Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.5
V. Bachynskyi, Kyrylo Shilan
In conducting a forensic medical examination of a corpse, in cases of acute blood loss, the decisive issue for investigators is to establish the amount of lost blood. However, this often remains a difficult task, since in the absence of a suitable quantitative system for measuring the volume of blood loss, forensic medical experts have to be guided by well-known morphological signs, which can be quite subjective. In conducting a forensic medical examination of a corpse, in cases of acute blood loss, the decisive issue for investigators is to establish the amount of lost blood. Therefore, it is important to find and develop new digital methods for determining the degree of blood loss. In order to solve this problem, the application of the method of multiparametric differential Mueller-matrix tomography of human biological tissues is proposed. Aim of the work. To develop a set of forensic criteria for the accurate determination of the volume of blood loss based on the data of differential Mueller-matrix tomography of histological sections of biological tissues with a fibrillar morphological structure. Materials and methods. Tissues with a fibrillar morphological structure (rectus abdominis muscle, skin) were collected from 60 cadavers of both sexes with varying degrees of blood loss from0 mm3to2500 mm3.The research was carried out by polarizing microscopy of histological sections of biological tissues in the standard location of the laser polarimeter. Results. Experimental measurements of distribution maps of linear birefringence of tissue sections with a fibrillar morphological structure with different degrees of blood loss were carried out. A linear range of changes in the magnitude of statistical moments of the 1st to 4th orders was established, which is associated with the degradation of linear birefringence of fibrillar networks of biological tissues. Conclusions. The effectiveness of applying the method of differential Mueller-matrix tomography of polycrystalline LD of the optically anisotropic component of structured biological tissues to changes in the level of blood loss of the deceased has been demonstrated. The sensitivity range ∆V=0÷1000 mm3 of this method is established.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL MULLER-MATRIX TOMOGRAPHY OF HISTOLOGICAL SECTIONS OF STRUCTURED BIOLOGICAL HUMAN TISSUES TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF BLOOD LOSS","authors":"V. Bachynskyi, Kyrylo Shilan","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"In conducting a forensic medical examination of a corpse, in cases of acute blood loss, the decisive issue for investigators is to establish the amount of lost blood. However, this often remains a difficult task, since in the absence of a suitable quantitative system for measuring the volume of blood loss, forensic medical experts have to be guided by well-known morphological signs, which can be quite subjective. In conducting a forensic medical examination of a corpse, in cases of acute blood loss, the decisive issue for investigators is to establish the amount of lost blood. Therefore, it is important to find and develop new digital methods for determining the degree of blood loss. In order to solve this problem, the application of the method of multiparametric differential Mueller-matrix tomography of human biological tissues is proposed. \u0000Aim of the work. To develop a set of forensic criteria for the accurate determination of the volume of blood loss based on the data of differential Mueller-matrix tomography of histological sections of biological tissues with a fibrillar morphological structure. \u0000Materials and methods. Tissues with a fibrillar morphological structure (rectus abdominis muscle, skin) were collected from 60 cadavers of both sexes with varying degrees of blood loss from0 mm3to2500 mm3.The research was carried out by polarizing microscopy of histological sections of biological tissues in the standard location of the laser polarimeter. \u0000Results. Experimental measurements of distribution maps of linear birefringence of tissue sections with a fibrillar morphological structure with different degrees of blood loss were carried out. A linear range of changes in the magnitude of statistical moments of the 1st to 4th orders was established, which is associated with the degradation of linear birefringence of fibrillar networks of biological tissues. \u0000Conclusions. The effectiveness of applying the method of differential Mueller-matrix tomography of polycrystalline LD of the optically anisotropic component of structured biological tissues to changes in the level of blood loss of the deceased has been demonstrated. The sensitivity range ∆V=0÷1000 mm3 of this method is established.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128989211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.4
V. Bachynskyi, Y. Sarkisova
Given the current state of affairs in practical forensic medicine and the considerable amount of scientific research on the exact determination of the postmortem interval, we conclude that the determination of the time since death is a key problem, but not yet sufficiently solved. Accurately estimating the time since death is critical to many investigations and remains one of the most challenging variables. Carrying out an accurate determination of the time of death is important using a complex approach, since solving this problem requires taking into account all aspects of thanatogenesis, the influence of environmental factors and other circumstances of the case. This leads to an increase in the popularity of global research involving the latest advances in medicine, chemistry, physics and forensics. The use of comprehensive research allows us to come closer to establishing the approximate range of the time since death. Aim of the work. Development of a complex of objective forensic medical criteria to improve the possibilities of accurately determining the time since death over a long period of time by using multidimensional