Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.5
H. Zelenchuk, N. Kozan, Valeriya Chadiuk
The article presents materials and research methods that are used both to identify an unknown person and to predict a person's susceptibility to illegal actions of varying severity. In particular, this article describes anthroposcopic, anthropometric, dermatoglyphic methods, statistical data processing and neural network forecasting, which are widely used in modern forensics and forensic science. The relevance and objectives of the above research methods are formulated in order to predict a person's propensity to illegal actions of varying severity.
{"title":"Algorithm of complex anthroposcopic, anthropometric and dermatoglyphic research in forensic identification of an unknown person","authors":"H. Zelenchuk, N. Kozan, Valeriya Chadiuk","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents materials and research methods that are used both to identify an unknown person and to predict a person's susceptibility to illegal actions of varying severity. In particular, this article describes anthroposcopic, anthropometric, dermatoglyphic methods, statistical data processing and neural network forecasting, which are widely used in modern forensics and forensic science. The relevance and objectives of the above research methods are formulated in order to predict a person's propensity to illegal actions of varying severity.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132723927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.10
Y. Sarkisova
In this paper the results of modern scientific researches are analyzed and the possibilities of the method of establishing the amount of K+ and Na+ in the vitreous body (VB) of a person for solving problems of practical forensic medicine are studied. The aim of the work. To investigate the possibilities of accurately establishing the time since death (TSD) by determining the amount of electrolytes (K+ and Na+) of human VB. Materials and methods. VB samples from 120 deaths due to cardiovascular pathology (exclusion criteria: eyeball injuries, traumatic brain injury, exogenous intoxications) were studied. The study of the test material was performed on an analyzer of electrolytes and gases ROCHE COBAS B121. The main task was to analyze and establish the dependence of the change in the amount of K+ and Na+ of the VB on the TSD. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed using Statistica software. Results. In all cases, on average in the first 6 hours, its amount was 7,4 mmol/l, after 6-12 hours – 9,8 mmol/l, after 12-18 hours – 12,1 mmol/l, after 18-24 hours – 16,5 mmol/l, after 24-36 hours – 20,2 mmol/l, after 36-48 hours – 25,3 mmol/l. The amount of Na+ ranged from 120 to 200 mmol/l. Conclusions. It is established that the number of electrolytes of the VB of the human eye naturally changes with increasing postmortem interval, which allows to use this technique to determine the TSD. In particular, the accuracy of setting the DNS by the number of K+ – 4-6 hours between 1 and 18 hours after death. There is an increase in the range of accuracy at a later date of the TSD.
{"title":"Diagnostic possibilities of accurate determination of the time since death on the concentration of electrolytes in the vitreous body of the human eye","authors":"Y. Sarkisova","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the results of modern scientific researches are analyzed and the possibilities of the method of establishing the amount of K+ and Na+ in the vitreous body (VB) of a person for solving problems of practical forensic medicine are studied. \u0000The aim of the work. To investigate the possibilities of accurately establishing the time since death (TSD) by determining the amount of electrolytes (K+ and Na+) of human VB. \u0000Materials and methods. VB samples from 120 deaths due to cardiovascular pathology (exclusion criteria: eyeball injuries, traumatic brain injury, exogenous intoxications) were studied. The study of the test material was performed on an analyzer of electrolytes and gases ROCHE COBAS B121. The main task was to analyze and establish the dependence of the change in the amount of K+ and Na+ of the VB on the TSD. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed using Statistica software. \u0000Results. In all cases, on average in the first 6 hours, its amount was 7,4 mmol/l, after 6-12 hours – 9,8 mmol/l, after 12-18 hours – 12,1 mmol/l, after 18-24 hours – 16,5 mmol/l, after 24-36 hours – 20,2 mmol/l, after 36-48 hours – 25,3 mmol/l. The amount of Na+ ranged from 120 to 200 mmol/l. \u0000Conclusions. It is established that the number of electrolytes of the VB of the human eye naturally changes with increasing postmortem interval, which allows to use this technique to determine the TSD. In particular, the accuracy of setting the DNS by the number of K+ – 4-6 hours between 1 and 18 hours after death. There is an increase in the range of accuracy at a later date of the TSD.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116931488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.1
Yuliia Zmiievska, I. Savka
This article shows the role and contribution of individual forensic scientists and famous forensic academies in the development of learning gunshot injuries. The article presents an analysis of the national literary sources concerning development of possibilities and methods of forensic diagnostics of the main traumatic factor of gunshot injuries. The role of up-to-date digital technologies, particularly the method of three-dimensional spatial reconstruction of the gunshot wounds, which can empower possibilities of forensic diagnostics of the main traumatic factor of gunshot injuries are shown. Aim of the work. To analyze the development of diagnostic methods of a kind of the main traumatic factor of gunshot injuries in forensic medicine, to find the up-to-date and most diagnostically valuable methods for further investigation and implementation into experts’ practical work. Conclusions. Analysis of national forensic experts’ studies shows that forensic medical examination of gunshot body wounds has always been of current interest and become more and more actual. In every period of forensic medicine development new instrumental and laboratory methods of examination of gunshot wounds have appeared. One of the most topical and promising methods are means of the three-dimensional spatial reconstruction. It can improve the possibilities of forensic medical diagnostics of a kind and characteristic of the main traumatic factor of gunshot wounds.
