Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341374
A. Coşkun
A broad literary tradition accounts for the transfer of Magna Mater (in the shape of a meteorite) from Pessinus to Rome in 205 BCE. The evidence includes many details regarding the mythical aetiology and institutional organization of the cult. However, our main source, Livy 29.10.4-29.11.8 & 29.14.5-14, is viewed with ever growing suspicion, partly due to contradictions with other witnesses, partly because the scarce archaeological material from Pessinus that predates the 2nd century BC does not support the claim of a Phrygian cult centre. Latest research demonstrates that Livy does not, in fact, require a glorious Phrygian past of the site, but rather provides substantial clues pointing to the agency of Attalos I of Pergamon, as does Strabo (12.5.3). This king was not simply a mediator between Rome and Pessinus, but appears to have played a most active role in diverting the Roman quest to inland Anatolia and in shaping the cult of Kybele and Attis both in the valley of the Gallos and on the banks of the Tiber.
{"title":"Über den Hintergrund der Verbreitung des Kybele-Kultes im Westen der Mittelmeerwelt","authors":"A. Coşkun","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341374","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A broad literary tradition accounts for the transfer of Magna Mater (in the shape of a meteorite) from Pessinus to Rome in 205 BCE. The evidence includes many details regarding the mythical aetiology and institutional organization of the cult. However, our main source, Livy 29.10.4-29.11.8 & 29.14.5-14, is viewed with ever growing suspicion, partly due to contradictions with other witnesses, partly because the scarce archaeological material from Pessinus that predates the 2nd century BC does not support the claim of a Phrygian cult centre. Latest research demonstrates that Livy does not, in fact, require a glorious Phrygian past of the site, but rather provides substantial clues pointing to the agency of Attalos I of Pergamon, as does Strabo (12.5.3). This king was not simply a mediator between Rome and Pessinus, but appears to have played a most active role in diverting the Roman quest to inland Anatolia and in shaping the cult of Kybele and Attis both in the valley of the Gallos and on the banks of the Tiber.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47239879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341368
P. Donec
The author discusses reasons for the scientific interest on the definition of “border / borderland / boundary” in many research-fields, various types of which are described in the article. It is suggested that at least two of them – “threshold” and “mixed zone” – are significantly marked by processes of syn-/ and dysergy. For this reason, the category of “border / borderland / boundary” should be included into the terminological instrumentarium of synergetics and systems theory.
{"title":"Grenzland als Synergie- und Dysergiezone","authors":"P. Donec","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341368","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The author discusses reasons for the scientific interest on the definition of “border / borderland / boundary” in many research-fields, various types of which are described in the article. It is suggested that at least two of them – “threshold” and “mixed zone” – are significantly marked by processes of syn-/ and dysergy. For this reason, the category of “border / borderland / boundary” should be included into the terminological instrumentarium of synergetics and systems theory.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42441662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341370
Christopher Ulf
The concept of contacts zones, as developed in Ulf 2009, employs differentiating factors to embed the actors involved in the transfers of goods and ideas in their cultural and socio-political environments. Power exerted between people who transfer goods and ideas and those who receive them, is decisive for how receptivity is shaped by their recipients. To discover where power is situated in the complex processes of intercultural interactions, this paper leads attention to the societal characteristics that have an impact on the cultural actors. Referring to the change from the Greek enoikismoi within the scattered settlements of the local population(s) in the hinterland between the Gulf of Taranto and Brindisi to the emergence of recognizable Greek settlements along the coastline from the 8th to the 7th century BC, the example of the feast is chosen to highlight the accompanying change of the scale of power and its exertion. In the terminology of contact zones, a dense contact zone lacking a dominant partner turns into a Middle Ground. From the definition of the various contact zones derives, that the receptivity changed from free adaptation of so far unknown cultural elements to their own intentions and needs to conscious and intentional misunderstandings of the other’s cultural forms and behaviour to gain advantage over the exchange partner. Thus power is a growing factor in their relationship and becomes the more important when the Middle Ground is replaced by a dense zone of contact where one partner is able to dominate. Thereby, it becomes clear that the relationships in cultural transfers are not tied up with ethnic conditions or cultural superiority and inferiority, but determined by the type of contact zones which in turn are characterized by the tools of power involved.