polarization and autofluorescence microscopy of the human vitreous body. Materials and methods. The object of the study were samples of human vitreous body, deceased from cardiovascular pathology, with a known time of death. The following research methods were used: Mueller-matrix mapping, microscopic polarization tomography, spectral-selective laser-induced autofluorescence, statistical and wavelet analysis of the results of experimental data. Results. The significant effectiveness of the proposed methods in accurately determining the time of death has been demonstrated. In particular, polarization microscopic tomography using scale-selective wavelet analysis of distributions of linear birefringence of human vitreousbody layers provides a diagnostic range for determining the time since death of 36 hours with an accuracy of up to 14-16 minutes, which was not achieved by any of the existing laser polarization methods. At the same time, the combination of polarization tomography of biological tissues with spectral-selective laser fluorescence microscopy – one of the most sensitive methods,due to the assessment of the concentration parameters of molecules, opens a new window of possibilities and establishing the time since death and diagnosis of various pathological conditions. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of this technique and show the diagnostic range of determining the time since death of 36 hours with an accuracy of up to 15-20 minutes. Conclusions. The innovative approach proposed in the scientific study makes a significant contribution to the development of forensic medical examination, providing more accurate and reliable identification of the time since death, which can be useful in criminal investigations and in solving other forensic tasks.
{"title":"POSSIBILITIES OF DETERMINING THE TIME SINCE DEATH USING THE METHODS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POLARIZATION AND AUTOFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY OF THE HUMAN VITREOUS BODY","authors":"V. Bachynskyi, Y. Sarkisova","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"Given the current state of affairs in practical forensic medicine and the considerable amount of scientific research on the exact determination of the postmortem interval, we conclude that the determination of the time since death is a key problem, but not yet sufficiently solved. Accurately estimating the time since death is critical to many investigations and remains one of the most challenging variables. \u0000Carrying out an accurate determination of the time of death is important using a complex approach, since solving this problem requires taking into account all aspects of thanatogenesis, the influence of environmental factors and other circumstances of the case. This leads to an increase in the popularity of global research involving the latest advances in medicine, chemistry, physics and forensics. The use of comprehensive research allows us to come closer to establishing the approximate range of the time since death. \u0000Aim of the work. Development of a complex of objective forensic medical criteria to improve the possibilities of accurately determining the time since death over a long period of time by using multidimensional polarization and autofluorescence microscopy of the human vitreous body. \u0000Materials and methods. The object of the study were samples of human vitreous body, deceased from cardiovascular pathology, with a known time of death. \u0000The following research methods were used: Mueller-matrix mapping, microscopic polarization tomography, spectral-selective laser-induced autofluorescence, statistical and wavelet analysis of the results of experimental data. \u0000Results. The significant effectiveness of the proposed methods in accurately determining the time of death has been demonstrated. In particular, polarization microscopic tomography using scale-selective wavelet analysis of distributions of linear birefringence of human vitreousbody layers provides a diagnostic range for determining the time since death of 36 hours with an accuracy of up to 14-16 minutes, which was not achieved by any of the existing laser polarization methods. At the same time, the combination of polarization tomography of biological tissues with spectral-selective laser fluorescence microscopy – one of the most sensitive methods,due to the assessment of the concentration parameters of molecules, opens a new window of possibilities and establishing the time since death and diagnosis of various pathological conditions. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of this technique and show the diagnostic range of determining the time since death of 36 hours with an accuracy of up to 15-20 minutes. \u0000Conclusions. The innovative approach proposed in the scientific study makes a significant contribution to the development of forensic medical examination, providing more accurate and reliable identification of the time since death, which can be useful in criminal investigations and in solving other forensic tasks.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127986815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.6
Yu. G. Zmiyevska, Іvan Savka, Ihor Baluk, V. Hryniuk, Andrii Bizer