{"title":"Features of the national development of possibilities forensic diagnostics of the gunshot injuries","authors":"Yuliia Zmiievska, I. Savka","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.1","url":null,"abstract":"This article shows the role and contribution of individual forensic scientists and famous forensic academies in the development of learning gunshot injuries. The article presents an analysis of the national literary sources concerning development of possibilities and methods of forensic diagnostics of the main traumatic factor of gunshot injuries. The role of up-to-date digital technologies, particularly the method of three-dimensional spatial reconstruction of the gunshot wounds, which can empower possibilities of forensic diagnostics of the main traumatic factor of gunshot injuries are shown. \u0000Aim of the work. To analyze the development of diagnostic methods of a kind of the main traumatic factor of gunshot injuries in forensic medicine, to find the up-to-date and most diagnostically valuable methods for further investigation and implementation into experts’ practical work. \u0000Conclusions. Analysis of national forensic experts’ studies shows that forensic medical examination of gunshot body wounds has always been of current interest and become more and more actual. In every period of forensic medicine development new instrumental and laboratory methods of examination of gunshot wounds have appeared. One of the most topical and promising methods are means of the three-dimensional spatial reconstruction. It can improve the possibilities of forensic medical diagnostics of a kind and characteristic of the main traumatic factor of gunshot wounds.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134347106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.4
M. Garazdiuk
For a forensic expert-practitioner, it is especially important to objectively diagnose and time since the formation of hemorrhage (TSFH) in the substance of the human brain (SHB) of traumatic and non-traumatic origin, as there are cases when the external examination of the corpse at the scene are absent, and at internal research find hemorrhages in a brain. In forensic practice, to verify the cause of death, physical-optical methods are successfully used, which are based on laser irradiation of biological tissues with subsequent mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained data. Previous studies on the possibility of differentiating the cause of death by traditional polarization methods have yielded positive results, which suggests the possibility of their suitability for verification of the genesis of hemorrhage into the brain. For a forensic expert-practitioner, the main thing is objectivity, accuracy and speed of obtaining the result, which could fully satisfy the methods of laser polarimetry in the case of determining the TSFH of traumatic and non-traumatic origin in SHB. Therefore, it is necessary to continue the development and research of these methods for this purpose. Aim of the work. To substantiate the possibility of using the method of differential Mueller-matrix mapping of phase anisotropy to determine the temporal dynamics of maps of linear birefringence of histological sections of human brain in determining the age of hemorrhage in human brain substance and to develop forensic criteria for determining the age. death due to cerebral infarction of ischemic and hemorrhagic origin. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we studied native histological preparations SHB from 130 corpses with a known time of death. The cause of death was TBI (group II (n=35)), cerebral infarction of ischemic origin (group III (n=32)), hemorrhagic stroke (group IV (n=33)), acute coronary insufficiency (group I – comparison group (n=30)). The values of the distribution of the coordinates of the polarization parameters at the points of the microscopic images at the location of the standard Stokes polarimeter were measured. Experimental measurements of Stokes-parametric images of biological layers were performed according to the method presented in the sources. Subsequently, the obtained data were subjected to statistical processing and evaluation of the obtained results. Statistical moments (SM) of the 1st-4th orders (mean (SM1), variance (SM2), asymmetry (SM3) and excess (SM4)) of each map were determined. Results and discussion. Comparative analysis of polarization Mueller-matrix mapping images of SHB sections from all groups revealed the destruction of the polycrystalline structure formed by optically active protein complexes of the brain substance, which indicates a decrease in absolute values and range of their scatter with increasing hemorrhage time. This is indicated by the coordinate inhomogeneity of the Mueller-matrix invariant ma
