Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.11
A. Biliakov, Tamara Lychman
In the practice of forensic medical experts, cases of sudden death of young people during conflict situations with no obvious signs of injury appear from time to time. During the autopsy, as a rule, no morphological abnormalities are detected, and the main cause of death remains undetermined. In this case, one should remember the possibility of viscero-cardiac reflexes during a traumatic effect on a person's reflexogenic zones. Modern scientific achievements, especially regarding the pathophysiology of cardiac activity and its disorders, prompted the authors to cover this topic with a view to forensic aspects. Results. The case demonstrates that a detailed analysis of the circumstances of a person's death, a detailed forensic medical examination of the corpse, which includes taking material from reflexogenic areas of the body with its subsequent histological examination, allow to verify a forensic medical diagnosis. Conclusion. This case demonstrates that a systematic approach using histological methods of diagnosis makes it possible to confirm the diagnosis of reflex cardiac arrest of traumatic origin by identifying signs of acute metabolic disorders of the myocardium, provided the primary source of traumatic irritation of the solar plexus is identified.
{"title":"FORENSIC MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS OF REFLEXIVE CARDIAC ARREST WITH TRAUMATIC DAMAGE OF THE SOLAR PLEXUS (CASE FROM EXPERT PRACTICE)","authors":"A. Biliakov, Tamara Lychman","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"In the practice of forensic medical experts, cases of sudden death of young people during conflict situations with no obvious signs of injury appear from time to time. During the autopsy, as a rule, no morphological abnormalities are detected, and the main cause of death remains undetermined. In this case, one should remember the possibility of viscero-cardiac reflexes during a traumatic effect on a person's reflexogenic zones. Modern scientific achievements, especially regarding the pathophysiology of cardiac activity and its disorders, prompted the authors to cover this topic with a view to forensic aspects. \u0000Results. The case demonstrates that a detailed analysis of the circumstances of a person's death, a detailed forensic medical examination of the corpse, which includes taking material from reflexogenic areas of the body with its subsequent histological examination, allow to verify a forensic medical diagnosis. \u0000Conclusion. This case demonstrates that a systematic approach using histological methods of diagnosis makes it possible to confirm the diagnosis of reflex cardiac arrest of traumatic origin by identifying signs of acute metabolic disorders of the myocardium, provided the primary source of traumatic irritation of the solar plexus is identified.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.3
V. Bachynskyi, Kyrylo Shilan
Establishing the volume of blood loss is extremely important in the context of forensic practice, as it can indicate various circumstances of death and is important in solving criminal cases. Consideration of modern methods of determining this parameter in the article is relevant and aims to reveal new opportunities and perspectives in this field of forensic medical examination. Aim of the work. To develop a set of new forensic criteria for accurate determination of the volume of blood loss using the method of multichannel polarization Muller-matrix tomography of histological sections of parenchymal organs and human blood samples. Materials and methods. Samples of parenchymal organs and human blood were collected from 76 corpses of both sexes with varying degrees of blood loss from 0 mm3 to 2500 mm3. The research was carried out using the method of multichannel polarization Muller-matrix linear dichroism tomography of biological tissue samples. Results. For all studied biological samples, a decrease in the level of circular birefringence (CB) of formed blood elements against the background of a gradual necrotic decrease in distributions of linear birefringence (LB) of the optical anisotropy of parenchymal tissues and blood films was established for the process of blood loss. The range of sensitivity of the method of differential Mueller-matrix tomography with algorithmic reproduction of linear dichroism maps to changes in blood loss volume of the deceased, which is (0±2000) mm3, is determined. Conclusions. The accuracy of the method of differential Mueller matrix mapping with algorithmic reproduction of linear dichroism maps of biological preparations was determined, which is 86-92 % in the range of the level of blood loss ΔV = (0±2000) mm3.