Implementation of up-to-date evidenced-based research methods is rather important in the process of conducting forensic expertise. One of them is 3D-modeling of body injuries of various genesis. The method has been widely applied into theory and practice of forensic medicine both by Ukrainian and foreign scientists. The article demonstrates new possibilities during making differential diagnostics of a traumatic tool type, which become informative due to the application of 3D modeling in the process of examination of injuries from firearms or other weapon approximate to it by its characteristics. Aim of the work. To improve the process of forensic differential diagnostics of the type of a traumatic tool by means of 3D-modelling of body injuries caused by small-caliber firearms or other weapon approximate to it by its characteristics, to create opportunities for the implementation of 3D-modelling techniques in the everyday practical work of forensic medical experts and forensic criminologists with the possibility of further adding the obtained results to the materials of criminal proceedings. Materials and methods. The material of the research was the results of experimental study when fired from small-caliber firearms and a gun for firing Flaubert cartridges. At the same time, measurements were made both by traditional measuring technique and in the process of 3D-modeling of the entrance gunshot wound on the skin of a pig and on the side of the subcutaneous fat tissue and the wound channel at its various intervals in ballistic plasticine Roma Plastilina №1, produced in the USA, used for ballistic tests according to NIJ, HOSDB standards. The results obtained were processed by means of the common methods of variation statistics applicable in medicine. Results. The study presents the major parameters and determines interdependence between the parameters when fired from a gun for firing Flaubert cartridges and small-caliber firearms, and morphological signs of gunshot injuries. Direct moderate and strong correlations are found between the initial speed, kinetic and specific energy of the bullet, and the length of the wound channel, diameter of the entrance wound, diameter of the wound channel in its middle portion and on exit measured by means of traditional measuring methods and those discovered in the process of their 3D-modeling (р≤0,05). Conclusions. The use of modern 3D-modeling techniques in the practice of forensic medical examination makes it possible to create 3D-models of both individual components of gunshot damage and the wound channel as a whole. At the same time, it becomes possible to study individual elements of gunshot damage and measure their sizes with significantly increased accuracy, store and re-analyze them if necessary. As a result, we get an improvement in the process of performing forensic medical examinations in cases of gunshot injuries with the possibility of conducting differential diagnosis of the type of traumatic
{"title":"THE APPLICABLE VALUE OF 3D MODELING IN THE ASPECT OF FORENSIC MEDICAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF THE TYPE OF A TRAUMATIC TOOL IN INJURIES FROM FIREARMS AND APPROXIMATE TO IT BY ITS CHARACTERISTICS","authors":"Yu. G. Zmiyevska, Іvan Savka, Ihor Baluk, V. Hryniuk, Andrii Bizer","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation of up-to-date evidenced-based research methods is rather important in the process of conducting forensic expertise. One of them is 3D-modeling of body injuries of various genesis. The method has been widely applied into theory and practice of forensic medicine both by Ukrainian and foreign scientists. The article demonstrates new possibilities during making differential diagnostics of a traumatic tool type, which become informative due to the application of 3D modeling in the process of examination of injuries from firearms or other weapon approximate to it by its characteristics. \u0000Aim of the work. To improve the process of forensic differential diagnostics of the type of a traumatic tool by means of 3D-modelling of body injuries caused by small-caliber firearms or other weapon approximate to it by its characteristics, to create opportunities for the implementation of 3D-modelling techniques in the everyday practical work of forensic medical experts and forensic criminologists with the possibility of further adding the obtained results to the materials of criminal proceedings. \u0000Materials and methods. The material of the research was the results of experimental study when fired from small-caliber firearms and a gun for firing Flaubert cartridges. At the same time, measurements were made both by traditional measuring technique and in the process of 3D-modeling of the entrance gunshot wound on the skin of a pig and on the side of the subcutaneous fat tissue and the wound channel at its various intervals in ballistic plasticine Roma Plastilina №1, produced in the USA, used for ballistic tests according to NIJ, HOSDB standards. The results obtained were processed by means of the common methods of variation statistics applicable in medicine. \u0000Results. The study presents the major parameters and determines interdependence between the parameters when fired from a gun for firing Flaubert cartridges and small-caliber firearms, and morphological signs of gunshot injuries. Direct moderate and strong correlations are found between the initial speed, kinetic and specific energy of the bullet, and the length of the wound channel, diameter of the entrance wound, diameter of the wound channel in its middle portion and on exit measured by means of traditional measuring methods and those discovered in the process of their 3D-modeling (р≤0,05). \u0000Conclusions. The use of modern 3D-modeling techniques in the practice of forensic medical examination makes it possible to create 3D-models of both individual components of gunshot damage and the wound channel as a whole. \u0000At the same time, it becomes possible to study individual elements of gunshot damage and measure their sizes with significantly increased accuracy, store and re-analyze them if necessary. \u0000As a result, we get an improvement in the process of performing forensic medical examinations in cases of gunshot injuries with the possibility of conducting differential diagnosis of the type of traumatic","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124985178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.2
O. Hurov, A. Antonov, Volodymyr Shilan, Natalia Surhai, Tetiana Uzbek
Автори провели дослідження сучасного стану судово-медичної експертизи слідів крові. У наданому аналізі літератури були виявлені наявні проблеми класифікації й ідентифікації слідів крові. Автори запропонували власне визначення механізму формування слідів крові. Були проаналізовані фактори, що впливають на формування слідів крові, та запропоновані перспективні напрями створення математичної моделі механізму формування слідів крові.
