Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162728
L. Katzir, Ido Schwartzman
With the widespread use of smart metering and industrial control devices, a new challenge has emerged - that of allowing the utility companies and hardware manufactures to develop and deploy devices running operation code (“firmware”) that can be updated remotely, but in a way that does not endanger the electrical grid. While modern cryptography provides tools for addressing this challenge, it may not be enough. We propose here a method for securely updating the software controlling devices connected to an Alternating Current network that offers an added, stronger layer of protection against malicious code updates. This is achieved by allowing only the power generating authority to open a special “window” within which the devices accept such updates.
{"title":"Secure firmware updates for smart grid Devices","authors":"L. Katzir, Ido Schwartzman","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162728","url":null,"abstract":"With the widespread use of smart metering and industrial control devices, a new challenge has emerged - that of allowing the utility companies and hardware manufactures to develop and deploy devices running operation code (“firmware”) that can be updated remotely, but in a way that does not endanger the electrical grid. While modern cryptography provides tools for addressing this challenge, it may not be enough. We propose here a method for securely updating the software controlling devices connected to an Alternating Current network that offers an added, stronger layer of protection against malicious code updates. This is achieved by allowing only the power generating authority to open a special “window” within which the devices accept such updates.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132790628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162659
O. Soukhanov, I. Yadikin
In this paper the functional modeling (FM) method developed for efficient solution of simulation, planning and control problems in large power systems and interconnections is presented. In the first part of the paper outline of the FM method is given. According to the FM method a power system is represented by hierarchical model, consisting of systems of equations of subsystems (lower level) and system of equations of higher level, in which only boundary variables of subsystems are present. Next part of the paper is devoted to description of hierarchical algorithms for solution of power flow, optimization and stability analysis problems of power systems, based on the FM method. It is shown in the last part of the paper how general structure of the FM algorithms and principles of the FM method are used to form the basis, on which construction and functioning of distributed control system assuring optimal operation control in large integrated electrical power systems is founded.
{"title":"Hierarchical models in power systems analysis & control","authors":"O. Soukhanov, I. Yadikin","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162659","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the functional modeling (FM) method developed for efficient solution of simulation, planning and control problems in large power systems and interconnections is presented. In the first part of the paper outline of the FM method is given. According to the FM method a power system is represented by hierarchical model, consisting of systems of equations of subsystems (lower level) and system of equations of higher level, in which only boundary variables of subsystems are present. Next part of the paper is devoted to description of hierarchical algorithms for solution of power flow, optimization and stability analysis problems of power systems, based on the FM method. It is shown in the last part of the paper how general structure of the FM algorithms and principles of the FM method are used to form the basis, on which construction and functioning of distributed control system assuring optimal operation control in large integrated electrical power systems is founded.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114115379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162731
M. Jin, X. Fu
A three-dimensional (3D) packaged electronic module is proposed in this paper that serves as power conversion module for emerging automotive distributed energy resource (DR) applications. Thermal dissipation and parasitic inductance are identified as two major issues causing energy loss during transmission. Literature and industrial approaches to mitigate these issues are reviewed, which features a DC-DC inverter in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) as an example. A 3D package technology is therefore developed and CAD simulation tool is then employed to investigated and evaluated its effectiveness in electricity conversion. The result shows the package halves inductive parasitic with significant improvement on thermal efficiency. The implementation of this technology in automotive power converter is expected to achieve high efficient and reliable power conversion.
{"title":"3D packaging technology incorporated power conversion module for automotive distributed energy resource application","authors":"M. Jin, X. Fu","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162731","url":null,"abstract":"A three-dimensional (3D) packaged electronic module is proposed in this paper that serves as power conversion module for emerging automotive distributed energy resource (DR) applications. Thermal dissipation and parasitic inductance are identified as two major issues causing energy loss during transmission. Literature and industrial approaches to mitigate these issues are reviewed, which features a DC-DC inverter in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) as an example. A 3D package technology is therefore developed and CAD simulation tool is then employed to investigated and evaluated its effectiveness in electricity conversion. The result shows the package halves inductive parasitic with significant improvement on thermal efficiency. The implementation of this technology in automotive power converter is expected to achieve high efficient and reliable power conversion.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"508 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116330839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162839
Geert Deconinck
Charging electric vehicles, connected to the distribution grid, may cause unwanted peak power consumption. As controllable loads, they form an attractive target for active demand response, by modulating, delaying or accelerating the charging of the vehicles. As such, this can be used to balance power from renewables, to shave peaks or to spread consumption more evenly, or to minimise energy costs. Such control actions need to take dynamically varying constraints into account, concerning arrivals and departure times, grid capacity, power consumption, green electricity generation, etc. Hence a multi-objective optimisation problem needs to be solved, in order to optimise for the different criteria. By incorporating predicted trends for loads, better results can be obtained than when only considering the current situation. Agent-based decentralised and hierarchic coordination mechanisms provide such functionality in a scalable yet robust way. Modular implementation allows flexibility.
