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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DERMATOGLYPHIC FEATURES OF HUMAN HANDS AND FEET IN TERMS OF IDENTIFICATION 一般特征的皮纹特征的人的手和脚在识别方面
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2022.9
O. Dunaiev, Serhii Kozlov, O. Popadynets
The article presents generalized data on the possibility of using dermatoglyphiccharacteristics of a person in terms of the latest approaches to the identifi cation of an unknown person. Morphological characteristics of papillary patterns of hands and feet, their topography and types are given. Quantitative and qualitative features of dermatoglyphs are presented, which may be useful in terms of factor features for the identifi cation of an unknown person. Data on the possibility of using artificial neural networks in forensic identifi cation examinations using dermatoglyphs are given.
本文介绍了关于使用一个人的皮纹特征的最新方法来识别一个未知的人的可能性的广义数据。给出了手足乳头状纹样的形态特征、形貌和类型。提出了皮纹的定量和定性特征,这可能是有用的因素特征方面的一个未知的人的身份。数据上的可能性使用人工神经网络在法医鉴定检查使用皮纹给出。
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引用次数: 0
PECULIARITIES OF MICROSCOPIC CHANGES IN THE TISSUE OF THE HUMAN ORGANISM AT DIFFERENT PERIODS OF DEATH 人体组织在不同死亡时期微观变化的特点
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2022.4
V. Sokol
Determining the time since death is one of the most important tasks in the practice of experts, especially in the investigation of criminal cases. However, the various methods currently available often give wide ranges of time values and sometimes contradict each other, which does not meet the needs of the investigating authorities. All this encourages the world’s leading scientists to find high-precision methods for establishing the posthumous interval, applicable to routine use in practice. Microscopic research methods are considered to be the most subject to these criteria.Aim of the work. Review of modern literature data on the features of the study of microscopic changes in human tissues in order to diagnose the time since death.Conclusion. Based on the above, it is necessary to introduce into the practice of forensic and pathological services new promising methods and technologies for diagnosing the age of death, which would ensure its accurate defi nition, taking into account diff erent types of death and adverse factors.
确定死亡时间是专家实践中最重要的任务之一,特别是在刑事案件的调查中。然而,现有的各种方法往往给出的时间值范围大,有时甚至相互矛盾,不能满足调查机关的需要。所有这些都促使世界领先的科学家寻找高精度的方法来确定死后间隔,并适用于日常实践。微观研究方法被认为是最受这些标准约束的。工作的目的。综述了现代文献资料对人体组织显微变化特征的研究,以期对死亡时间进行诊断。在此基础上,有必要在法医和病理学服务实践中引入新的有前途的死亡年龄诊断方法和技术,以确保准确定义死亡年龄,同时考虑到不同类型的死亡和不利因素。
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引用次数: 1
RESEARCH OF TIME DYNAMICS OF CHANGE OF THE STEP OF DEPOLARIZATION OF LASER RADIATION BY TISSUE OF THE MAIN BRAIN 激光辐射经主脑组织去极化阶跃变化的时间动力学研究
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2022.13
O. Pavliukovych, N. Pavliukovych
Taking into consideration the fact of the annual increase in the formulation of questions by the judicial authorities regarding the diagnosis of the prescription of death time and the need to increase their reliability, same as certain subjectivity of the moral and historical obsoleteness of the commonly used methods of forensic medicine practice, there is the need of developing of objective, cost-eff ectively more profi table, modern methods of the investigation of the dynamics of post-mortem changes of biological tissues of the human body. Therefore, the determining the prescription of the time of death due to its diff erent reasons is one of the most important issues of forensic science and practice. The paper deals with the results of the application of the latest methods of laser polarimetry used in forensic medicine, such as determination of the prescription of time of death due to mechanical asphyxia and massive blood loss by means of three- dimensional reconstruction of the time and spectral changes in the depolarization of laser radiation scattered by the human brain tissue.