{"title":"THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE FORMATION MECHANISM TRACES OF BLOOD","authors":"O. Hurov, A. Antonov, Volodymyr Shilan, Natalia Surhai, Tetiana Uzbek","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"Автори провели дослідження сучасного стану судово-медичної експертизи слідів крові. У наданому аналізі літератури були виявлені наявні проблеми класифікації й ідентифікації слідів крові. Автори запропонували власне визначення механізму формування слідів крові. Були проаналізовані фактори, що впливають на формування слідів крові, та запропоновані перспективні напрями створення математичної моделі механізму формування слідів крові.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123632000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.8
Yurii Kuslii, V. Mishalov, Volodymyr Shkolnikov, Yu. F. Shevchuk, Y. Kostenko
The key element of pre-wound ballistics, which is of particular interest to forensic experts and criminologists, remains the residual components of the shot, represented by small spheroids. And although classically the greatest attention is paid to the so-called «forensic ballistics whales» such as stibium, lead and barium, the very ratio and presence of other trace elements plays an important role in the ability to identify firearms and other circumstances that may be of interest to the police. Aim of the work. To determine the peculiarities of the deposition of the residual components of the shot, namely, microelements on the tracer object when fired from «FORT 12R» and «AE 790G1» pistols from contact range, 25 and 50 cm. Materials and methods. 120 gelatin blocks were produced, divided into two groups of 60 blocks each, to be fired from the «FORT 12R» and «AE 790G1» pistols. Within each group, subgroups of 15 blocks are formed depending on the covering material, namely: bare blocks, blocks covered with cotton fabric, denim fabric or leatherette. The blocks in each subgroup were to be shot from different distances: contact range (5 blocks), 25 cm (5 blocks) and 50 cm (5 blocks). After firing, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was performed to determine the elemental composition, chromato-mass spectrometric method, and infrared microscopy on a combined IR-Fourier spectrometer to identify gunpowder components. The obtained indicators were subjected to statistical processing in the «Statistica 6.0» program. Results. The largest number of reliable differences was found in the study of the deposition of such elements as lead and iron, a smaller number in the analysis of zinc, and in the analysis of copper, no differences between the studied groups were found; when analyzing the components of gunpowder, it was established that they are mostly present when contact shots are fired from the «AE 790G1» to the blocks covered with denim fabric. Conclusions. The revealed numerous reliable differences between the studied groups regarding such elements as lead, iron and zinc allow them to be used for the purpose of further identification of the distance of the shot and the weapon.