{"title":"Time since hemorrhages of traumatic and non-traumatic genesis into the substance of the human brain formation using distribution of linear dichroism fluctuations reconstruction","authors":"M. Garazdiuk","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.4","url":null,"abstract":"For a forensic expert-practitioner, it is especially important to objectively diagnose and time since the formation of hemorrhage (TSFH) in the substance of the human brain (SHB) of traumatic and non-traumatic origin, as there are cases when the external examination of the corpse at the scene are absent, and at internal research find hemorrhages in a brain. In forensic practice, to verify the cause of death, physical-optical methods are successfully used, which are based on laser irradiation of biological tissues with subsequent mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained data. Previous studies on the possibility of differentiating the cause of death by traditional polarization methods have yielded positive results, which suggests the possibility of their suitability for verification of the genesis of hemorrhage into the brain. For a forensic expert-practitioner, the main thing is objectivity, accuracy and speed of obtaining the result, which could fully satisfy the methods of laser polarimetry in the case of determining the TSFH of traumatic and non-traumatic origin in SHB. Therefore, it is necessary to continue the development and research of these methods for this purpose. \u0000Aim of the work. To substantiate the possibility of using the method of differential Mueller-matrix mapping of phase anisotropy to determine the temporal dynamics of maps of linear birefringence of histological sections of human brain in determining the age of hemorrhage in human brain substance and to develop forensic criteria for determining the age. death due to cerebral infarction of ischemic and hemorrhagic origin. \u0000Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we studied native histological preparations SHB from 130 corpses with a known time of death. The cause of death was TBI (group II (n=35)), cerebral infarction of ischemic origin (group III (n=32)), hemorrhagic stroke (group IV (n=33)), acute coronary insufficiency (group I – comparison group (n=30)). The values of the distribution of the coordinates of the polarization parameters at the points of the microscopic images at the location of the standard Stokes polarimeter were measured. Experimental measurements of Stokes-parametric images of biological layers were performed according to the method presented in the sources. Subsequently, the obtained data were subjected to statistical processing and evaluation of the obtained results. Statistical moments (SM) of the 1st-4th orders (mean (SM1), variance (SM2), asymmetry (SM3) and excess (SM4)) of each map were determined. \u0000Results and discussion. Comparative analysis of polarization Mueller-matrix mapping images of SHB sections from all groups revealed the destruction of the polycrystalline structure formed by optically active protein complexes of the brain substance, which indicates a decrease in absolute values and range of their scatter with increasing hemorrhage time. This is indicated by the coordinate inhomogeneity of the Mueller-matrix invariant ma","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121323097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.7
I. Ivaskevych, O. Vanchulyak, O. Olar
This work is devoted to the study of the possibilities of applying the method of differential polarimetric microscopy with algorithmic reproduction of fluctuations of linear and circular birefringence of polycrystalline component of human blood films in forensic practice for differential diagnosis of alcohol and carbon monoxide poisoning. Aim of the work. Development of a set of forensic objective criteria for the possibility of differential diagnosis of ethanol and CO poisoning by diffuse tomography of polarization images of polycrystalline films of human blood. Materials and methods. The object of the study were polycrystalline blood films obtained from 98 corpses of both sexes aged 18 to 70 years. The cause of death was acute ethanol poisoning (n=36), acute CO poisoning (n=32) and biological tissue samples from those who died of coronary heart disease (n=30) were used for control. The studies were performed by diffuse tomography of linear and circular birefringence of fluctuations of the polycrystalline structure of human blood films. Results. The results of statistical analysis of data of algorithmic polarization reproduction of coordinate distributions of linear birefringence of fluctuation of albumin-globulin polycrystalline networks and circular birefringence of optically active chiral molecules, revealed a high level (statistical reliability p1; p2; p1;2<0,05) of diagnostic efficiency of forensic digital differentiation of blood films samples from people died of coronary heart disease, ethanol and carbon monoxide poisoning based on the calculation of a set of statistical moments of the 1-4-th orders. Conclusions. The possibility of statistically significant (p1; p2<0,05) differentiation of cases of ethanol and CO poisoning by diffuse tomography of linear and circular birefringence of fluctuations of the polycrystalline component of the blood films has been established. The operational characteristics of the diagnostic power of the method corresponding to the excellent (92 % and 97 %) level are determined.