考虑到司法当局对死亡时间的诊断提出的问题每年都在增加,需要提高其可靠性,就像法医学常用方法在道德和历史上过时的某些主观性一样,需要发展客观的、成本有效的更有利可图的方法,研究人体生物组织死后动态变化的现代方法。因此,根据不同原因确定死亡时间是法医学和实践的重要问题之一。本文介绍了最新的激光偏振法在法医学中的应用,通过对人体脑组织散射的激光去偏振的时间和光谱变化进行三维重建,确定机械性窒息和大量失血死亡时间的处方。
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引用次数: 0
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE POSSIBILITY OF ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF THE TIME SINCE DEATH 准确确定死亡时间的法医技术发展趋势
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2022.2
V. Voronov
Determining the exact time of death is a very important and signifi cant issue of forensic medical science and practice. Since traditional, routine techniques have many shortcomings and do not provide suffi cient accuracy in determining the postmortem interval, it is necessary to fi nd new ways and methods to solve this problem. The article presents an analysis of the state and trends in the development of tools and technologies of forensic science and practice used to accurately determine the time since death. The analysis of the scientifi c literature showed that, despite numerous and diverse studies aimed at determining the age of death, a large number of them have not found wide practical application. Thus, the search for new scientifi cally sound criteria is promising, based on chronological changes in biomarkers after death using modern technologies that will establish the time since death in the early and late post-mortem period.
准确确定死亡时间是法医科学和实践中一个非常重要和有意义的问题。由于传统的、常规的技术有许多缺点,不能提供足够的准确性,因此有必要寻找新的方法和方法来解决这一问题。本文分析了用于准确确定死亡时间的法医科学和实践的工具和技术的发展状况和趋势。对科学文献的分析表明,尽管有许多不同的研究旨在确定死亡年龄,但其中许多研究并没有得到广泛的实际应用。因此,利用现代技术,根据死亡后生物标志物的时间变化,寻找新的科学合理的标准是有希望的,这些技术将确定死后早期和晚期的死亡时间。
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引用次数: 0
COMPLEX USE OF ANTHROPOMETRIC AND DERMATOGLYPHICAL METHODS IN IDENTIFICATION OF AN UNKNOWN PERSON 复杂的人体测量学和皮肤学方法用于识别一个未知的人
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2022.7
M. Garazdiuk, R. Kozoviy, E. Kindrativ
Identifi cation of an unknown person is an issue that is relevant today. The integrateduse of simple, accessible, reliable methods provided by the requirements of DVI-interpol, allows the use of artifi cial neural networks to identify an unknown person, which is important in cases of mass deaths, mass graves and more. The article presents a method of conducting a comprehensive study of the human phenotype in order to further identify it.
身份不明的人是一个与今天相关的问题。综合使用dvi -国际刑警组织要求提供的简单、方便、可靠的方法,可以利用人工神经网络识别未知人员,这在大规模死亡、乱葬岗等案件中非常重要。本文提出了一种对人类表型进行全面研究的方法,以便进一步鉴定它。
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引用次数: 0
FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION BY LIP PRINTS. HISTORY, METHODS, THE QUESTION THAT ARE SOLVED 唇印法医鉴定。历史,方法,要解决的问题
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2022.1
I. Bodnar, H. Bondarchuk
For almost a century, methods of identifying a person by prints have been recognized as a reliable tool for forensic experts in the world. Cheiloscopic examination is used to solve a wide range of issues facing the investigation, especially in cases of absence of other material evidence. The article reveals the historical stages of development and improvement of methods of examination of lip prints, a list of issues that can be solved using such methods. Materials of the practical achievements of world scientists in the application of cheiloscopic research methods are provided.
