of ambient temperature and pulse repetition rate. Laser beam divergence at room temperature does not exceed 1.9 mrad.
{"title":"Diode-Pumped Laser for Rangefinders Operating over Wide Temperature Range","authors":"","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-27-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-27-37","url":null,"abstract":"A prototype of a pulsed diode-pumped laser based on Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) crystal emitting at 1064 nm is presented for use in airborne rangefinders and atmospheric LIDARs without use of expensive production technologies and components.Actively Q-Switched laser pulse energy was estimated. Spatial characteristics of laser beam and dependence of pulse energy on the pump pulse energy were obtained at room temperature. Results of diodepumped laser pulse energy measurements are provided within 2 min for pulse repetition rates of 1, 4, 12.5, 22 Hz at ambient temperature range from -40 to +60 °C. Laser diode arrays temperature stabilization was achieved by the use of Peltier module with cooling capacity of 30 W.Pulse energy values not less than 80 mJ were achieved in the studied ranges of ambient temperature and pulse repetition rate. Laser beam divergence at room temperature does not exceed 1.9 mrad. ","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88720693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-54-61
The prism deflector which is a multifaceted prism with reflective facets is the most common scanning element that allows to quickly fill a wide scanning area with laser radiation pulses along one coordinate. The parameters of a prismatic deflector are related to the characteristics of the laser radiation of the scanned area parameters and of the deflector position, and are also limited by various factors, such as safety requirements or scanning time. The aim of this work was to analyze the relationship between the external operating conditions of a laser scanning system and the internal design parameters of a prism deflector.A variant of calculating of laser pulses frequency by the number of spots and their overlap coefficient is considered. A method for calculating of a prism deflector characteristics based on external parameters, such as the angle of incidence of radiation to the facet and the width of the Gaussian beam with dimensions that are safe for а human eye is proposed. Рrismatic deflectors parameters are proposed depending on the number of reflecting facets. Dependence of a deflector size on the angle of radiation incidence to the reflecting face is shown.When designing a prismatic deflector of a laser scanner used to fill a certain scanning area with the required angular size σ by varying such parameters as the number of faces m and the feed angle α it is possible to achieve optimal deflector characteristics and scanning mode for the task.
{"title":"Calculation of Parameters of Prism Deflector for Laser Scanner","authors":"","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-54-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-54-61","url":null,"abstract":"The prism deflector which is a multifaceted prism with reflective facets is the most common scanning element that allows to quickly fill a wide scanning area with laser radiation pulses along one coordinate. The parameters of a prismatic deflector are related to the characteristics of the laser radiation of the scanned area parameters and of the deflector position, and are also limited by various factors, such as safety requirements or scanning time. The aim of this work was to analyze the relationship between the external operating conditions of a laser scanning system and the internal design parameters of a prism deflector.A variant of calculating of laser pulses frequency by the number of spots and their overlap coefficient is considered. A method for calculating of a prism deflector characteristics based on external parameters, such as the angle of incidence of radiation to the facet and the width of the Gaussian beam with dimensions that are safe for а human eye is proposed. Рrismatic deflectors parameters are proposed depending on the number of reflecting facets. Dependence of a deflector size on the angle of radiation incidence to the reflecting face is shown.When designing a prismatic deflector of a laser scanner used to fill a certain scanning area with the required angular size σ by varying such parameters as the number of faces m and the feed angle α it is possible to achieve optimal deflector characteristics and scanning mode for the task.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79412850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-62-70
A. S. Sizikov, Y. Belyaev, I. M. Tsykman, A. P. Popkov
The main results of the creation of the domestic complex “Vizir” for measuring bidirectional spectropolarization reflection coefficients and brightness of natural and artificial objects were presented in the article. Its purpose, composition and main technical parameters were indicated.Spectral-polarization studies of the characteristics of samples that simulates objects (pollution) of natural (forest fires) and man-made (oil spills) emergencies were performed with the help of complex “Vizir” using polarizing nozzles under various conditions (angles of illumination, observation, pollution concentration, the time that passed since the contamination, the degree of wood thermal damage). The results of studies made it possible to increase the accuracy of identification of monitoring objects in emergency zones up to two times.The main provisions of the two developed methods were outlined. The first method was methodology for determination of the controlled parameters of forest fires by means of aviation monitoring, which makes it possible to record the maximum values of the degree of polarization of reflected radiation for coal 30–40 % and for semi-coal 15–20 % in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 0.7 μm. The second one was methodology for determination of the controlled parameters of man-made emergencies with oil spills by means of aviation monitoring, which makes it possible to record the maximum values of the degree of polarization of an oil spill on water: 40–50 % at optimal view angles close to specular in relation to the angle of solar radiation incidence.The developed methods were introduced into the activities of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus to make the right management decisions to eliminate emergency situations and their consequences.