{"title":"DEPOSITION OF GUNSHOT RESIDUE WHEN FIRING «FORT 12R» AND «AE 790G1» PISTOLS","authors":"Yurii Kuslii, V. Mishalov, Volodymyr Shkolnikov, Yu. F. Shevchuk, Y. Kostenko","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"The key element of pre-wound ballistics, which is of particular interest to forensic experts and criminologists, remains the residual components of the shot, represented by small spheroids. And although classically the greatest attention is paid to the so-called «forensic ballistics whales» such as stibium, lead and barium, the very ratio and presence of other trace elements plays an important role in the ability to identify firearms and other circumstances that may be of interest to the police. \u0000Aim of the work. To determine the peculiarities of the deposition of the residual components of the shot, namely, microelements on the tracer object when fired from «FORT 12R» and «AE 790G1» pistols from contact range, 25 and 50 cm. \u0000Materials and methods. 120 gelatin blocks were produced, divided into two groups of 60 blocks each, to be fired from the «FORT 12R» and «AE 790G1» pistols. Within each group, subgroups of 15 blocks are formed depending on the covering material, namely: bare blocks, blocks covered with cotton fabric, denim fabric or leatherette. The blocks in each subgroup were to be shot from different distances: contact range (5 blocks), 25 cm (5 blocks) and 50 cm (5 blocks). After firing, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was performed to determine the elemental composition, chromato-mass spectrometric method, and infrared microscopy on a combined IR-Fourier spectrometer to identify gunpowder components. The obtained indicators were subjected to statistical processing in the «Statistica 6.0» program. \u0000Results. The largest number of reliable differences was found in the study of the deposition of such elements as lead and iron, a smaller number in the analysis of zinc, and in the analysis of copper, no differences between the studied groups were found; when analyzing the components of gunpowder, it was established that they are mostly present when contact shots are fired from the «AE 790G1» to the blocks covered with denim fabric. \u0000Conclusions. The revealed numerous reliable differences between the studied groups regarding such elements as lead, iron and zinc allow them to be used for the purpose of further identification of the distance of the shot and the weapon.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134552598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.3
O. Hurov, A. Antonov, Natalia Surhai, Serhii Tatarko, Volodymyr Shilan, Tetiana Uzbek
The authors conducted a study of the current state of forensic medical examination regarding the identification of persons who died in mass killings. Existing problems of forensic medical identification of persons in difficult conditions were revealed. The authors identified ways to create expert technologies, the development and use of which can significantly improve the state of identification of persons in conditions of mass death.
{"title":"WAYS OF IMPROVING THE FORENSIC MEDICAL IDENTIFICATION OF A PERSON IN COMPLICATED CONDITIONS","authors":"O. Hurov, A. Antonov, Natalia Surhai, Serhii Tatarko, Volodymyr Shilan, Tetiana Uzbek","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"The authors conducted a study of the current state of forensic medical examination regarding the identification of persons who died in mass killings. Existing problems of forensic medical identification of persons in difficult conditions were revealed. The authors identified ways to create expert technologies, the development and use of which can significantly improve the state of identification of persons in conditions of mass death.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116323188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.9
V. Olkhovskyi, B. Mykhailychenko, O. Hurov
Determining the age of skull bone fractures, especially flat fractures, is a challenging task for forensic medical expertise, as these fractures don't always heal properly due to poor alignment of their edges. Aim of the work. To investigate diagnostic defects and forensic medical expert defects that complicate the assessment of skull bone fractures by analyzing the archive database of the Main Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for the years 2017-2021. Materials and methods. The material consisted of 928 forensic medical commission examinations of traumatic brain injuries conducted at the Main Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine from 2017 to 2021. Statistical indicators were used: mean values, standard deviation (M±ϭ), frequency of cases (N), confidence interval (Р±95%СІ), Student's criterion for relative values (t) to assess the statistical significance of differences between fractions (p<0.05). Results. Diagnostic defects of skull fractures by physicians included: insufficient detailing of fracture description in medical documentation, unreliability of soft tissue injury description, inadequate use of neurovisualization methods, incorrect recording of trauma circumstances in medical records, and incomplete description of neurological symptoms. The main expert errors in affected individuals were the absence of correlation between skull bone fractures and intracranial injuries and soft tissue head injuries, while in corpses, there was incorrect description of skull fracture morphology. Conclusion. The use of additional neurovisualization methods and a comprehensive approach correlating all head injuries can improve forensic medical assessment of skull bone fractures.