{"title":"MULTI-PARAMETER MUELLER-MATRIX TOMOGRAPHY OF HISTOLOGICAL SAMPLES OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUES AS AN ACCURATE AND EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF BLOOD LOSS","authors":"V. Bachynskyi, Kyrylo Shilan","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing the volume of blood loss is extremely important in the context of forensic practice, as it can indicate various circumstances of death and is important in solving criminal cases. Consideration of modern methods of determining this parameter in the article is relevant and aims to reveal new opportunities and perspectives in this field of forensic medical examination. \u0000Aim of the work. To develop a set of new forensic criteria for accurate determination of the volume of blood loss using the method of multichannel polarization Muller-matrix tomography of histological sections of parenchymal organs and human blood samples. \u0000Materials and methods. Samples of parenchymal organs and human blood were collected from 76 corpses of both sexes with varying degrees of blood loss from 0 mm3 to 2500 mm3. The research was carried out using the method of multichannel polarization Muller-matrix linear dichroism tomography of biological tissue samples. \u0000Results. For all studied biological samples, a decrease in the level of circular birefringence (CB) of formed blood elements against the background of a gradual necrotic decrease in distributions of linear birefringence (LB) of the optical anisotropy of parenchymal tissues and blood films was established for the process of blood loss. The range of sensitivity of the method of differential Mueller-matrix tomography with algorithmic reproduction of linear dichroism maps to changes in blood loss volume of the deceased, which is (0±2000) mm3, is determined. \u0000Conclusions. The accuracy of the method of differential Mueller matrix mapping with algorithmic reproduction of linear dichroism maps of biological preparations was determined, which is 86-92 % in the range of the level of blood loss ΔV = (0±2000) mm3.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"409 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.12
V. Voichenko, Valerii Viun, Vitalii Levchenko, Oleksandr Dosenko
There are several types of devices used to stun cattle before slaughter or stunner (captive bolt pistol, cattlegun, stunner). This device consists of a heavy impact rod made of corrosion-resistant alloys such as stainless steel. It is held inside the case with the help of rubber washers and does not protrude from it. The rod is actuated by the trigger and is advanced by compressed air, a spring mechanism, or a blank cartridge charge that is ignited by the firing pin. After a shallow but strong blow to the animal's forehead, the spring tension causes the rod to roll back into the housing. In forensic medical practice, such devices usually appear as instruments of death in cases of suicidal or accidental injuries. Moreover, when reviewing the Ukrainian-language literature, the authors did not come across reports of deaths caused by stunners for stunning animals. Such situations are described in English-language professional periodicals, but they are extremely rare. Killings are generally isolated, apparently due to the fact that fatal wounds when fired from these devices occur from a distance of less than 10 cm, which follows from the design, namely the length of the rod. That is why the authors decided to report on a case from their expert work. A 58-year-old man was found unconscious in a beam and was taken to the hospital with a severe open penetrating brain injury, a hole-multifragmentary fracture of the left temporal bone, where he died 10 hours later. No additional data was provided by the police According to the autopsy data, a wound of a slightly irregular, rounded shape, with a diameter of about 0.9 cm, with small scalloped edges, which were unevenly beveled due to the "minus-tissue" defect towards the center, was found. Around the wound, there was an irregular, rectangular-shaped, brown-brown, dried-up scab, which was more pronounced on the lower edge. On the bow of the right temporal bone there is a hole-fragmentary fracture with the formation of a bone defect in the central part. The defect had a rounded shape, its edges are finely serrated, beveled like a trapezoid in the direction of the skull cavity, around the defect there is a funnel-shaped depression of the bone, which is formed by three incomplete fragments of an irregular shape. The total length of the wound canal was about 9 cm, and there were small bone fragments in the brain detritus along its entire length. No striking elements of the projectile or the projectile itself were found within the wound channel. According to the medical criminalistics investigation, the following were found: intermittent overlays of small dust-like dull particles of dark gray and black color, similar to soot shot, within the sedimentation belt, on the walls of the hole, and on the area of an irregular oval shape, located below and to the right of the above-mentioned damage. A diphenylamine test with dust-like particles gave a positive result. Traces of compounds of iron (characteristic form), l
