Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1163/15700577-20221399
Alla V. Buiskikh, A. Naso
Three Etruscan bucchero kantharoi have recently been found in the North Pontic settlements at modern-day Berezan island (ancient Borysthenes), and Taganrog (ancient Kremnoi), both Milesian foundations of the 7th century BC. Both centres yielded several vessels of Greek pottery dated from the early 7th century onwards. As the only finds of Etruscan bucchero in the Northern Black Sea area, the kantharoi are noteworthy. Miletus founded several colonies in the Black Sea and yielded the largest collection of Etruscan bucchero pottery in the eastern Mediterranean, suggesting it may have played the role of a distribution centre for these goods to the North Pontic area.
{"title":"Etruscan Bucchero Pottery in the Northern Black Sea Littoral","authors":"Alla V. Buiskikh, A. Naso","doi":"10.1163/15700577-20221399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-20221399","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Three Etruscan bucchero kantharoi have recently been found in the North Pontic settlements at modern-day Berezan island (ancient Borysthenes), and Taganrog (ancient Kremnoi), both Milesian foundations of the 7th century BC. Both centres yielded several vessels of Greek pottery dated from the early 7th century onwards. As the only finds of Etruscan bucchero in the Northern Black Sea area, the kantharoi are noteworthy. Miletus founded several colonies in the Black Sea and yielded the largest collection of Etruscan bucchero pottery in the eastern Mediterranean, suggesting it may have played the role of a distribution centre for these goods to the North Pontic area.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46559663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1163/15700577-20221402
Vakhtang Licheli, R. Dan, P. Vitolo, T. Chogovadze, Andrea Cesaretti, Tornike Chilingarashvili, Tommaso Saccone, O. Gasparro
The present article is devoted to a new study of two archaeological complexes, Abuli and Shaori in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region of Georgia, that are known in the research literature. The sites discussed in this article have been visited and studied multiple times during the first three years of activities in the region in the frame of the Georgian-Italian Samtskhe-Javakheti Project. They have been carefully examined from both architectural and environmental perspectives and new hypotheses about their function have been proposed. Due to their unique geographical position and architectural features, the protohistoric fortified shelters of Abuli and Shaori may be considered exceptional archaeological sites not only in the archaeological panorama of Georgia but in the entire South Caucasus region.
{"title":"Cyclopean Fortresses, Royal Cities or Mountain Shelters?","authors":"Vakhtang Licheli, R. Dan, P. Vitolo, T. Chogovadze, Andrea Cesaretti, Tornike Chilingarashvili, Tommaso Saccone, O. Gasparro","doi":"10.1163/15700577-20221402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-20221402","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present article is devoted to a new study of two archaeological complexes, Abuli and Shaori in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region of Georgia, that are known in the research literature. The sites discussed in this article have been visited and studied multiple times during the first three years of activities in the region in the frame of the Georgian-Italian Samtskhe-Javakheti Project. They have been carefully examined from both architectural and environmental perspectives and new hypotheses about their function have been proposed. Due to their unique geographical position and architectural features, the protohistoric fortified shelters of Abuli and Shaori may be considered exceptional archaeological sites not only in the archaeological panorama of Georgia but in the entire South Caucasus region.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47599942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1163/15700577-20221404
Nikolaus G.O. Boroffka
{"title":"Khorezm. Istoriya otkrÿtiï i issledovaniï (po materialam arkhiva khorezmskoï ékspeditsii). Étnograficheskiï al’bom, written by I.A. Arzhantseva","authors":"Nikolaus G.O. Boroffka","doi":"10.1163/15700577-20221404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-20221404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43760964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1163/15700577-20221403
Salome Jamburia
In this article, I examine the evidence for the trade route coming into and passing through the South Caucasus in antiquity. The synthesis is undertaken in view of ancient literary sources, historical research and new archaeological evidence. The outcome reasserts the existence of the cross-border route in the South Caucasus. Further work should be undertaken to throw more light on the extent of this route and the role it played in ancient Eurasian society.