{"title":"Video Spectral Methods and Tools for Monitoring of Controlled Parameters of Forest Fires and Oil Spill Accidents","authors":"A. S. Sizikov, Y. Belyaev, I. M. Tsykman, A. P. Popkov","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-62-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-62-70","url":null,"abstract":"The main results of the creation of the domestic complex “Vizir” for measuring bidirectional spectropolarization reflection coefficients and brightness of natural and artificial objects were presented in the article. Its purpose, composition and main technical parameters were indicated.Spectral-polarization studies of the characteristics of samples that simulates objects (pollution) of natural (forest fires) and man-made (oil spills) emergencies were performed with the help of complex “Vizir” using polarizing nozzles under various conditions (angles of illumination, observation, pollution concentration, the time that passed since the contamination, the degree of wood thermal damage). The results of studies made it possible to increase the accuracy of identification of monitoring objects in emergency zones up to two times.The main provisions of the two developed methods were outlined. The first method was methodology for determination of the controlled parameters of forest fires by means of aviation monitoring, which makes it possible to record the maximum values of the degree of polarization of reflected radiation for coal 30–40 % and for semi-coal 15–20 % in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 0.7 μm. The second one was methodology for determination of the controlled parameters of man-made emergencies with oil spills by means of aviation monitoring, which makes it possible to record the maximum values of the degree of polarization of an oil spill on water: 40–50 % at optimal view angles close to specular in relation to the angle of solar radiation incidence.The developed methods were introduced into the activities of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus to make the right management decisions to eliminate emergency situations and their consequences.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82607194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-44-53
M. R. Zaripov, V. Alekseev, A. Kirillov, A. V. Oficerova
At present time widespread use of autonomous laser systems supposes reducing of supply energy, consumed by laser sources that are included in their composition and at the same time increasing of their output energy characteristics. The objective of this work was practical confirmation of possibility of laser beam combining in systems based on a ring delay line.The experimental setup that implements the principle of synchronous laser beam combining scheme on the ring fiber-optic delay line, developed by authors earlier, is made. The schematic diagram of the manufactured setup is presented, its operation principle is described in detail and its composition is considered. It is noted that in order to achieve the objective measurements of electrical signals received from the photodetector of the setup and measurements of the part of laser radiation power removed by the splitter and formed in the fiber-optic path of the setup are performed. Results of measurements are presented as the waveforms of electrical signals from the photodetector and of power values at the output of the splitter. Plots of dependence of the output power and the circulation power on the power of the initial laser beam introduced into the setup are presented.Analysis of results showed that the laser beam combining occurs in the ring fiber-optic delay line. Besides, it was found that the proposed scheme provides an increase in the power of the initial beam by 1.05…1.11 times.