{"title":"A CASE OF SELF-HARM USING A DEVICE TO STUN FARM ANIMALS","authors":"V. Voichenko, Valerii Viun, Vitalii Levchenko, Oleksandr Dosenko","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"There are several types of devices used to stun cattle before slaughter or stunner (captive bolt pistol, cattlegun, stunner). This device consists of a heavy impact rod made of corrosion-resistant alloys such as stainless steel. It is held inside the case with the help of rubber washers and does not protrude from it. The rod is actuated by the trigger and is advanced by compressed air, a spring mechanism, or a blank cartridge charge that is ignited by the firing pin. After a shallow but strong blow to the animal's forehead, the spring tension causes the rod to roll back into the housing. In forensic medical practice, such devices usually appear as instruments of death in cases of suicidal or accidental injuries. Moreover, when reviewing the Ukrainian-language literature, the authors did not come across reports of deaths caused by stunners for stunning animals. Such situations are described in English-language professional periodicals, but they are extremely rare. Killings are generally isolated, apparently due to the fact that fatal wounds when fired from these devices occur from a distance of less than 10 cm, which follows from the design, namely the length of the rod. That is why the authors decided to report on a case from their expert work. \u0000A 58-year-old man was found unconscious in a beam and was taken to the hospital with a severe open penetrating brain injury, a hole-multifragmentary fracture of the left temporal bone, where he died 10 hours later. No additional data was provided by the police \u0000According to the autopsy data, a wound of a slightly irregular, rounded shape, with a diameter of about 0.9 cm, with small scalloped edges, which were unevenly beveled due to the \"minus-tissue\" defect towards the center, was found. Around the wound, there was an irregular, rectangular-shaped, brown-brown, dried-up scab, which was more pronounced on the lower edge. On the bow of the right temporal bone there is a hole-fragmentary fracture with the formation of a bone defect in the central part. The defect had a rounded shape, its edges are finely serrated, beveled like a trapezoid in the direction of the skull cavity, around the defect there is a funnel-shaped depression of the bone, which is formed by three incomplete fragments of an irregular shape. The total length of the wound canal was about 9 cm, and there were small bone fragments in the brain detritus along its entire length. No striking elements of the projectile or the projectile itself were found within the wound channel. \u0000According to the medical criminalistics investigation, the following were found: intermittent overlays of small dust-like dull particles of dark gray and black color, similar to soot shot, within the sedimentation belt, on the walls of the hole, and on the area of an irregular oval shape, located below and to the right of the above-mentioned damage. A diphenylamine test with dust-like particles gave a positive result. Traces of compounds of iron (characteristic form), l","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.7
V. Zozulia, V. Mishalov, Oksana Gurina
The results of a statistical analysis of the appeals of victims of domestic violence during 2018-2023 according to archival data of the of the regional bureau of forensic medical examination of the Zhytomyr Regional Council are presented. Aim of the work. To analyze the appeals of victims of domestic violence during the years 2018-2023 based on archival data of the regional bureau of forensic medical examination of the Zhytomyr Regional Council. Materials and methods. The work used archival material of the regional bureau of forensic medical examination of the Zhytomyr Regional Council, which related to the appeals of victims of domestic violence during 2018 – the first quarter of 2023. The obtained quantitative data were processed by methods of variational statistics. Results. Statistical processing of archival material of the regional bureau of forensic medical examination of the Zhytomyr Regional Council for the years 2018-2023 revealed 1,328 appeals by women regarding bodily injuries caused in the family and 10 cases of appeals regarding adult molestation of children. It should be noted that during the acute respiratory disease of COVID-19 in 2020-2022 the trend of the number of appeals by women – remained constant and even increased somewhat, and during the Russian military aggression during 2022 and the first quarter of 2023 – the number of appeals almost halved. During 2018-2022 there were manifestations of family violence in the form of child molestation by adults, and in all cases it was the father of the victims. Conclusions. Analysis of appeals by victims of domestic violence during 2018-2023 according to archival data of the regional bureau of forensic medical examination of the Zhytomyr Regional Council revealed that: 1) by age, the most appeals were made by women aged 25-44; 2) in terms of the degree of severity of physical injuries, mild and mild injuries with a short-term health disorder, the physical manifestations of which were cuts, bruises, were dominant.