{"title":"Historic Premise of the Silk Roads in the South Caucasus","authors":"Salome Jamburia","doi":"10.1163/15700577-20221403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-20221403","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this article, I examine the evidence for the trade route coming into and passing through the South Caucasus in antiquity. The synthesis is undertaken in view of ancient literary sources, historical research and new archaeological evidence. The outcome reasserts the existence of the cross-border route in the South Caucasus. Further work should be undertaken to throw more light on the extent of this route and the role it played in ancient Eurasian society.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44021962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1163/15700577-20221400
M. Daragan, S. Polin
The Scythian barrows investigated near Vodoslavka in the Sivash region form a tribal burial-ground for one of the groups of the steppe population dating from the second and third quarters of the 4th century BC. In several barrows of this Scythian burial-ground, which contained burials of representatives of the local élite, a spectacular and most unusual set of gold items was discovered. These items served as decorations on the clothes and headdresses of the men and women buried there. The comparison of materials from Vodoslavka with finds from other élite Scythian kurgans of that time allowed the identification of a group of barrows, in which identical series of plaques and other decorative elements for clothing and headwear were found, including those made using one and the same matrix. The presence of gold in the Scythian burials could be regarded as an unmistakable marker of the high position within their community which the deceased had enjoyed. The specific range of categories of artistic objects made of gold, or decorated with gold, is assumed to have been different for men and women. This includes headdresses, torques and necklaces, rings, decorations for garments, vessels and so on: the combination of such items characterized the place of a specific individual in society. The female burials, which are similar in many respects, not only reflect the centres of power dominated by certain Scythian clans, but also demonstrate the existence of the shared hierarchical system of those clans, based in places far apart but all within the single territorial entity that was Scythia. The selection of images on the plaques of female headwear is worth noticing as well. It includes various mythical beasts: dragons, various types of griffins and sphinxes. Their depiction is virtually obligatory. All this clearly emphasises the specific status of the buried women and illustrates yet unknown themes of Scythian mythology and ideology.
{"title":"Golden Jewellery of the Vodoslavka Scythian Burial-Ground of the Second and Third Quarters of the 4th Century BC","authors":"M. Daragan, S. Polin","doi":"10.1163/15700577-20221400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-20221400","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Scythian barrows investigated near Vodoslavka in the Sivash region form a tribal burial-ground for one of the groups of the steppe population dating from the second and third quarters of the 4th century BC. In several barrows of this Scythian burial-ground, which contained burials of representatives of the local élite, a spectacular and most unusual set of gold items was discovered. These items served as decorations on the clothes and headdresses of the men and women buried there. The comparison of materials from Vodoslavka with finds from other élite Scythian kurgans of that time allowed the identification of a group of barrows, in which identical series of plaques and other decorative elements for clothing and headwear were found, including those made using one and the same matrix. The presence of gold in the Scythian burials could be regarded as an unmistakable marker of the high position within their community which the deceased had enjoyed. The specific range of categories of artistic objects made of gold, or decorated with gold, is assumed to have been different for men and women. This includes headdresses, torques and necklaces, rings, decorations for garments, vessels and so on: the combination of such items characterized the place of a specific individual in society. The female burials, which are similar in many respects, not only reflect the centres of power dominated by certain Scythian clans, but also demonstrate the existence of the shared hierarchical system of those clans, based in places far apart but all within the single territorial entity that was Scythia. The selection of images on the plaques of female headwear is worth noticing as well. It includes various mythical beasts: dragons, various types of griffins and sphinxes. Their depiction is virtually obligatory. All this clearly emphasises the specific status of the buried women and illustrates yet unknown themes of Scythian mythology and ideology.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46386889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341397
B. Lyonnet, M. Fontugne
The article reconsiders two major sites of the 1st millennium BC in southern Uzbekistan, Kyzyltepa and Kurganzol. It contests their recent dating – exclusively the Achaemenid and transitional Hellenistic period for the first one, and the end of the 4th c. BC for the second one – mainly based upon dendrochronological analyses relating the samples to the time of Alexander the Great’s conquest or slightly before, and ruling out the other dates given to these sites in previous publications. Our argumentation is based upon (1) various archaeological arguments and (2) scientific criteria that question the dendrochronological data and the supposed aging of the 14C results due to “old waters” from glaciers.
{"title":"Back to the Iron Age Chronology in Southern Central Asia","authors":"B. Lyonnet, M. Fontugne","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341397","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article reconsiders two major sites of the 1st millennium BC in southern Uzbekistan, Kyzyltepa and Kurganzol. It contests their recent dating – exclusively the Achaemenid and transitional Hellenistic period for the first one, and the end of the 4th c. BC for the second one – mainly based upon dendrochronological analyses relating the samples to the time of Alexander the Great’s conquest or slightly before, and ruling out the other dates given to these sites in previous publications. Our argumentation is based upon (1) various archaeological arguments and (2) scientific criteria that question the dendrochronological data and the supposed aging of the 14C results due to “old waters” from glaciers.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49197163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.1163/15700577-02702007
{"title":"Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/15700577-02702007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-02702007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64402150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341395
M. Castelluccia
This paper presents a review of metal quivers, which belong to a category of metal objects found in Iron Age archaeological contexts in the Ancient Near East, especially in the variegate cultures living in the mountainous highlands bordering Mesopotamia. Each cultural sphere is considered separately, focusing on material brought to light during archaeological excavations. An analysis of different traditions allows comparison of these artifacts in order to detect evidence of contacts and reciprocal influences between different cultural regions, which strongly interacted during the first half of the Iron Age.