{"title":"Research of Laser Beam Combining in Ring Fiber-Optic Delay Line","authors":"M. R. Zaripov, V. Alekseev, A. Kirillov, A. V. Oficerova","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-44-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-44-53","url":null,"abstract":"At present time widespread use of autonomous laser systems supposes reducing of supply energy, consumed by laser sources that are included in their composition and at the same time increasing of their output energy characteristics. The objective of this work was practical confirmation of possibility of laser beam combining in systems based on a ring delay line.The experimental setup that implements the principle of synchronous laser beam combining scheme on the ring fiber-optic delay line, developed by authors earlier, is made. The schematic diagram of the manufactured setup is presented, its operation principle is described in detail and its composition is considered. It is noted that in order to achieve the objective measurements of electrical signals received from the photodetector of the setup and measurements of the part of laser radiation power removed by the splitter and formed in the fiber-optic path of the setup are performed. Results of measurements are presented as the waveforms of electrical signals from the photodetector and of power values at the output of the splitter. Plots of dependence of the output power and the circulation power on the power of the initial laser beam introduced into the setup are presented.Analysis of results showed that the laser beam combining occurs in the ring fiber-optic delay line. Besides, it was found that the proposed scheme provides an increase in the power of the initial beam by 1.05…1.11 times.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86123498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-38-43
N. Poklonski, A. Kovalev, K. V. Usenko, E. A. Ermakova, N. Gorbachuk, S. Lastovski
In silicon microelectronics, flat metal spirals are formed to create an integrated inductance. However, the maximum specific inductance of such spirals at low frequencies is limited to a value of the order of tens of microhenries per square centimeter. Gyrators, devices based on operational amplifiers with approximately the same specific inductance as spirals, are also used. Despite the fact that such solutions have been introduced into the production of integrated circuits, the task of searching for new elements with high values of specific inductance is relevant. An alternative to coils and gyrators can be the effect of negative differential capacitance (i.e., inductive type impedance), which is observed in barrier structures based on silicon.The purpose of the work is to study the low-frequency impedance of Schottky diodes (Mo/n-Si) containing defects induced by α-particles irradiation and determination of the parameters of these defects by methods of low-frequency impedance spectroscopy and DLTS (Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy).Unpackaged Schottky diodes Mo/n-Si (epitaxial layer of 5.5 μm thickness and resistivity of 1 Ohm∙cm) produced by JSC “Integral” are studied. Inductance measurements were carried out on the as manufactured diodes and on the diodes irradiated with alpha particles (the maximum kinetic energy of an αparticle is 5.147 MeV). The impedance of inductive type of the Schottky diodes at the corresponding DC forward current of 10 µA were measured in the AC frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz. DLTS spectra were used to determine the parameters of radiation-induced defects. It is shown that irradiation of diodes with alpha particles produces three types of radiation-induced defects: A-centers with thermal activation energy of E1 ≈ 190 meV, divacancies with activation energies of E2 ≈ 230 meV and E3 ≈ 410 meV, and Ecenters with activation energy of E4 ≈ 440 meV measured relative to the bottom of c-band of silicon.
{"title":"Inductive Type Impedance of Mo/n-Si Barrier Structures Irradiated with Alpha Particles","authors":"N. Poklonski, A. Kovalev, K. V. Usenko, E. A. Ermakova, N. Gorbachuk, S. Lastovski","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-38-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-38-43","url":null,"abstract":"In silicon microelectronics, flat metal spirals are formed to create an integrated inductance. However, the maximum specific inductance of such spirals at low frequencies is limited to a value of the order of tens of microhenries per square centimeter. Gyrators, devices based on operational amplifiers with approximately the same specific inductance as spirals, are also used. Despite the fact that such solutions have been introduced into the production of integrated circuits, the task of searching for new elements with high values of specific inductance is relevant. An alternative to coils and gyrators can be the effect of negative differential capacitance (i.e., inductive type impedance), which is observed in barrier structures based on silicon.The purpose of the work is to study the low-frequency impedance of Schottky diodes (Mo/n-Si) containing defects induced by α-particles irradiation and determination of the parameters of these defects by methods of low-frequency impedance spectroscopy and DLTS (Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy).Unpackaged Schottky diodes Mo/n-Si (epitaxial layer of 5.5 μm thickness and resistivity