{"title":"Forensic differential diagnosis of ethanol and carbon monoxide poisoning by diffused tomography of polarization images of polycrystalline blood films","authors":"I. Ivaskevych, O. Vanchulyak, O. Olar","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.7","url":null,"abstract":"This work is devoted to the study of the possibilities of applying the method of differential polarimetric microscopy with algorithmic reproduction of fluctuations of linear and circular birefringence of polycrystalline component of human blood films in forensic practice for differential diagnosis of alcohol and carbon monoxide poisoning. \u0000Aim of the work. Development of a set of forensic objective criteria for the possibility of differential diagnosis of ethanol and CO poisoning by diffuse tomography of polarization images of polycrystalline films of human blood. \u0000Materials and methods. The object of the study were polycrystalline blood films obtained from 98 corpses of both sexes aged 18 to 70 years. The cause of death was acute ethanol poisoning (n=36), acute CO poisoning (n=32) and biological tissue samples from those who died of coronary heart disease (n=30) were used for control. The studies were performed by diffuse tomography of linear and circular birefringence of fluctuations of the polycrystalline structure of human blood films. \u0000Results. The results of statistical analysis of data of algorithmic polarization reproduction of coordinate distributions of linear birefringence of fluctuation of albumin-globulin polycrystalline networks and circular birefringence of optically active chiral molecules, revealed a high level (statistical reliability p1; p2; p1;2<0,05) of diagnostic efficiency of forensic digital differentiation of blood films samples from people died of coronary heart disease, ethanol and carbon monoxide poisoning based on the calculation of a set of statistical moments of the 1-4-th orders. \u0000Conclusions. The possibility of statistically significant (p1; p2<0,05) differentiation of cases of ethanol and CO poisoning by diffuse tomography of linear and circular birefringence of fluctuations of the polycrystalline component of the blood films has been established. The operational characteristics of the diagnostic power of the method corresponding to the excellent (92 % and 97 %) level are determined.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125811231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.3
I. Savka, N. Kozan, O. Dunaiev, I. Oliynyk
Over the course of technological development, it is recommended to use more and more new modern methods to assess the time since death. However, most of them have practical limitations or show insufficient results that could ensure the most accurate assessment of the time since death in forensic medical practice. Aim of the work. To review modern scientific articles on the problem of establishing the time since death, to identify the most promising areas of work that can potentially be used in the daily work of practitioners. Conclusions. The analysis of scientific literature shows the relevance of the search and development of new modern methods of assessment of time since death, which could provide scientific validity, specificity and objectivity of the expert opinion.