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF COMPLAINTS OF VICTIMS DUE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE THROUGHOUT 2018-2023, ACCORDING TO THE ARCHIVED DATA OF THE REGIONAL BUREAU OF FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF THE ZHYTOMYR REGIONAL COUNCIL","authors":"V. Zozulia, V. Mishalov, Oksana Gurina","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a statistical analysis of the appeals of victims of domestic violence during 2018-2023 according to archival data of the of the regional bureau of forensic medical examination of the Zhytomyr Regional Council are presented. \u0000Aim of the work. To analyze the appeals of victims of domestic violence during the years 2018-2023 based on archival data of the regional bureau of forensic medical examination of the Zhytomyr Regional Council. \u0000Materials and methods. The work used archival material of the regional bureau of forensic medical examination of the Zhytomyr Regional Council, which related to the appeals of victims of domestic violence during 2018 – the first quarter of 2023. The obtained quantitative data were processed by methods of variational statistics. \u0000Results. Statistical processing of archival material of the regional bureau of forensic medical examination of the Zhytomyr Regional Council for the years 2018-2023 revealed 1,328 appeals by women regarding bodily injuries caused in the family and 10 cases of appeals regarding adult molestation of children. It should be noted that during the acute respiratory disease of COVID-19 in 2020-2022 the trend of the number of appeals by women – remained constant and even increased somewhat, and during the Russian military aggression during 2022 and the first quarter of 2023 – the number of appeals almost halved. During 2018-2022 there were manifestations of family violence in the form of child molestation by adults, and in all cases it was the father of the victims. \u0000Conclusions. Analysis of appeals by victims of domestic violence during 2018-2023 according to archival data of the regional bureau of forensic medical examination of the Zhytomyr Regional Council revealed that: 1) by age, the most appeals were made by women aged 25-44; 2) in terms of the degree of severity of physical injuries, mild and mild injuries with a short-term health disorder, the physical manifestations of which were cuts, bruises, were dominant.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"124 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.13
V. Mishalov, V. Voichenko, Konstantin Voroshilov, Ihor Rozovik, O. Petroshak, O. Makarenko, V. Khyzhniak, Andrii Morhun, Yuriі Polyuk, Yurii Fenenko
The article highlights cases of brutal treatment by the Russian military in February-April 2022 against citizens of the de-occupied territories of Ukraine, which correspond to both the list of physical evidence of torture of the «Istanbul Protocol» and the list of war crimes of the «Rome Statute». Aim of the work. Forensic-medical characterization of bodily injuries as manifestations of torture of Ukrainian citizens by the Russian military in de-occupied territories based on the results of forensic investigations of victims of violent acts and examinations of exhumed and identification corpses conducted in 2022. Materials and methods. The research material was archival data of the Chernihiv, Kyiv, and Kharkiv regional bureaus of forensic medical examination (SME) related to cases of violent death. Well-known forensic and statistical research methods were used. Results. Damages in the form of numerous bruises were found on the corpses of persons from the Chernihiv region who were under the occupation of Russian troops in the period from 27.02.2022 to 01.04.2022, as well as on the bodies of exhumed corpses from the de-occupied territories of Kyiv and Kharkiv regions; stab, stab and gunshot wounds; fractures of the bones of the head and trunk, in particular, tying hands, gunshot wounds in the back of the head, burning bodies. Conclusions. Injuries in the form of numerous scars were found on the bodies of persons from the Chernihiv region who were under the occupation of Russian troops in the period from 27.02.2022 to 01.04.2022, as well as on the bodies of exhumed and identification corpses from the de-occupied territories of Kyiv and Kharkiv regions; stab, stab and gunshot wounds; fractures of the bones of the head and torso – are clear physical evidence of torture and mutilation and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment in accordance with the «Istanbul Protocol». The multiplicity of bodily injuries, the peculiarities of their localization and the long duration of their infliction, the similarity between the nature of the injury and the instrument of injury, the binding of the hands, the gunshot wounds in the occipital region of the head, which were found on the exhumed corpses of executed civilians and military personnel and their burning – are expressive manifestations of not only torture, but also evidence of war crimes committed by the Russian military, in accordance with the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