近一个世纪以来,通过指纹识别人的方法一直被世界上的法医专家认为是一种可靠的工具。镜检用于解决调查中面临的广泛问题,特别是在缺乏其他物证的情况下。本文揭示了唇印检测方法发展和改进的历史阶段,并列出了使用这些方法可以解决的问题。提供了世界各国科学家应用显微研究方法取得的实际成果的材料。
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引用次数: 0
METHOD OF RECONSTRUCTION OF POLYCRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF HISTOLOGICAL CUTS IN DETERMINATION OF THE STATURE OF FORMATION OF DAMAGES OF INTERNAL BODIES 组织切口多晶结构重建方法测定内体损伤形成程度
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2022.12
Oleksandra Litvinenko
The article presents the results of algorithmic testing of methods of digital histologicalstudy of the age of damage to brain, liver and kidney tissues based on polarization reconstruction of maps of linear birefringence of protein fi brillar networks; determining the relationships between the temporal change in the magnitude of statistical moments of the 1st – 4th orders, which characterize the distributions of the magnitude of the degree of crystallization of histological sections of the brain, liver and kidney and the duration of damage; establishment of time intervals and accuracy of determining the age of damage to human internal organs by digital histological methods of polarization reconstruction (tomography) of the degree of crystallization.Aim of the work. Development of algorithmic methods of digital histological study of the duration of damage to brain, liver and kidney tissues based on polarization reconstruction of linear birefringence maps of protein fi brillar networks.Materials and methods. The object of the study was the histology of samples of human internal organs (myocardium, lung tissue) with diff erent duration of damage (from 1 to 120 hours). For control, we used BT samples from those who died from coronary artery disease with diff erent duration of damage (from 1 to 120 hours).Results. For the fi rst time, the main relationships between temporal changes in the statistical structure of topographic maps of the degree of crystallization of histological sections of human internal organs and variations in the magnitude of statistical moments of the 1-4th orders that characterize them.Conclusions. The time ranges of linear change of variations in the value of statistical indicators of tomographic methods of digital histology and the accuracy of determining the duration of damage.
本文介绍了基于蛋白质纤维网状线双折射图偏振重建的脑、肝、肾组织损伤年龄数字组织学研究方法的算法测试结果;确定表征脑、肝、肾组织切片结晶程度大小分布的1 - 4阶统计矩量的时间变化与损伤持续时间之间的关系;建立极化重建(断层扫描)结晶度的数字组织学方法确定人体内脏损伤年龄的时间间隔和准确性。工作的目的。基于蛋白质网状结构线性双折射图偏振重建的脑、肝、肾组织损伤持续时间数字组织学研究算法的发展。材料和方法。研究对象是不同损伤时间(1 ~ 120小时)的人体内脏器官(心肌、肺组织)标本的组织学。作为对照,我们使用了冠状动脉疾病死亡患者的BT样本,这些患者的损伤时间不同(从1小时到120小时)。首次研究了人体内脏组织切片结晶度地形图统计结构的时间变化与表征其特征的1-4阶统计矩量变化之间的主要关系。数字组织学层析方法统计指标值变化的线性变化的时间范围和确定损伤持续时间的准确性。
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引用次数: 0
CASE OF VICTIM TORTURE IN FORENSIC EXPERT PRACTICE 司法鉴定实践中的受害人酷刑案例
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2022.14
V. Bachynskyi, O. Pavliukovych, N. Pavliukovych
Due to the presence of large number of pneumatic weapons in the possession of the population, both in Ukraine and in the world there is a signifi cant increase in the number of injuries due to gunshot, so the number of examinations of these cases in the practice of forensic experts is gradually increasing.