{"title":"Agent-based coordination for charging electric vehicles","authors":"Geert Deconinck","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162839","url":null,"abstract":"Charging electric vehicles, connected to the distribution grid, may cause unwanted peak power consumption. As controllable loads, they form an attractive target for active demand response, by modulating, delaying or accelerating the charging of the vehicles. As such, this can be used to balance power from renewables, to shave peaks or to spread consumption more evenly, or to minimise energy costs. Such control actions need to take dynamically varying constraints into account, concerning arrivals and departure times, grid capacity, power consumption, green electricity generation, etc. Hence a multi-objective optimisation problem needs to be solved, in order to optimise for the different criteria. By incorporating predicted trends for loads, better results can be obtained than when only considering the current situation. Agent-based decentralised and hierarchic coordination mechanisms provide such functionality in a scalable yet robust way. Modular implementation allows flexibility.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134081430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162695
M. B. Line, Inger Anne Tøndel, M. Jaatun
The introduction of telecommunication in the energy grid, leading the way towards Smart Grids, challenges the way safe operations have traditionally been assured in the energy sector. New cyber security challenges emerge, especially related to privacy, connectivity and security management, and these need to be properly addressed. Existing cyber security technology and good practice mainly come from the traditional telecommunication environment where the requirements on safety and availability are less strict. For Smart Grids, lessons can be learned from the oil and gas industry on how they have dealt with security challenges in their implementation of integrated operations. Still, Smart Grids face a slightly different reality, due to their extensive geographical distribution and the enormous number of end-users. The contribution of this paper is a survey of cyber security challenges for Smart Grids, together with a roadmap of how these challenges must be addressed in the near future.
{"title":"Cyber security challenges in Smart Grids","authors":"M. B. Line, Inger Anne Tøndel, M. Jaatun","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162695","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of telecommunication in the energy grid, leading the way towards Smart Grids, challenges the way safe operations have traditionally been assured in the energy sector. New cyber security challenges emerge, especially related to privacy, connectivity and security management, and these need to be properly addressed. Existing cyber security technology and good practice mainly come from the traditional telecommunication environment where the requirements on safety and availability are less strict. For Smart Grids, lessons can be learned from the oil and gas industry on how they have dealt with security challenges in their implementation of integrated operations. Still, Smart Grids face a slightly different reality, due to their extensive geographical distribution and the enormous number of end-users. The contribution of this paper is a survey of cyber security challenges for Smart Grids, together with a roadmap of how these challenges must be addressed in the near future.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134101077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162674
Moshe C. Kinn
The need and advantages of the use of direct current voltage for domestic usage has been presented, however at a very-low dc voltage, the system suffers from voltage loss constraints and higher than usual load currents. Some of the parameters that cause load-induced voltage drops and the resultant ramifications to the usability of the electric network are discussed. The system needs a dynamic mechanism to control the voltage at any node each and every time a new load is connected or a load is removed from the system. This paper seeks to use smart house technology in the form of a smart grid, intelligent appliances and interactive power nodes to circumvent and mitigate these problems. The requirements and possible components that the smart grid will need to provide, are set forth. The use of power line communications over the DC electricity mains using CAN-bus or LIN-bus protocols is discussed.
{"title":"Proposed components for the design of a smart nano-grid for a domestic electrical system that operates at below 50V DC","authors":"Moshe C. Kinn","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162674","url":null,"abstract":"The need and advantages of the use of direct current voltage for domestic usage has been presented, however at a very-low dc voltage, the system suffers from voltage loss constraints and higher than usual load currents. Some of the parameters that cause load-induced voltage drops and the resultant ramifications to the usability of the electric network are discussed. The system needs a dynamic mechanism to control the voltage at any node each and every time a new load is connected or a load is removed from the system. This paper seeks to use smart house technology in the form of a smart grid, intelligent appliances and interactive power nodes to circumvent and mitigate these problems. The requirements and possible components that the smart grid will need to provide, are set forth. The use of power line communications over the DC electricity mains using CAN-bus or LIN-bus protocols is discussed.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133553226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162798
S. Veleva, D. Davcev, M. Kacarska
Wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN) integrated with computer intelligence have recently been proposed for a large range of applications for energy management systems. This paper presents an original smart platform for Home Energy Management System, which embeds computer intelligence for optimization of the power consumption of controllable appliances based on retail pricing schemes, knowledge representation by classification rules of different appliances and decision trees based on their consumption behavior, without disturbing the living comfort of the home owners. Our platform provides easy access to selected displays of switching status and consumption of all appliances, as well as remote overview of the information in tabular and graph form data and power consumption control via smart phones and remote terminal computer. As an additional benefit, the system detects supply voltages out of the allowed limits and protects controllable appliances by switching off the supply.