确定颅骨骨折的年龄，特别是平骨折，对于法医专家来说是一项具有挑战性的任务，因为这些骨折由于边缘排列不佳而不能正常愈合。工作的目的。通过分析乌克兰卫生部法医检查总局2017-2021年档案数据库，调查导致颅骨骨折评估复杂化的诊断缺陷和法医专家缺陷。材料和方法。这些材料包括2017年至2021年在乌克兰卫生部法医检查总局进行的928次外伤性脑损伤法医委员会检查。采用均值、标准差(M±)、病例频次(N)、置信区间(Р±95%СІ)、Student’s criteria for relative values (t)等统计指标评价各组间差异的统计学意义(p<0.05)。结果。医生对颅骨骨折的诊断缺陷包括:医学文献中骨折描述不详细、软组织损伤描述不可靠、神经可视化方法使用不充分、医疗记录中创伤情况记录不正确、神经症状描述不完整。受影响个体的主要专家错误是颅骨骨折与颅内损伤和软组织头部损伤之间缺乏相关性，而在尸体中，对颅骨骨折形态的描述不正确。结论。使用额外的神经可视化方法和综合方法关联所有头部损伤可以改善颅骨骨折的法医评估。
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF DEFECTS IN DIAGNOSIS AND FORENSIC MEDICAL ASSESSMENT OF SKULL BONE FRACTURES","authors":"V. Olkhovskyi, B. Mykhailychenko, O. Hurov","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the age of skull bone fractures, especially flat fractures, is a challenging task for forensic medical expertise, as these fractures don't always heal properly due to poor alignment of their edges. \u0000Aim of the work. To investigate diagnostic defects and forensic medical expert defects that complicate the assessment of skull bone fractures by analyzing the archive database of the Main Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for the years 2017-2021. \u0000Materials and methods. The material consisted of 928 forensic medical commission examinations of traumatic brain injuries conducted at the Main Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine from 2017 to 2021. \u0000Statistical indicators were used: mean values, standard deviation (M±ϭ), frequency of cases (N), confidence interval (Р±95%СІ), Student's criterion for relative values (t) to assess the statistical significance of differences between fractions (p<0.05). \u0000Results. Diagnostic defects of skull fractures by physicians included: insufficient detailing of fracture description in medical documentation, unreliability of soft tissue injury description, inadequate use of neurovisualization methods, incorrect recording of trauma circumstances in medical records, and incomplete description of neurological symptoms. The main expert errors in affected individuals were the absence of correlation between skull bone fractures and intracranial injuries and soft tissue head injuries, while in corpses, there was incorrect description of skull fracture morphology. \u0000Conclusion. The use of additional neurovisualization methods and a comprehensive approach correlating all head injuries can improve forensic medical assessment of skull bone fractures.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121961400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2022.3
Kyrylo Shilan, V. Bachynskyi
During the forensic medical examination of a corpse in cases of acute blood loss, the most important issue for forensic medical experts is the determination of its amount. However, calculating the exact amount of blood lost is quite a difficult task. After all, a sufficiently accurate quantitative system for measuring the volume of blood in a corpse has not been developed, therefore, forensic medical experts in their calculations rely on well-known morphological signs of blood loss, which can often be quite subjective. That is why the analysis of the methods proposed by world scientists is relevant, as well as the development of new, digital methods for determining the degree of blood loss, which could provide reliable scientifically based conclusions.
{"title":"MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF BLOOD LOSS IN FORENSIC MEDICAL PRACTICE","authors":"Kyrylo Shilan, V. Bachynskyi","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2022.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2022.3","url":null,"abstract":"During the forensic medical examination of a corpse in cases of acute blood loss, the most important issue for forensic medical experts is the determination of its amount. However, calculating the exact amount of blood lost is quite a difficult task. After all, a sufficiently accurate quantitative system for measuring the volume of blood in a corpse has not been developed, therefore, forensic medical experts in their calculations rely on well-known morphological signs of blood loss, which can often be quite subjective. \u0000That is why the analysis of the methods proposed by world scientists is relevant, as well as the development of new, digital methods for determining the degree of blood loss, which could provide reliable scientifically based conclusions.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"43 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120915965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2022.2
O. Hurov, A. Antonov, Natalia Surhai, Volodymyr Shilan, D. Hladkykh, Tetiana Uzbek
The foreign experience in the training of forensic experts is analyzed in the article. This experience is compared with the corresponding training system for forensic doctors that existed in Ukraine until 2022. A reasoned assessment of the reform of the training of forensic medical experts in Ukraine is given. Proposals have been made to change this reform, which consist in the fact that pathologists would be trained instead of pathologist doctors. The proposed concept of a training program for pathologists is a synthesis of training programs for pathologists and forensic medical experts. According to the authors’concept of the pathologist should acquire a sufficient amount of competencies for practical work as a pathologist and a scope of competencies that will be acceptable for training a forensic medical expert on its basis.