{"title":"MANIFESTATIONS OF TORTURE OF UKRAINIAN CITIZENS BY THE RUSSIAN MILITARY IN SOME DEOCCUPIED TERRITORIES ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF FORENSIC AND MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS AND IDENTIFICATION OF VIOLENCE VICTIMS AND EXUMBED BODIES","authors":"V. Mishalov, V. Voichenko, Konstantin Voroshilov, Ihor Rozovik, O. Petroshak, O. Makarenko, V. Khyzhniak, Andrii Morhun, Yuriі Polyuk, Yurii Fenenko","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights cases of brutal treatment by the Russian military in February-April 2022 against citizens of the de-occupied territories of Ukraine, which correspond to both the list of physical evidence of torture of the «Istanbul Protocol» and the list of war crimes of the «Rome Statute». \u0000Aim of the work. Forensic-medical characterization of bodily injuries as manifestations of torture of Ukrainian citizens by the Russian military in de-occupied territories based on the results of forensic investigations of victims of violent acts and examinations of exhumed and identification corpses conducted in 2022. \u0000Materials and methods. The research material was archival data of the Chernihiv, Kyiv, and Kharkiv regional bureaus of forensic medical examination (SME) related to cases of violent death. Well-known forensic and statistical research methods were used. \u0000Results. Damages in the form of numerous bruises were found on the corpses of persons from the Chernihiv region who were under the occupation of Russian troops in the period from 27.02.2022 to 01.04.2022, as well as on the bodies of exhumed corpses from the de-occupied territories of Kyiv and Kharkiv regions; stab, stab and gunshot wounds; fractures of the bones of the head and trunk, in particular, tying hands, gunshot wounds in the back of the head, burning bodies. \u0000Conclusions. Injuries in the form of numerous scars were found on the bodies of persons from the Chernihiv region who were under the occupation of Russian troops in the period from 27.02.2022 to 01.04.2022, as well as on the bodies of exhumed and identification corpses from the de-occupied territories of Kyiv and Kharkiv regions; stab, stab and gunshot wounds; fractures of the bones of the head and torso – are clear physical evidence of torture and mutilation and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment in accordance with the «Istanbul Protocol». The multiplicity of bodily injuries, the peculiarities of their localization and the long duration of their infliction, the similarity between the nature of the injury and the instrument of injury, the binding of the hands, the gunshot wounds in the occipital region of the head, which were found on the exhumed corpses of executed civilians and military personnel and their burning – are expressive manifestations of not only torture, but also evidence of war crimes committed by the Russian military, in accordance with the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129991345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.10
A. Perebetiuk, Lyudmila Fomina, Serhiy Prokopenko, Olena Terehovska, A. Hel
The increase in the use of firearms is a new challenge for various authorities, including the forensic medical service. The creation of new samples of firearms and cartridges for them requires constant updating of the theoretical knowledge of forensic medical experts for the most accurate answer to such key questions as identification of the weapon and the distance of the shot from it. All this requires preliminary ballistic experiments. Considering the ethical and scientific components, it is most appropriate to use a non-biological imitator of the human body. Aim of the work. Creation of reliable discriminant models for identification of «Fort 9R» or «Fort 17R» non-lethal pistols and their firing ranges. Materials and methods. An experimental study was carried out on bare and gelatin blocks covered with various types of textile material, followed by a study of damage to the covering material, the blocks themselves, and laboratory analysis using the chromato-mass spectrometric method, infrared microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Results. For the identification of the investigated pistols, the discriminant variables are the relative concentration of zinc, the specific sum of the length of cracks in the body simulator at a depth of 1 cm, the number