{"title":"Wireless smart platform for Home Energy Management System","authors":"S. Veleva, D. Davcev, M. Kacarska","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162798","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN) integrated with computer intelligence have recently been proposed for a large range of applications for energy management systems. This paper presents an original smart platform for Home Energy Management System, which embeds computer intelligence for optimization of the power consumption of controllable appliances based on retail pricing schemes, knowledge representation by classification rules of different appliances and decision trees based on their consumption behavior, without disturbing the living comfort of the home owners. Our platform provides easy access to selected displays of switching status and consumption of all appliances, as well as remote overview of the information in tabular and graph form data and power consumption control via smart phones and remote terminal computer. As an additional benefit, the system detects supply voltages out of the allowed limits and protects controllable appliances by switching off the supply.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121751764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162756
A. Adrees, J. Milanović
This paper presents a comparison of torsional torques in the shafts of multi stage steam turbines in meshed AC networks, as well as, in networks that employ HVDC lines in parallel to existing AC transmission corridors. A full multi stage turbine model, a four machine meshed AC system and a HVDC system have been developed in DigSilent. The mechanical parameters of turbine-generator shaft system are modeled using probability density functions in order to assess more realistically the risk of rise of sub synchronous resonance (SSR) in meshed networks with HVDC lines.
{"title":"Subsynchronous resonance in meshed networks with HVDC lines","authors":"A. Adrees, J. Milanović","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162756","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparison of torsional torques in the shafts of multi stage steam turbines in meshed AC networks, as well as, in networks that employ HVDC lines in parallel to existing AC transmission corridors. A full multi stage turbine model, a four machine meshed AC system and a HVDC system have been developed in DigSilent. The mechanical parameters of turbine-generator shaft system are modeled using probability density functions in order to assess more realistically the risk of rise of sub synchronous resonance (SSR) in meshed networks with HVDC lines.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126112381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162825
A. Apostolov
The development and implementation of Smart Grid systems requires good understanding not only of the functionality of such systems, but also of the communication interfaces, types of messages being used and the performance requirements that need to be met to satisfy the functional specification.
{"title":"IEC 61850 based components, interfaces and services for a Smart Grid","authors":"A. Apostolov","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162825","url":null,"abstract":"The development and implementation of Smart Grid systems requires good understanding not only of the functionality of such systems, but also of the communication interfaces, types of messages being used and the performance requirements that need to be met to satisfy the functional specification.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129086766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162701
D. Dolezilek
The simple truth to making the distribution grid smarter is to deploy communications and leverage advanced controls that are commonplace in substation automation, remedial action schemes, power management systems, and industrial closed-loop power automation. The untapped powerful information within the protection, control, and monitoring intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) can be leveraged. Dramatic distribution automation improvements are available by simply enabling and coordinating the unused automation capabilities of the numerous isolated IEDs already in service throughout the power system via distributed communications. These improvements automatically and rapidly isolate faults, restore power, monitor demand, and maintain and restore stability for more reliable generation, transmission, and delivery of electric power. By communicating with one another to accomplish tasks formerly done by humans or left undone, these IEDs observe the state of the power system, make educated decisions, and then take action to preserve the stability and performance of the grid. The smart grid is a collection of information sources and the automatic control systems that manage the delivery of power, understand the changes in demand, and react to it by managing demand response. This paper focuses on distribution-level protection and automation techniques illustrated with real-world case study examples.
{"title":"Case study of practical applications of smart grid technologies","authors":"D. Dolezilek","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162701","url":null,"abstract":"The simple truth to making the distribution grid smarter is to deploy communications and leverage advanced controls that are commonplace in substation automation, remedial action schemes, power management systems, and industrial closed-loop power automation. The untapped powerful information within the protection, control, and monitoring intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) can be leveraged. Dramatic distribution automation improvements are available by simply enabling and coordinating the unused automation capabilities of the numerous isolated IEDs already in service throughout the power system via distributed communications. These improvements automatically and rapidly isolate faults, restore power, monitor demand, and maintain and restore stability for more reliable generation, transmission, and delivery of electric power. By communicating with one another to accomplish tasks formerly done by humans or left undone, these IEDs observe the state of the power system, make educated decisions, and then take action to preserve the stability and performance of the grid. The smart grid is a collection of information sources and the automatic control systems that manage the delivery of power, understand the changes in demand, and react to it by managing demand response. This paper focuses on distribution-level protection and automation techniques illustrated with real-world case study examples.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129496337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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