{"title":"The Impact of Power on Contact Zones and Receptivity","authors":"Christopher Ulf","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341370","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The concept of contacts zones, as developed in Ulf 2009, employs differentiating factors to embed the actors involved in the transfers of goods and ideas in their cultural and socio-political environments. Power exerted between people who transfer goods and ideas and those who receive them, is decisive for how receptivity is shaped by their recipients. To discover where power is situated in the complex processes of intercultural interactions, this paper leads attention to the societal characteristics that have an impact on the cultural actors. Referring to the change from the Greek enoikismoi within the scattered settlements of the local population(s) in the hinterland between the Gulf of Taranto and Brindisi to the emergence of recognizable Greek settlements along the coastline from the 8th to the 7th century BC, the example of the feast is chosen to highlight the accompanying change of the scale of power and its exertion. In the terminology of contact zones, a dense contact zone lacking a dominant partner turns into a Middle Ground. From the definition of the various contact zones derives, that the receptivity changed from free adaptation of so far unknown cultural elements to their own intentions and needs to conscious and intentional misunderstandings of the other’s cultural forms and behaviour to gain advantage over the exchange partner. Thus power is a growing factor in their relationship and becomes the more important when the Middle Ground is replaced by a dense zone of contact where one partner is able to dominate. Thereby, it becomes clear that the relationships in cultural transfers are not tied up with ethnic conditions or cultural superiority and inferiority, but determined by the type of contact zones which in turn are characterized by the tools of power involved.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43615270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341381
E. Istvánovits, V. Kulcsár
The Jazygi, the westernmost tribe of the steppe Sarmatian coalition, migrated to the Great Hungarian Plain in the 1st century AD followed by several later waves. Their material culture changed in some generations, for they arrived into a completely new political and geographical environment and were separated from their steppe relatives. For several generations Hungarian scholarship has been dealing with a search for the eastern roots of the Alföld Sarmatians. Our study summarises this research, dealing also with some cultural phenomena imported from the Romans and with the possible ways of re-interpretation of the foreign ideas.
{"title":"Sarmatians on the Borders of the Roman Empire","authors":"E. Istvánovits, V. Kulcsár","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341381","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Jazygi, the westernmost tribe of the steppe Sarmatian coalition, migrated to the Great Hungarian Plain in the 1st century AD followed by several later waves. Their material culture changed in some generations, for they arrived into a completely new political and geographical environment and were separated from their steppe relatives. For several generations Hungarian scholarship has been dealing with a search for the eastern roots of the Alföld Sarmatians. Our study summarises this research, dealing also with some cultural phenomena imported from the Romans and with the possible ways of re-interpretation of the foreign ideas.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43950822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341378
Vakhtang Licheli
The multilayer archaeological site Grakliani hill is located in one of the main contact zones of Transcaucasia. It shows a very intensive level of communication with other cultures from the 2nd millenium BC till the 3rd century BC and a high level of development of Kartli (Iberia Caucasica) society. Two inscriptions made in unknown script (probably a local version of Aramaic script) were discovered in a shrine of the 11th-9th centuries BC. A group of weights and tokens, also of the 11th-9th centuries BC was discovered in the excavations of Grakliani Hill and the satellite site of Tsina Gora. The Achaemenid period remains are also of special interest, including Greek style architecture details.
{"title":"Intellectual Innovations in Georgia (11th-9th Centuries BC)","authors":"Vakhtang Licheli","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341378","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The multilayer archaeological site Grakliani hill is located in one of the main contact zones of Transcaucasia. It shows a very intensive level of communication with other cultures from the 2nd millenium BC till the 3rd century BC and a high level of development of Kartli (Iberia Caucasica) society. Two inscriptions made in unknown script (probably a local version of Aramaic script) were discovered in a shrine of the 11th-9th centuries BC. A group of weights and tokens, also of the 11th-9th centuries BC was discovered in the excavations of Grakliani Hill and the satellite site of Tsina Gora. The Achaemenid period remains are also of special interest, including Greek style architecture details.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49097486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341382
C. Tica
The aim of this research is to employ osteobiography as a means of learning about individuals in the past. Osteobiography entails a life-history approach in the analysis of skeletal human remains. Two groups that have been characterized in the literature as ‘Romans’ and ‘barbarians’ were analyzed by the author. The research questions used skeletal remains to address how the daily life of people under Roman control compared to that of their neighbors to the north, the ‘barbarians’. Looking at two contemporaneous populations from the territory of modern Romania and dating from the 3rd to the 6th centuries AD, the study examines pathological conditions and traumatic injuries, in order to gain a better understanding of the general quality of life for these individuals. One collection comes from the site of Ibida (Slava Rusă) from the Roman province of Scythia Minor, and the other originates from the Târgşor site, located to the north of the Danube frontier, in what was considered the ‘barbaricum’ (the land beyond Roman administrative control).1 For the purposes of this article, two individuals from each group were selected and are presented in depth herein.