of clothing tears and the distance of the shot; to identify the distance of the shot, the following indicators were defined as the specific sum of the length of cracks PPM in the body simulator at a depth of 1 cm, the presence or absence of diphenylamine, the presence or absence of soot, the specific sum of the length of cracks TCLM in the body simulator at a depth of 3 cm, the relative concentration of lead and the presence or absence of clothing. Conclusions. Thus, on the basis of the features of damage formation of non-biological simulators of the human body and the «clothing + non-biological simulator of the human body» complex, as well as trace-forming elements of the structures of the «Fort 9R» and «Fort 17R» pistols when fired from this weapon, reliable discriminative models were built as possibilities identification of «Fort 9R» or «Fort 17R» pistols, as well as distances of shots at close range, from a distance of 25 cm or from a distance of 50 cm.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF «FORT» PISTOLS AND SHOT DISTANCE USING STEPWISE DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HUMAN BODY SIMULATORS WITH CONSIDERATION OF CLOTHING","authors":"A. Perebetiuk, Lyudmila Fomina, Serhiy Prokopenko, Olena Terehovska, A. Hel","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in the use of firearms is a new challenge for various authorities, including the forensic medical service. The creation of new samples of firearms and cartridges for them requires constant updating of the theoretical knowledge of forensic medical experts for the most accurate answer to such key questions as identification of the weapon and the distance of the shot from it. All this requires preliminary ballistic experiments. Considering the ethical and scientific components, it is most appropriate to use a non-biological imitator of the human body. \u0000Aim of the work. Creation of reliable discriminant models for identification of «Fort 9R» or «Fort 17R» non-lethal pistols and their firing ranges. \u0000Materials and methods. An experimental study was carried out on bare and gelatin blocks covered with various types of textile material, followed by a study of damage to the covering material, the blocks themselves, and laboratory analysis using the chromato-mass spectrometric method, infrared microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. \u0000Results. For the identification of the investigated pistols, the discriminant variables are the relative concentration of zinc, the specific sum of the length of cracks in the body simulator at a depth of 1 cm, the number of clothing tears and the distance of the shot; to identify the distance of the shot, the following indicators were defined as the specific sum of the length of cracks PPM in the body simulator at a depth of 1 cm, the presence or absence of diphenylamine, the presence or absence of soot, the specific sum of the length of cracks TCLM in the body simulator at a depth of 3 cm, the relative concentration of lead and the presence or absence of clothing. \u0000Conclusions. Thus, on the basis of the features of damage formation of non-biological simulators of the human body and the «clothing + non-biological simulator of the human body» complex, as well as trace-forming elements of the structures of the «Fort 9R» and «Fort 17R» pistols when fired from this weapon, reliable discriminative models were built as possibilities identification of «Fort 9R» or «Fort 17R» pistols, as well as distances of shots at close range, from a distance of 25 cm or from a distance of 50 cm.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133108032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.11
A. Biliakov, I. Savka, Serhiy Gychka, V. Sapielkin
Repeated traumatic brain injuries (TBI) pose a unique challenge for both clinical and forensic-medical investigations. The link between the consequences of repeated traumas and previous injuries can be extremely complex due to the similarity of symptoms and pathological changes observed in repeat injuries. Results. The case demonstrates that a severe closed TBI previously suffered by the victim could have contributed to the occurrence of intracranial complications upon subsequent TBI, leading to altered directions of cavitation waves as a result of head impacts and the formation of new contusional foci within previously affected areas, as well as the development of intracranial hemorrhages. The previously suffered severe traumatic brain injury should only be regarded as an unfavorable factor that did not serve as a condition for the development of the repeated TBI and was not causally linked to it but could have facilitated the formation of the extent of the repeated TBI. Conclusions. The presented case highlights that a comprehensive approach utilizing additional laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods allows for the differentiation of TBIs occurring at different time intervals. Further research on repeated traumatic brain injuries is necessary.