of 1 Ohm∙cm) produced by JSC “Integral” are studied. Inductance measurements were carried out on the as manufactured diodes and on the diodes irradiated with alpha particles (the maximum kinetic energy of an αparticle is 5.147 MeV). The impedance of inductive type of the Schottky diodes at the corresponding DC forward current of 10 µA were measured in the AC frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz. DLTS spectra were used to determine the parameters of radiation-induced defects. It is shown that irradiation of diodes with alpha particles produces three types of radiation-induced defects: A-centers with thermal activation energy of E1 ≈ 190 meV, divacancies with activation energies of E2 ≈ 230 meV and E3 ≈ 410 meV, and Ecenters with activation energy of E4 ≈ 440 meV measured relative to the bottom of c-band of silicon.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87519930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-7-17
Lamaka A.A A.N. Sevchenko, A. Lamaka, A. V. Gutarau, N. G. Shcherbakou, P. V. Ivuts, A. N. Sevchenko
Study of the Earth’s surface objects reflectance characteristics with unmanned aerial vehicles is one of the most actual remote sensing trends. Aim of this work was to develop a method for obtaining of photospectral data using unmanned aerial spectrometry vehicle.An adaptation of the cameras spatial resolution evaluating technique based on a specialized target photographic fixation was proposed. A method for synchronizing of the camera and spectrometer of the videospectral device was also proposed. It was based on an experiment with spectra and screen images recording. Different colors were sequentially displayed on the screen. The percentage contribution of each of colors to the “mixed” spectra was calculated. So the out-of-sync time estimation became possible. In addition the work proposed the method for combining images and spectra with their merging into photospectral images. The method allows to consider the aircraft displacement when linking the spectrometer field of view to the RGB image. The way for photospectral images combining based on the images key points detectors was also proposed.Spatial resolutions for 3 aerial vehicle cameras were obtained. The study showed that the spatial resolution decrease of Zenmuse H20T caused by the device carrier movement with a speed of up to 5 m/s can be ignored. The videospectral device camera and spectrometer out-of-sync time was evaluated. An automatic merging of a set of images using key points detection was made. The spectrometry areas were linked to the panoramic image. The reflectance coefficients were obtained for each of the areas in the range of 350–900 nm. The areas to image linking accuracy was 84.9 ± 11.6 %.A discrepancy between the angular spatial resolution values got experimentally and theoretically was revealed as a result of the cameras spatial resolution evaluating. This indicates the importance of the imaging equipment spatial resolution experimental evaluation. The videospectral device spectrometer and observation camera out-of-sync time evaluation made it possible to correct the data recording time. This led to the timing error standard deviation reduction from 142 ms to 15 ms. The way for the unmanned aerial spectrometry vehicle data obtaining in a photospectral representation was developed. The proposed methods and techniques can be used in similar unmanned systems.
{"title":"Photospectral Data Obtaining with the Unmanned Aerial Spectrometry Vehicle","authors":"Lamaka A.A A.N. Sevchenko, A. Lamaka, A. V. Gutarau, N. G. Shcherbakou, P. V. Ivuts, A. N. Sevchenko","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-7-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-7-17","url":null,"abstract":"Study of the Earth’s surface objects reflectance characteristics with unmanned aerial vehicles is one of the most actual remote sensing trends. Aim of this work was to develop a method for obtaining of photospectral data using unmanned aerial spectrometry vehicle.An adaptation of the cameras spatial resolution evaluating technique based on a specialized target photographic fixation was proposed. A method for synchronizing of the camera and spectrometer of the videospectral device was also proposed. It was based on an experiment with spectra and screen images recording. Different colors were sequentially displayed on the screen. The percentage contribution of each of colors to the “mixed” spectra was calculated. So the out-of-sync time estimation became possible. In addition the work proposed the method for combining images and spectra with their merging into photospectral images. The method allows to consider the aircraft displacement when linking the spectrometer field of view to the RGB image. The way for photospectral images combining based on the images key points detectors was also proposed.Spatial resolutions for 3 aerial vehicle cameras were obtained. The study showed that the spatial resolution decrease of Zenmuse H20T caused by the device carrier movement with a speed of up to 5 m/s can be ignored. The videospectral device camera and spectrometer out-of-sync time was evaluated. An automatic merging of a set of images using key points detection was made. The spectrometry areas were linked to the panoramic image. The reflectance coefficients were obtained for each of the areas in the range of 350–900 nm. The areas to image linking accuracy was 84.9 ± 11.6 %.A discrepancy between the angular spatial resolution values got experimentally and theoretically was revealed as a result of the cameras spatial resolution evaluating. This indicates the importance of the imaging equipment spatial resolution experimental evaluation. The videospectral device spectrometer and observation camera out-of-sync time evaluation made it possible to correct the data recording time. This led to the timing error standard deviation reduction from 142 ms to 15 ms. The way for the unmanned aerial spectrometry vehicle data obtaining in a photospectral representation was developed. The proposed methods and techniques can be used in similar unmanned systems.