{"title":"Osteobiographies at the Edge of Empire","authors":"C. Tica","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341382","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The aim of this research is to employ osteobiography as a means of learning about individuals in the past. Osteobiography entails a life-history approach in the analysis of skeletal human remains. Two groups that have been characterized in the literature as ‘Romans’ and ‘barbarians’ were analyzed by the author. The research questions used skeletal remains to address how the daily life of people under Roman control compared to that of their neighbors to the north, the ‘barbarians’. Looking at two contemporaneous populations from the territory of modern Romania and dating from the 3rd to the 6th centuries AD, the study examines pathological conditions and traumatic injuries, in order to gain a better understanding of the general quality of life for these individuals. One collection comes from the site of Ibida (Slava Rusă) from the Roman province of Scythia Minor, and the other originates from the Târgşor site, located to the north of the Danube frontier, in what was considered the ‘barbaricum’ (the land beyond Roman administrative control).1 For the purposes of this article, two individuals from each group were selected and are presented in depth herein.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45850716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341364
Finn Schreiber
{"title":"Game Drives of the Aralo-Caspian Region, written by Vadim N. Yagodin, translated by W. Paul van Pelt and edited by W. Paul van Pelt and Alison Betts","authors":"Finn Schreiber","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341364","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42800942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341360
P. Dupont, V. Lungu
Alongside its programme of chemical analyses of Archaic East Greek pottery, the Lyon Laboratory for Archaeometry has also looked into the field of Anatolian wares, first of all through additional samples from Lydian Sardis and from Kelainai, as well as with a small collection from Daskyleion. The results obtained enriched our data bank of valuable references on these sites and led to useful comparisons with the Greek settlements of Old Smyrna and Ephesus, both in close relationships with the Lydian sphere.
{"title":"Lydian Sardis and Its Sphere of Influence in the Light of Laboratory Analysis Results","authors":"P. Dupont, V. Lungu","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341360","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Alongside its programme of chemical analyses of Archaic East Greek pottery, the Lyon Laboratory for Archaeometry has also looked into the field of Anatolian wares, first of all through additional samples from Lydian Sardis and from Kelainai, as well as with a small collection from Daskyleion. The results obtained enriched our data bank of valuable references on these sites and led to useful comparisons with the Greek settlements of Old Smyrna and Ephesus, both in close relationships with the Lydian sphere.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43736164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341365
{"title":"Books Received","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341365","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45577319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341359
A. V. Lysenko, Vyacheslav V. Masyakin
This article is the publication of a suspended moveable weight for fast scales wrought in the shape of the bust of a Roman emperor which was found within the sanctuary of Eklizi-Burun. The cult place dates from between the Early Roman to the Late Medieval Period. The item is of good quality and well preserved. The depiction of the emperor has a combination of features which permit identification with Tiberius Claudius Nero (AD 14-37). It is an example of the Chiaramonti type distributed in the last decade of Tiberius’ rule and also reproduced after the Emperor’s death. After bringing together the available information about the artefact (date, attitudes to ‘Roman Imperial’ material culture, nature of the find’s context), the authors conclude that the fast scales, of which the weight under discussion formed a part, reached Southern Taurica during the Roman-Bosporan War (AD 45-49). The scales were probably captured by Taurians/Scytho-Taurians from Roman soldiers and then offered to the sanctuary. It is possible that they had been on one of the ships transporting Romans (soldiers of Gaius Julius Aquila stationed in the Bythinia-and-Pontus Province?) in AD 49 along the sea coast, sailing westwards from the Bosporan kingdom. These ships were cast on to the ‘Taurian beach’ by a storm and plundered by the native population (Tac. Ann. XII. 17). One of the possible locations of that event could be Plaka Cape (ancient Lampas), which is situated 17.5 kilometres directly south of the Eklizi-Burun sanctuary.
{"title":"A Roman Figured Weight from the Sanctuary of Eklizi-Burun (Southern Crimea)","authors":"A. V. Lysenko, Vyacheslav V. Masyakin","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341359","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article is the publication of a suspended moveable weight for fast scales wrought in the shape of the bust of a Roman emperor which was found within the sanctuary of Eklizi-Burun. The cult place dates from between the Early Roman to the Late Medieval Period. The item is of good quality and well preserved. The depiction of the emperor has a combination of features which permit identification with Tiberius Claudius Nero (AD 14-37). It is an example of the Chiaramonti type distributed in the last decade of Tiberius’ rule and also reproduced after the Emperor’s death. After bringing together the available information about the artefact (date, attitudes to ‘Roman Imperial’ material culture, nature of the find’s context), the authors conclude that the fast scales, of which the weight under discussion formed a part, reached Southern Taurica during the Roman-Bosporan War (AD 45-49). The scales were probably captured by Taurians/Scytho-Taurians from Roman soldiers and then offered to the sanctuary. It is possible that they had been on one of the ships transporting Romans (soldiers of Gaius Julius Aquila stationed in the Bythinia-and-Pontus Province?) in AD 49 along the sea coast, sailing westwards from the Bosporan kingdom. These ships were cast on to the ‘Taurian beach’ by a storm and plundered by the native population (Tac. Ann. XII. 17). One of the possible locations of that event could be Plaka Cape (ancient Lampas), which is situated 17.5 kilometres directly south of the Eklizi-Burun sanctuary.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48213625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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