Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162735
Saraansh Dave, M. Sooriyabandara, Luyang Zhang
Demand response is considered as a technique to address Smart Grid requirements such as reduction of peak electricity production, improving stability and integration of renewable electricity. In this paper an automated DR mechanism is implemented by applying game-theoretic principles to the interaction and dependency of individual consumer requirements. Game theory has been used as an abstraction of consumer behavior to create an optimal load schedule in a day-ahead electricity market for a group of households. This abstraction is then taken further into a real-time scenario where automated home energy managing devices attempt to maintain Nash equilibrium under persistent varying unplanned electricity consumption.
{"title":"Application of a game-theoretic energy management algorithm in a hybrid predictive-adaptive scenario","authors":"Saraansh Dave, M. Sooriyabandara, Luyang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162735","url":null,"abstract":"Demand response is considered as a technique to address Smart Grid requirements such as reduction of peak electricity production, improving stability and integration of renewable electricity. In this paper an automated DR mechanism is implemented by applying game-theoretic principles to the interaction and dependency of individual consumer requirements. Game theory has been used as an abstraction of consumer behavior to create an optimal load schedule in a day-ahead electricity market for a group of households. This abstraction is then taken further into a real-time scenario where automated home energy managing devices attempt to maintain Nash equilibrium under persistent varying unplanned electricity consumption.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126346750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162815
Won-Seok Lee, Sang-Hee Kang
In this paper, an analysis results for the protection of a DC micro-grid is described. The 400V DC micro-grid consists of a wind power system (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, PMSG), a photo-voltaic system, a fuel cell system and energy storages. Abnormal operating conditions during various faults are studied. According to a series of studies, a protection scheme for a DC micro-grid is suggested. An algorithm which can be used for discriminating the stable abnormal operating condition from the faults which should be cleared is also presented. All case studies are simulated with PSCAD /EMTDC.
{"title":"Protection for distributed generations in the DC micro-grid","authors":"Won-Seok Lee, Sang-Hee Kang","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162815","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an analysis results for the protection of a DC micro-grid is described. The 400V DC micro-grid consists of a wind power system (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, PMSG), a photo-voltaic system, a fuel cell system and energy storages. Abnormal operating conditions during various faults are studied. According to a series of studies, a protection scheme for a DC micro-grid is suggested. An algorithm which can be used for discriminating the stable abnormal operating condition from the faults which should be cleared is also presented. All case studies are simulated with PSCAD /EMTDC.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123751619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162614
Pelqim Spahiu, I. Evans
This paper highlights some important design aspects that a Protection and Control system should have when applied to protecting a Smart Grid or Smart Transmission & Distribution Substation. These aspects are aimed at de-risking the designs and, at the same time, reducing overall project cost. The electricity industries of many countries currently only put equipment into service following thorough design checks and detailed site commissioning using highly skilled engineering personnel. Such a thorough and detailed approach increases the overall cost of a project. Although best endeavors are made to identify and resolve all errors at the design and site commissioning stages, it is often not practicable to eliminate them all. This situation triggers a need for designs to be of such a nature that those errors, which may have slipped through during the site commissioning, get automatically detected prior to equipment operating on the live system.
{"title":"Protection Systems that verify and supervise themselves","authors":"Pelqim Spahiu, I. Evans","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162614","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights some important design aspects that a Protection and Control system should have when applied to protecting a Smart Grid or Smart Transmission & Distribution Substation. These aspects are aimed at de-risking the designs and, at the same time, reducing overall project cost. The electricity industries of many countries currently only put equipment into service following thorough design checks and detailed site commissioning using highly skilled engineering personnel. Such a thorough and detailed approach increases the overall cost of a project. Although best endeavors are made to identify and resolve all errors at the design and site commissioning stages, it is often not practicable to eliminate them all. This situation triggers a need for designs to be of such a nature that those errors, which may have slipped through during the site commissioning, get automatically detected prior to equipment operating on the live system.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121628978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162793
Peiyuan Chen, B. Bak‐Jensen, Zhe Chen
This paper proposes an optimization algorithm to find the maximum wind installation in a radial distribution network. The algorithm imposes a limit on the amount of wind energy that can be curtailed annually. The algorithm implements the wind turbine reactive power control and wind energy curtailment using sensitivity factors. The optimization is integrated with Monte Carlo simulation to account for the stochastic behavior of load demand and wind power generation. The proposed algorithm is tested on a real 20 kV Danish distribution system in Støvring. It is demonstrated that the algorithm executes reactive compensation and energy curtailment sequentially in an effective and efficient manner.