{"title":"THE STAFFING CONCEPT REFORM OF THE FORENSIC MEDICAL SERVICE OF UKRAINE","authors":"O. Hurov, A. Antonov, Natalia Surhai, Volodymyr Shilan, D. Hladkykh, Tetiana Uzbek","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2022.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2022.2","url":null,"abstract":"The foreign experience in the training of forensic experts is analyzed in the article. This experience is compared with the corresponding training system for forensic doctors that existed in Ukraine until 2022. A reasoned assessment of the reform of the training of forensic medical experts in Ukraine is given. Proposals have been made to change this reform, which consist in the fact that pathologists would be trained instead of pathologist doctors. The proposed concept of a training program for pathologists is a synthesis of training programs for pathologists and forensic medical experts. According to the authors’concept of the pathologist should acquire a sufficient amount of competencies for practical work as a pathologist and a scope of competencies that will be acceptable for training a forensic medical expert on its basis.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123862941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2022.8
V. Zozulia
The article presents the features of damage to the driver and passenger in the cabin of a B-class car during an angle collision. The cases of road accidents from 2008 to 2021 in the Zhytomyr, Rivne, and Volyn regions of Ukraine were analyzed. Cases of angle (right and left) collisions with fatal consequences for the driver and the passenger in the front seat of B-class cars were considered in automobile trauma. General scientific and special methods were used: system-structural analysis, observation, comparison, description. In addition, a forensic examination of the injuries was carried out. Statistical analysis included primary processing of data by methods of descriptive statistics and testing of the null hypothesis by the method of multifactorial analysis. The results. A frequency analysis of received injuries was carried out. In the case of a left side collision in the passenger compartment of a B-class car, the drivers suffered injuries to the front of the body, often injuries to the soft tissues of the left leg. It is noteworthy that the soft tissues of the right hand were not injured in the left side collision. Passengers of B-class cars had frontal torso injuries in the case of a left angle collision, as did the drivers. Also common patterns were the absence of damage to the body from behind, rupture of the symphysis, and pelvic fractures on both sides. Conclusion. In the case of fatal injury in the cabin of B-class cars in the case of a right-side collision, the drivers had numerous injuries to the back and front of the body. The injuries in the car interior differed in the presence of soft tissue damage to all four limbs, but bone fractures of both the upper and lower limbs were localized exclusively on the right. As with the left and right lateral impact, there was no fracture of the pelvic bones on both the left and the right side with preservation of the integrity of the pubic symphysis. For drivers with fatal injuries in the cabin of B-class cars in the case of a right-side collision, multiple injuries of the thoracic and abdominal organs and the retroperitoneal space were observed: injuries to the right and left kidneys, lacerations of the liver, lacerations of the right and left lungs.
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF INJURIES TO DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS IN THE CABIN OF B-CLASS CARS IN AN ANGLE COLLISION","authors":"V. Zozulia","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2022.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2022.8","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the features of damage to the driver and passenger in the cabin of a B-class car during an angle collision. \u0000The cases of road accidents from 2008 to 2021 in the Zhytomyr, Rivne, and Volyn regions of Ukraine were analyzed. Cases of angle (right and left) collisions with fatal consequences for the driver and the passenger in the front seat of B-class cars were considered in automobile trauma. General scientific and special methods were used: system-structural analysis, observation, comparison, description. In addition, a forensic examination of the injuries was carried out. Statistical analysis included primary processing of data by methods of descriptive statistics and testing of the null hypothesis by the method of multifactorial analysis. \u0000The results. A frequency analysis of received injuries was carried out. In the case of a left side collision in the passenger compartment of a B-class car, the drivers suffered injuries to the front of the body, often injuries to the soft tissues of the left leg. It is noteworthy that the soft tissues of the right hand were not injured in the left side collision. Passengers of B-class cars had frontal torso injuries in the case of a left angle collision, as did the drivers. Also common patterns were the absence of damage to the body from behind, rupture of the symphysis, and pelvic fractures on both sides. \u0000Conclusion. In the case of fatal injury in the cabin of B-class cars in the case of a right-side collision, the drivers had numerous injuries to the back and front of the body. The injuries in the car interior differed in the presence of soft tissue damage to all four limbs, but bone fractures of both the upper and lower limbs were localized exclusively on the right. As with the left and right lateral impact, there was no fracture of the pelvic bones on both the left and the right side with preservation of the integrity of the pubic symphysis. \u0000For drivers with fatal injuries in the cabin of B-class cars in the case of a right-side collision, multiple injuries of the thoracic and abdominal organs and the retroperitoneal space were observed: injuries to the right and left kidneys, lacerations of the liver, lacerations of the right and left lungs.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122481482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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