{"title":"Establishment of accurate criteria for diagnosis of the time since death in forensic medical practice","authors":"I. Savka, N. Kozan, O. Dunaiev, I. Oliynyk","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.3","url":null,"abstract":"Over the course of technological development, it is recommended to use more and more new modern methods to assess the time since death. However, most of them have practical limitations or show insufficient results that could ensure the most accurate assessment of the time since death in forensic medical practice. \u0000Aim of the work. To review modern scientific articles on the problem of establishing the time since death, to identify the most promising areas of work that can potentially be used in the daily work of practitioners. \u0000Conclusions. The analysis of scientific literature shows the relevance of the search and development of new modern methods of assessment of time since death, which could provide scientific validity, specificity and objectivity of the expert opinion.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131352071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.8
Yu. Z. Kotsyubynska
The issue related to the study of anthroposcopic, anthropometric, dermatoglyphic parameters of the population of Ukraine to create regional gene pools remains relevant, because given the intensification of migration processes both within Ukraine and worldwide. The growing flow of global migration and assimilation creates all the conditions for the disappearance of pure ethnic groups and peoples. This work highlights the prospects for studying the ethnic and regional features of human anthroscopic parameters. The article presents the differential anthroscopic characteristics of Hutsul, Boyko, Lemko, Opollia, Pokuttia ethno-territorial groups. The goal of the work. To form anthroscopic portraits of Hutsul, Boyko, Lemko, Opollia, Pokuttia ethno-territorial groups in comparison with the control group of persons. Materials and methods. The material of the study was anthroscopic parameters of 480 males and females aged 18-59 years, belonging to the Hutsul, Boyko, Lemko, Opollia, Pokuttia and control groups, obtained by questionnaires using standardized methods proposed by Ginsburg BB (1963). The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results. Anthroposcopic portrait of the studied groups: Hutsul ethno-territorial group is characterized by dark skin tone, black straight hair, oval elongated straight face, dark brown or green-brown eyes, long narrow nose; Boyko ethno-territorial group is marked by white skin color, blond straight or wavy hair, round broad face, gray or dark brown eyes, wide straight nose; the Lemko ethno-territorial group is distinguished by white skin color, light straight or curly hair, oval elongated narrow long face, light brown and blue eyes, narrow straight nose; Opole ethno-territorial group is characterized by white skin color, light blond and dark blond wavy hair, round broad face, dark brown and light brown eyes, straight wide nose; The Pokut ethno-territorial group is distinguished by white skin, black and dark blond straight hair, an oval elongated narrow face, brown-green eyes, and a long narrow nose. Conclusion. We were able to apply the obtained results in practice, including in the set of identification features and developing an algorithm for rapid prediction of human outward signs.
{"title":"Forecasting assessment of phenotypical features of ethnoteritorial groups of the Prykarpattya","authors":"Yu. Z. Kotsyubynska","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.8","url":null,"abstract":"The issue related to the study of anthroposcopic, anthropometric, dermatoglyphic parameters of the population of Ukraine to create regional gene pools remains relevant, because given the intensification of migration processes both within Ukraine and worldwide. The growing flow of global migration and assimilation creates all the conditions for the disappearance of pure ethnic groups and peoples. This work highlights the prospects for studying the ethnic and regional features of human anthroscopic parameters. The article presents the differential anthroscopic characteristics of Hutsul, Boyko, Lemko, Opollia, Pokuttia ethno-territorial groups. \u0000The goal of the work. To form anthroscopic portraits of Hutsul, Boyko, Lemko, Opollia, Pokuttia ethno-territorial groups in comparison with the control group of persons. \u0000Materials and methods. The material of the study was anthroscopic parameters of 480 males and females aged 18-59 years, belonging to the Hutsul, Boyko, Lemko, Opollia, Pokuttia and control groups, obtained by questionnaires using standardized methods proposed by Ginsburg BB (1963). The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis. \u0000Results. Anthroposcopic portrait of the studied groups: Hutsul ethno-territorial group is characterized by dark skin tone, black straight hair, oval elongated straight face, dark brown or green-brown eyes, long narrow nose; Boyko ethno-territorial group is marked by white skin color, blond straight or wavy hair, round broad face, gray or dark brown eyes, wide straight nose; the Lemko ethno-territorial group is distinguished by white skin color, light straight or curly hair, oval elongated narrow long face, light brown and blue eyes, narrow straight nose; Opole ethno-territorial group is characterized by white skin color, light blond and dark blond wavy hair, round broad face, dark brown and light brown eyes, straight wide nose; The Pokut ethno-territorial group is distinguished by white skin, black and dark blond straight hair, an oval elongated narrow face, brown-green eyes, and a long narrow nose. \u0000Conclusion. We were able to apply the obtained results in practice, including in the set of identification features and developing an algorithm for rapid prediction of human outward signs.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132506849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.6
V. Zozulia