{"title":"FORENSIC MEDICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE VOLUME OF REPEATED TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (CASE FROM EXPERT PRACTICE)","authors":"A. Biliakov, I. Savka, Serhiy Gychka, V. Sapielkin","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"Repeated traumatic brain injuries (TBI) pose a unique challenge for both clinical and forensic-medical investigations. The link between the consequences of repeated traumas and previous injuries can be extremely complex due to the similarity of symptoms and pathological changes observed in repeat injuries. \u0000Results. The case demonstrates that a severe closed TBI previously suffered by the victim could have contributed to the occurrence of intracranial complications upon subsequent TBI, leading to altered directions of cavitation waves as a result of head impacts and the formation of new contusional foci within previously affected areas, as well as the development of intracranial hemorrhages. The previously suffered severe traumatic brain injury should only be regarded as an unfavorable factor that did not serve as a condition for the development of the repeated TBI and was not causally linked to it but could have facilitated the formation of the extent of the repeated TBI. \u0000Conclusions. The presented case highlights that a comprehensive approach utilizing additional laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods allows for the differentiation of TBIs occurring at different time intervals. Further research on repeated traumatic brain injuries is necessary.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130492950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.1
V. Bachynskyi, A. Padure
Over the past year, radical changes have taken place in Ukraine in the training of specialists in the field of forensic medical examination. In 2022, a decision was made to cancel the internship in forensic medical examination, instead to create specialization courses lasting 468 hours (3 months) after completing the internship in the specialty «Pathology». Aim of the work. To conduct a comparative analysis of the training of a doctor-specialist in the field of «Forensic Medical Examination» in Ukraine and the countries of Europe. Results. In Europe, in order to master of the «Forensic Medical Examination» specialty, a residency (similar to an internship) is required, the duration of which varies from 3 to 5 years. In addition to theoretical and practical training in forensic medicine itself, the residency includes training in related disciplines, the list and names of which vary somewhat, depending on the legislation and structure of the forensic medical service of a specific European country (pathology, radiology and radiation diagnostics, orthopedics and traumatology, psychiatry and neurosurgery, etc.). Conclusions. To return to Ukraine the internship in the specialty «Forensic Medical Examination». To conduct internship training at the departments of forensic medicine through a residency lasting 3.5 years, of which 1.5 years should be devoted to mastering the specialty «pathology» and 2 years to the specialty «Forensic Medical Examination».
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TRAINING OF DOCTOR-FORENSIC MEDICAL EXPERT IN UKRAINE AND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES","authors":"V. Bachynskyi, A. Padure","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past year, radical changes have taken place in Ukraine in the training of specialists in the field of forensic medical examination. In 2022, a decision was made to cancel the internship in forensic medical examination, instead to create specialization courses lasting 468 hours (3 months) after completing the internship in the specialty «Pathology». \u0000Aim of the work. To conduct a comparative analysis of the training of a doctor-specialist in the field of «Forensic Medical Examination» in Ukraine and the countries of Europe. \u0000Results. In Europe, in order to master of the «Forensic Medical Examination» specialty, a residency (similar to an internship) is required, the duration of which varies from 3 to 5 years. In addition to theoretical and practical training in forensic medicine itself, the residency includes training in related disciplines, the list and names of which vary somewhat, depending on the legislation and structure of the forensic medical service of a specific European country (pathology, radiology and radiation diagnostics, orthopedics and traumatology, psychiatry and neurosurgery, etc.). \u0000Conclusions. To return to Ukraine the internship in the specialty «Forensic Medical Examination». To conduct internship training at the departments of forensic medicine through a residency lasting 3.5 years, of which 1.5 years should be devoted to mastering the specialty «pathology» and 2 years to the specialty «Forensic Medical Examination».","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127820765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.12
V. Voichenko, Valerii Viun, V. Chernyak, V. Levchenko
The article describes the work of the Humanitarian Training Center for Forensic Medical Identification, which was restored in the city of Dnipro after a break related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the invasion of the troops of the russian federation into Ukraine. The center was created to solve humanitarian tasks, in particular during armed conflicts and disasters. The main purpose of the center's work is to prepare representatives of various organizations for professional work with the identification of bodies and remains of victims who died during armed conflicts, terrorist acts, man-made and natural disasters. Participants acquire skills in accordance with international standards and principles of international humanitarian law.