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87199693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-18-26
U. A. Mikitsevich, A. Svistun, A. V. Samarina, K. Pantsialeyeu, A. Zharin
Measuring devices and systems containing sensors that require sinusoidal excitation are widely used in information and measurement technology both in production conditions and in research practice. Examples include various types of metal detectors, eddy current flaw detectors, analyzers of liquid media, electrometers with a dynamic capacitor, etc. The aim of the work was to develop the optimal architecture and algorithms for the operation of intelligent sensors intended for use in measuring systems operating according to the sinusoidal excitation – response scheme.This paper describes the approach proposed by the authors to the construction of intelligent sensors based on modern microcontrollers, the distinctive feature of which is the continuous generation of sinusoidal excitation and reading responses in the background, as well as setting the readiness flags for data processing in the main process of the microprocessor, which ensures uninterrupted execution of background processes, the main of which is the generation of a sinusoidal excitatory action.This approach has been tested in the development of charge-sensitive surface mapping systems, such as the Kelvin probe based on a vibrating capacitor, and the surface photo voltage probe for the case of semiconductors.
{"title":"Intelligent Sensor for Measurement Systems with Sinusoidal Excitation Response","authors":"U. A. Mikitsevich, A. Svistun, A. V. Samarina, K. Pantsialeyeu, A. Zharin","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-18-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-1-18-26","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring devices and systems containing sensors that require sinusoidal excitation are widely used in information and measurement technology both in production conditions and in research practice. Examples include various types of metal detectors, eddy current flaw detectors, analyzers of liquid media, electrometers with a dynamic capacitor, etc. The aim of the work was to develop the optimal architecture and algorithms for the operation of intelligent sensors intended for use in measuring systems operating according to the sinusoidal excitation – response scheme.This paper describes the approach proposed by the authors to the construction of intelligent sensors based on modern microcontrollers, the distinctive feature of which is the continuous generation of sinusoidal excitation and reading responses in the background, as well as setting the readiness flags for data processing in the main process of the microprocessor, which ensures uninterrupted execution of background processes, the main of which is the generation of a sinusoidal excitatory action.This approach has been tested in the development of charge-sensitive surface mapping systems, such as the Kelvin probe based on a vibrating capacitor, and the surface photo voltage probe for the case of semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72705929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2022-13-4-291-301
K. Pantsialeyeu, U. A. Mikitsevich, A. Svistun, R. Vorobey, O. Gusev, A. Zharin
Surface charge can be used as an information parameter about the change in the state of the material under the action of mechanical stresses. The aim of the work was to develop methods for studying deformation processes in metallic and polymeric materials using a charge-sensitive method.Experimental studies of deformation processes under tensile, compressive and impact loads were carried out on samples of various materials: aluminum alloy of AMg2 grade, steel of grade 08PS, high-pressure polyethylene of grade 12203-250 and samples of composite materials based on it, F4 polytetrafluoroethylene. As a research method, the analysis of changes in the relative values of the surface electron work function in the case of metals and the surface electrostatic potential in the case of polymers and composite materials is used. A scanning modification of a charge-sensitive probe is used as a measuring instrument.The results of experimental studies of materials in a stress-strain state demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed method. The research methodology makes it possible to detect local changes in the surface potential of the material in the area of deformations, which are not detected on a macroscopic scale using standard methods. The results obtained can serve as a basis for the development of new methods and techniques for studying the mechanical properties of both metals and dielectric materials.