Currently, there is a significant increase in road accidents, which can be associated with an increase in the number of cars, the condition of roads in the country and compliance with road discipline by road users. Modern automotive industry pays great attention to road safety. This is ensured by changes in the design of car interiors, which significantly affects the nature of injuries to victims of road accidents. That is why the solution of this issue has become extremely relevant for forensic expert practice. Aim of the work. To establish the characteristic injuries of the driver and passenger in the cabin of class D cars in a frontal collision. Material and methods. The analysis of road accidents from 2008 to 2021 in Zhytomyr, Rivne, Volyn regions of Ukraine is carried out. Cases of a fatal head-on collision with a driver and passenger in the front seat of a car with an engine capacity of 2-2.5 liters up to 4.7 meters long and 1.81 meters wide were considered. General and special methods used: system-structural analysis, observation, comparison, description. In addition, a forensic examination of the damage was conducted. Statistical analysis included primary data processing by descriptive statistics methods and null hypothesis testing by multifactor analysis. Results. A number of new features have been identified, which are inherent in the damage received in the cabin of a class D car, which can help to identify during the forensic examination. In particular, you should pay attention to the presence of neck injuries. According to the literature, injuries of the cervical spine are among the key and include: rupture of the atlanto-occipital ligament, dislocation and subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint, damage to the spinal cord and its membranes. Conclusions: The location and morphological features of spinal injuries can be used as diagnostic criteria in determining the location of the victim in the cabin of a mobile car class D in a frontal collision. The most informative is the analysis of injuries of the cervical spine of the driver and front passenger.
{"title":"Analysis of features of frontal collision of class D cars","authors":"V. Zozulia","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.6","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there is a significant increase in road accidents, which can be associated with an increase in the number of cars, the condition of roads in the country and compliance with road discipline by road users. Modern automotive industry pays great attention to road safety. This is ensured by changes in the design of car interiors, which significantly affects the nature of injuries to victims of road accidents. That is why the solution of this issue has become extremely relevant for forensic expert practice. \u0000Aim of the work. To establish the characteristic injuries of the driver and passenger in the cabin of class D cars in a frontal collision. \u0000Material and methods. The analysis of road accidents from 2008 to 2021 in Zhytomyr, Rivne, Volyn regions of Ukraine is carried out. Cases of a fatal head-on collision with a driver and passenger in the front seat of a car with an engine capacity of 2-2.5 liters up to 4.7 meters long and 1.81 meters wide were considered. General and special methods used: system-structural analysis, observation, comparison, description. In addition, a forensic examination of the damage was conducted. Statistical analysis included primary data processing by descriptive statistics methods and null hypothesis testing by multifactor analysis. \u0000Results. A number of new features have been identified, which are inherent in the damage received in the cabin of a class D car, which can help to identify during the forensic examination. In particular, you should pay attention to the presence of neck injuries. According to the literature, injuries of the cervical spine are among the key and include: rupture of the atlanto-occipital ligament, dislocation and subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint, damage to the spinal cord and its membranes. \u0000Conclusions: The location and morphological features of spinal injuries can be used as diagnostic criteria in determining the location of the victim in the cabin of a mobile car class D in a frontal collision. The most informative is the analysis of injuries of the cervical spine of the driver and front passenger.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128314906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.9
Oleksandra Litvinenko, O. Vanchulyak, I. Soltys, O. Mikhailova, A. Motrich
The article presents the results of experimental testing of methods of azimuthal-invariant polarization mapping of microscopic images of samples of histological sections of the myocardium and lung tissue; time monitoring of changes in the magnitude of statistical moments of the 1-4th orders, characterizing the distributions of the azimuth and ellipticity of polarization of microscopic images of myocardial and lung tissue samples with different age of damage; determination of the diagnostic efficiency (time interval and accuracy) of establishing the age of damage to human internal organs by digital histological methods of mapping azimuth maps and polarization ellipticity of microscopic images. Aim of the work. Development of a digital histology technique for samples of human internal organs. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the histology of samples of human internal organs (myocardium, lung tissue) with different duration of damage from 1 hour to 120 hours. For control, we used BT samples from those who died from coronary artery disease with different duration of damage from 1 hour to 120 hours. The studies were carried out using the method of digital polarization mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of biological tissues of human internal organs. Results. Revealed the following ranges ramp variation quantity statistics polarizing digital histology and accuracy of the limitation of damage: a. Arts azimuth polarization microscopic image of a magnification ×40 (asymmetry – 12 hours, kurtosis – 12 hours, accuracy – 55-60 min), maps of ellipticity of polarization of microscopic images with a magnification of ×40 (asymmetry – 12 hours, kurtosis – 12 hours, accuracy – 65-75 min). Conclusions. Scenarios of changes in the statistical structure of maps of azimuth and ellipticity of polarization of microscopic images of histological sections of human internal organs have been determined - with an increase in the duration of damage, the value of the mean and variance decreases, the asymmetry and kurtosis increase.