{"title":"Metal Quivers from Western Asia","authors":"M. Castelluccia","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341395","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper presents a review of metal quivers, which belong to a category of metal objects found in Iron Age archaeological contexts in the Ancient Near East, especially in the variegate cultures living in the mountainous highlands bordering Mesopotamia. Each cultural sphere is considered separately, focusing on material brought to light during archaeological excavations. An analysis of different traditions allows comparison of these artifacts in order to detect evidence of contacts and reciprocal influences between different cultural regions, which strongly interacted during the first half of the Iron Age.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45155236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341393
M. Abramzon, I. Tunkina
This article is the publication of the plates compiled by N.N. Murzakevich, secretary of the Odessa Society for History and Antiquities. It contains tracings of 241 Classical coins and lists of coin finds from the island of Fidonisi (known as Leuke in antiquity), which had been excavated in the 1840s and early 1850s. Recent data have led to a doubling of the list of Greek centres (up to 202) and the rulers of a number of states and peoples, whose coins made their way to the island. Details of these finds and the dates of the emissions illustrate clearly the development and chronological framework of the religious and economic ties between the northern coast of Pontus with the various regions of the Classical oikumene. The geographical range of the coin finds (from Magna Graecia, Sicily and the Levant to the Aegean, the Balkans, the Pontic region and Asia and as far away as Mesopotamia) demonstrates that the sanctuary of Achilles on the island of Leuke situated at a meeting point of Black Sea trade routes, enjoyed enormous popularity in the Classical world. The publication of these plates compiled by N.N. Murzakevich makes available new information on the maritime trade in the Pontus area between the 5th century BC and the 5th century AD.
{"title":"Visitors to Leuke Island","authors":"M. Abramzon, I. Tunkina","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341393","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article is the publication of the plates compiled by N.N. Murzakevich, secretary of the Odessa Society for History and Antiquities. It contains tracings of 241 Classical coins and lists of coin finds from the island of Fidonisi (known as Leuke in antiquity), which had been excavated in the 1840s and early 1850s. Recent data have led to a doubling of the list of Greek centres (up to 202) and the rulers of a number of states and peoples, whose coins made their way to the island. Details of these finds and the dates of the emissions illustrate clearly the development and chronological framework of the religious and economic ties between the northern coast of Pontus with the various regions of the Classical oikumene. The geographical range of the coin finds (from Magna Graecia, Sicily and the Levant to the Aegean, the Balkans, the Pontic region and Asia and as far away as Mesopotamia) demonstrates that the sanctuary of Achilles on the island of Leuke situated at a meeting point of Black Sea trade routes, enjoyed enormous popularity in the Classical world. The publication of these plates compiled by N.N. Murzakevich makes available new information on the maritime trade in the Pontus area between the 5th century BC and the 5th century AD.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41627154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341394
S. Monakhov
Burial-mound No. 8 in the necropolis of the Elizavetovskoye fortified settlement. The dates assigned to 14 amphorae found in the dromos are constantly argued over by scholars. When traditional methods of chronology are used, it emerges that some of the amphorae should be assigned to the 350s BC, and others to the 330s–320s BC. Recently N.F. Fedoseev attempted to explain this difference in dating of various stamps by stating that the two burials had been laid out in the burial-mound at different times and that, as a result, the amphorae had also been placed in the dromos at different times. Analysis of the assemblage of amphorae against a background of new sources has made it possible to assume with confidence that both burials in the burial-chamber of the Five Brothers’ Burial-mound No. 8 had been of the same date and that this spectacular monument should be dated to the second half of the 350s BC or to the 350/340s BC.
{"title":"Once More on the Dating of the “Royal” Five Brothers’ Burial Mound No. 8","authors":"S. Monakhov","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341394","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Burial-mound No. 8 in the necropolis of the Elizavetovskoye fortified settlement. The dates assigned to 14 amphorae found in the dromos are constantly argued over by scholars. When traditional methods of chronology are used, it emerges that some of the amphorae should be assigned to the 350s BC, and others to the 330s–320s BC. Recently N.F. Fedoseev attempted to explain this difference in dating of various stamps by stating that the two burials had been laid out in the burial-mound at different times and that, as a result, the amphorae had also been placed in the dromos at different times. Analysis of the assemblage of amphorae against a background of new sources has made it possible to assume with confidence that both burials in the burial-chamber of the Five Brothers’ Burial-mound No. 8 had been of the same date and that this spectacular monument should be dated to the second half of the 350s BC or to the 350/340s BC.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45585821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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