由于人口中拥有大量气动武器,无论是在乌克兰还是在世界上,由于枪击造成的伤害数量都显著增加,因此法医专家在实践中对这些案件的检查数量正在逐渐增加。
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引用次数: 1
POSSIBILITIES OF APPLICATION OF LASER POLARIZATION METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE LIVER TISSUE WITH TEMPORARY MONITORING OF THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGES DEPENDING ON THE TIME SINCE DEATH 应用激光偏振方法检测肝组织病理过程的可能性,并根据死亡后的时间对变化动态进行临时监测
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.1.2022.8
Ihor Davydenko
The article presents the current state of issues regarding the diagnosis of liver fibrosing processes. Particular attention is paid to biophysical research methods that have evidence of accuracy, objectivity, reproducibility of results.Aim of the work. Exploring the possibilities of using azimuthal-invariant Mueller-matrix analysis to establish the relationship between changes in the morphological structure of liver tissue and its optical parameters in normal and fi brosing processes.Materials and methods. The object of the study were histological sections of human liver in normal (control group) and in the presence of fibrosing processes, selected from 106 corpses of both sexes at diff erent intervals after death. Histological sections of the liver were obtained using a freezing microtome. The studies were performed using a standard spectropolarimeter scheme. The obtained results were processed according to standard algorithms of MATLAB and Statistica software products.Results. According to the results of the study, it was found that in the liver tissue with fibrous changes, the values of the average S1 are (1,870±0,017), dispersion S2 – (0,617±0,010), asymmetry S3 – (1,921±0,022), excess S4 – (2,005±0,044). In intact liver tissue, the values were: S1 – (1,264±0,017), S2 – (0,537±0,018), S3 – (1,650±0,022), S4 – (1,584±0,032).Conclusion. The method of azimuthal-invariant Mueller-matrix analysis allows to describe in detail the structure and characteristics of biological tissues of the human body, in particular the liver in normal and fi brosing processes, with the possibility of their statistically signifi cant differentiation.The interval of dynamics of change of statistical moments of the 1st-4th orders from 1 to 48 hours after death is established that becomes extremely actual in practice of the forensic expert at the decision of important questions.
本文介绍了目前关于肝纤维化过程诊断的问题。特别注意的是生物物理研究方法,有证据表明准确性,客观性,结果的可重复性。工作的目的。探索利用方位不变穆勒矩阵分析建立正常和扫描过程中肝组织形态结构变化与其光学参数之间关系的可能性。材料和方法。本研究选取了106具男女尸体,在死亡后不同时间间隔内正常(对照组)和有纤维化过程的人肝脏的组织学切片。使用冷冻切片机获得肝脏的组织学切片。研究是使用标准分光偏振计方案进行的。根据MATLAB和Statistica软件产品的标准算法对所得结果进行处理。根据研究结果发现,在有纤维性改变的肝组织中,平均S1值为(1870±0,017),分散S2 -(0,617±0,010),不对称S3 -(1,921±0,022),过量S4 -(2,005±0,044)。在完整肝组织中,其值分别为:S1 -(1,264±0,017),S2 -(0,537±0,018),S3 -(1,650±0,022),S4 -(1,584±0,032)。方位角不变穆勒矩阵分析方法可以详细描述人体生物组织的结构和特征,特别是肝脏在正常和异常过程中的结构和特征,并具有统计学上显著分化的可能性。确立了死亡后1 ~ 48小时统计矩的1 ~ 4阶动态变化的时间间隔,这在法医鉴定重大问题的实践中具有极其实际的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Features of dermatoglyphics of suicides (literature review) 自杀者皮纹特征(文献综述)
Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2021.2
Valeriya Chadyuk, N. Kozan
The analysis of the number of suicides, factors and conditions of its cause is complex and subjective, as it is associated with insufficient information about the causes of suicide. In this regard, it becomes especially important to search for markers that allow to identify persons prone to suicidal states, to carry out preventive measures with him in order to prevent suicides. The aim of this work was to study the latest publications on the study of genetic and phenotypic traits inherent in persons prone to suicidal acts. It has been established that to date there are no scientific studies that would reflect the relationship of phenotypic manifestations in suicides, in particular, anthroscopic, anthropometric and dermatoglyphic features of all phalanges of fingers and palms.
对自杀人数、自杀原因的因素和条件的分析是复杂和主观的,因为它与有关自杀原因的信息不足有关。在这方面,特别重要的是寻找能够识别有自杀倾向的人的标志,并与他一起采取预防措施,以防止自杀。这项工作的目的是研究最新发表的研究遗传和表型特征固有的人倾向于自杀行为。已经确定的是,迄今为止,没有科学研究能够反映自杀的表型表现之间的关系,特别是手指和手掌所有指骨的人体观察、人体测量和皮肤刻痕特征。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Forensic-medical examination
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