{"title":"HUMANITARIAN MISSION OF THE FORENSIC MEDICAL SERVICE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE DECEASED","authors":"V. Voichenko, Valerii Viun, V. Chernyak, V. Levchenko","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the work of the Humanitarian Training Center for Forensic Medical Identification, which was restored in the city of Dnipro after a break related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the invasion of the troops of the russian federation into Ukraine. The center was created to solve humanitarian tasks, in particular during armed conflicts and disasters. \u0000The main purpose of the center's work is to prepare representatives of various organizations for professional work with the identification of bodies and remains of victims who died during armed conflicts, terrorist acts, man-made and natural disasters. Participants acquire skills in accordance with international standards and principles of international humanitarian law.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131023304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.7
V. Zozulia
Forensic medical examination of corpses in traffic accidents is an important area of research in the field of road safety. Vehicle collisions often lead to tragic consequences, and are a significant part of the causes of violent deaths in the interior of cars. Despite constant changes in the design features of modern cars aimed at improving safety, mortality remains significant. The study is aimed at studying the injuries of the driver and passenger in the cabin of jeeps and SUVs in a head-on collision, taking into account the features of the car design and the mechanisms of force transmission to the body of the passengers. Aim of the work. Study, analysis and systematization of injuries typical for drivers and passengers in the interior of jeeps and SUVs in frontal collisions with partial overlap. Materials and methods. 168 acts of traffic accidents with a fatal outcome were analyzed, from which the injuries of the driver and passenger during a frontal collision in the cabin of jeeps and SUVs were considered. During the research, the following methods were used: system-structural analysis, observation, comparison and description. Also, a forensic examination of injuries was carried out for each case. Statistical analysis included the use of descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis to test the null hypothesis. Results. The analysis of injuries to the driver and passenger in the cabin of a modern J-class car showed that in cases of fatal auto trauma, the following injuries occurred, which were more typical for passengers compared to drivers: front and rear torso injuries, soft tissues of the right leg, bone fractures lower limbs on the right and left, pelvic fractures on the right and left, kidney damage, ruptures of the spleen and lungs. Conclusions. In cases of fatal traffic accidents in frontal collisions in the interior of jeeps and SUVs, the following injuries occurred, which were more typical for passengers compared to drivers: front and rear torso injuries, soft tissues of the right leg, bone fractures of both lower limbs, right and left pelvic fractures, kidney damage, ruptures of the spleen and lungs.
{"title":"PREVAILING TRENDS OF MORPHOLOGICAL INJURIES IN DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS OF JEEPS AND SUVS IN FATAL ACCIDENTS","authors":"V. Zozulia","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic medical examination of corpses in traffic accidents is an important area of research in the field of road safety. Vehicle collisions often lead to tragic consequences, and are a significant part of the causes of violent deaths in the interior of cars. Despite constant changes in the design features of modern cars aimed at improving safety, mortality remains significant. \u0000The study is aimed at studying the injuries of the driver and passenger in the cabin of jeeps and SUVs in a head-on collision, taking into account the features of the car design and the mechanisms of force transmission to the body of the passengers. \u0000Aim of the work. Study, analysis and systematization of injuries typical for drivers and passengers in the interior of jeeps and SUVs in frontal collisions with partial overlap. \u0000Materials and methods. 168 acts of traffic accidents with a fatal outcome were analyzed, from which the injuries of the driver and passenger during a frontal collision in the cabin of jeeps and SUVs were considered. \u0000During the research, the following methods were used: system-structural analysis, observation, comparison and description. Also, a forensic examination of injuries was carried out for each case. Statistical analysis included the use of descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis to test the null hypothesis. \u0000Results. The analysis of injuries to the driver and passenger in the cabin of a modern J-class car showed that in cases of fatal auto trauma, the following injuries occurred, which were more typical for passengers compared to drivers: front and rear torso injuries, soft tissues of the right leg, bone fractures lower limbs on the right and left, pelvic fractures on the right and left, kidney damage, ruptures of the spleen and lungs. \u0000Conclusions. In cases of fatal traffic accidents in frontal collisions in the interior of jeeps and SUVs, the following injuries occurred, which were more typical for passengers compared to drivers: front and rear torso injuries, soft tissues of the right leg, bone fractures of both lower limbs, right and left pelvic fractures, kidney damage, ruptures of the spleen and lungs.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116443446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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