{"title":"Differential diagnostics of the presence of damage by the method of digital polarization mapping of microsocopy images of hystological sections of human organs","authors":"Oleksandra Litvinenko, O. Vanchulyak, I. Soltys, O. Mikhailova, A. Motrich","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.9","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of experimental testing of methods of azimuthal-invariant polarization mapping of microscopic images of samples of histological sections of the myocardium and lung tissue; time monitoring of changes in the magnitude of statistical moments of the 1-4th orders, characterizing the distributions of the azimuth and ellipticity of polarization of microscopic images of myocardial and lung tissue samples with different age of damage; determination of the diagnostic efficiency (time interval and accuracy) of establishing the age of damage to human internal organs by digital histological methods of mapping azimuth maps and polarization ellipticity of microscopic images. \u0000Aim of the work. Development of a digital histology technique for samples of human internal organs. \u0000Materials and methods. The object of the study was the histology of samples of human internal organs (myocardium, lung tissue) with different duration of damage from 1 hour to 120 hours. For control, we used BT samples from those who died from coronary artery disease with different duration of damage from 1 hour to 120 hours. The studies were carried out using the method of digital polarization mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of biological tissues of human internal organs. \u0000Results. Revealed the following ranges ramp variation quantity statistics polarizing digital histology and accuracy of the limitation of damage: a. Arts azimuth polarization microscopic image of a magnification ×40 (asymmetry – 12 hours, kurtosis – 12 hours, accuracy – 55-60 min), maps of ellipticity of polarization of microscopic images with a magnification of ×40 (asymmetry – 12 hours, kurtosis – 12 hours, accuracy – 65-75 min). \u0000Conclusions. Scenarios of changes in the statistical structure of maps of azimuth and ellipticity of polarization of microscopic images of histological sections of human internal organs have been determined - with an increase in the duration of damage, the value of the mean and variance decreases, the asymmetry and kurtosis increase.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134448468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.2
O. Dunaiev, Serhii Kozlov, I. Oliynyk, M. Bratenko
This article analyzes modern scientific sources on the problems of detection of toxic substances in the human body, considers the existing methods of toxicological examination used in practical forensic medicine to establish and differentiate acute intoxications with various chemical compounds. Despite the presence of a large number of methods of toxicological analysis, forensic diagnosis of poisoning is often complicated due to lack of data on the circumstances of the event, clinical data of poisoning, pathognomonic signs of poisoning, the difficulty of interpreting the results. Conclusions. When interpreting the results of a toxicological study should always take into account the circumstances of the case and factors that may have influenced the change in the concentration of toxic substances. There is a need to develop and implement in practice forensic toxicology laboratories fundamentally new diagnostic approaches for the detection of toxic substances and the differentiation of types of poisoning.
{"title":"Modern possibilities of forensic medical evaluation and differentiation of acute intoxications","authors":"O. Dunaiev, Serhii Kozlov, I. Oliynyk, M. Bratenko","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes modern scientific sources on the problems of detection of toxic substances in the human body, considers the existing methods of toxicological examination used in practical forensic medicine to establish and differentiate acute intoxications with various chemical compounds. Despite the presence of a large number of methods of toxicological analysis, forensic diagnosis of poisoning is often complicated due to lack of data on the circumstances of the event, clinical data of poisoning, pathognomonic signs of poisoning, the difficulty of interpreting the results. \u0000Conclusions. When interpreting the results of a toxicological study should always take into account the circumstances of the case and factors that may have influenced the change in the concentration of toxic substances. There is a need to develop and implement in practice forensic toxicology laboratories fundamentally new diagnostic approaches for the detection of toxic substances and the differentiation of types of poisoning.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129844594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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