{"title":"Charge-Sensitive Technique for Deformation Processes’ Study","authors":"K. Pantsialeyeu, U. A. Mikitsevich, A. Svistun, R. Vorobey, O. Gusev, A. Zharin","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2022-13-4-291-301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2022-13-4-291-301","url":null,"abstract":"Surface charge can be used as an information parameter about the change in the state of the material under the action of mechanical stresses. The aim of the work was to develop methods for studying deformation processes in metallic and polymeric materials using a charge-sensitive method.Experimental studies of deformation processes under tensile, compressive and impact loads were carried out on samples of various materials: aluminum alloy of AMg2 grade, steel of grade 08PS, high-pressure polyethylene of grade 12203-250 and samples of composite materials based on it, F4 polytetrafluoroethylene. As a research method, the analysis of changes in the relative values of the surface electron work function in the case of metals and the surface electrostatic potential in the case of polymers and composite materials is used. A scanning modification of a charge-sensitive probe is used as a measuring instrument.The results of experimental studies of materials in a stress-strain state demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed method. The research methodology makes it possible to detect local changes in the surface potential of the material in the area of deformations, which are not detected on a macroscopic scale using standard methods. The results obtained can serve as a basis for the development of new methods and techniques for studying the mechanical properties of both metals and dielectric materials. ","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80360006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2022-13-4-281-290
V. Nesterov
The paper presents a new view of vector physical quantities as multicomponent quantities. Each of the components of the mentioned multicomponent quantities can carry important and even unique information about the sources and causes of their occurrence. Looking at the vector quantity as the multicomponent quantity led to the need to form the corresponding conception. There are three positions of this conception in this paper, which are formulated as follows: vector multicomponent physical quantities are considered as functions of the set of their constituent information components; the communication functions of the specified information components in the models of multicomponent physical quantities are determined by the laws of vector algebra; information models of vector multicomponent physical quantities allow an alternative representation of information components depending on the selected coordinate system.The mathematical model of the vector multicomponent physical quantity is presented. This model is fundamental and directly follows from the positions of the conception formulated above. This model can be applied to describe multicomponent displacements and deformations that both simple and complex objects undergo. An example of the complex object can be the manipulator of the universal industrial robot. The space for modeling multicomponent displacements of simple objects was shown in the paper. Information models of vector multicomponent physical quantities allow one to alternatively represent informative components. And the task of constructing such models is complex and ambiguous. Therefore, the formal apparatus for the synthesis of such models, which is based on certain rules and conventions, was proposed in the paper. The theoretical foundations of the method of optical measurements of informative components of multicomponent displacements and deformations of simple objects, which involves the use of multidimensional test objects, are presented.
{"title":"Concept of Vector Multicomponent Physical Quantities, Models and Measurement Method","authors":"V. Nesterov","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2022-13-4-281-290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2022-13-4-281-290","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a new view of vector physical quantities as multicomponent quantities. Each of the components of the mentioned multicomponent quantities can carry important and even unique information about the sources and causes of their occurrence. Looking at the vector quantity as the multicomponent quantity led to the need to form the corresponding conception. There are three positions of this conception in this paper, which are formulated as follows: vector multicomponent physical quantities are considered as functions of the set of their constituent information components; the communication functions of the specified information components in the models of multicomponent physical quantities are determined by the laws of vector algebra; information models of vector multicomponent physical quantities allow an alternative representation of information components depending on the selected coordinate system.The mathematical model of the vector multicomponent physical quantity is presented. This model is fundamental and directly follows from the positions of the conception formulated above. This model can be applied to describe multicomponent displacements and deformations that both simple and complex objects undergo. An example of the complex object can be the manipulator of the universal industrial robot. The space for modeling multicomponent displacements of simple objects was shown in the paper. Information models of vector multicomponent physical quantities allow one to alternatively represent informative components. And the task of constructing such models is complex and ambiguous. Therefore, the formal apparatus for the synthesis of such models, which is based on certain rules and conventions, was proposed in the paper. The theoretical foundations of the method of optical measurements of informative components of multicomponent displacements and deformations of simple objects, which involves the use of multidimensional test objects, are presented.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85271115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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