{"title":"Stochastic evaluation of maximum wind installation in a radial distribution network","authors":"Peiyuan Chen, B. Bak‐Jensen, Zhe Chen","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162793","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an optimization algorithm to find the maximum wind installation in a radial distribution network. The algorithm imposes a limit on the amount of wind energy that can be curtailed annually. The algorithm implements the wind turbine reactive power control and wind energy curtailment using sensitivity factors. The optimization is integrated with Monte Carlo simulation to account for the stochastic behavior of load demand and wind power generation. The proposed algorithm is tested on a real 20 kV Danish distribution system in Støvring. It is demonstrated that the algorithm executes reactive compensation and energy curtailment sequentially in an effective and efficient manner.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121549561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162684
K. Razazian, J. Yazdani
In order to address the energy needs of tomorrow, powerline communication is seen as one of the enabling technologies for smart grid. In particular, the U.S. distribution grid in the rural area offers a great platform for powerline communication. In this paper we discuss the U.S. distribution grid topology and demonstrate how a PLC network can be deployed. We also show some field trial results along with data showing the noise and interference sources in the grid. The field trial results demonstrate that crossing the transformer is key for smart grid PLC deployment in the U.S. Moreover, it is shown that the channel conditions are often very poor requiring very robust mode of operation. We conclude by showing that a G3-PLC system is capable of handling such severe conditions including crossing transformers due to its robust mode of operation and its adaptive tone mapping capabilities is a suitable communication device for smart grid application.
{"title":"Utilizing beyond CENELEC standards for smart grid technology","authors":"K. Razazian, J. Yazdani","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162684","url":null,"abstract":"In order to address the energy needs of tomorrow, powerline communication is seen as one of the enabling technologies for smart grid. In particular, the U.S. distribution grid in the rural area offers a great platform for powerline communication. In this paper we discuss the U.S. distribution grid topology and demonstrate how a PLC network can be deployed. We also show some field trial results along with data showing the noise and interference sources in the grid. The field trial results demonstrate that crossing the transformer is key for smart grid PLC deployment in the U.S. Moreover, it is shown that the channel conditions are often very poor requiring very robust mode of operation. We conclude by showing that a G3-PLC system is capable of handling such severe conditions including crossing transformers due to its robust mode of operation and its adaptive tone mapping capabilities is a suitable communication device for smart grid application.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122063485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6163619
Jhi-Young Joo, M. Ilić
Adaptive load management (ALM) is a new way to balance power supply and demand by capturing the economic value each market participant sees, and finds the optimum by iterating the information between various market layers and by adjusting their transactions accordingly. Load serving entities (LSEs) play a role as a mediator between the supply and the demand in this framework. In this paper, we discuss the aspect of the risk minimization of an LSE by purchasing electricity at a volatile and risky spot market price, while meeting the end-users' energy needs represented by a state space model and constraints of an optimization problem. We propose a new concept that looks not only into the risk at the independent time steps in a single spot market but also into the correlated risks between different time steps and different spot markets, using Markowitz optimization. The proposed concept is also novel in the sense that it deploys loads with different physical characteristics (or storage with different time constants) for the spot markets with different time scales and intervals. We show through a simulation a possible benefit and drawback of this LSE's risk minimization framework compared to cost minimization without risk management. We conclude that there is a clear tradeoff between minimizing the risk of uncertainty and maximizing the profit of an LSE. Also, risk in different time scales should be managed in different ways with the right information exchange and technology infrastructure to fully utilize the adaptability of the loads to the volatile price signal.
自适应负荷管理(ALM)是一种平衡电力供需的新方法，它通过捕捉每个市场参与者所看到的经济价值，并通过在不同市场层之间迭代信息并相应地调整其交易来找到最佳方案。在此框架中，负荷服务实体(Load service entities, lse)扮演着供需之间的中介角色。本文通过状态空间模型和优化问题的约束，讨论了LSE在满足终端用户的能源需求的情况下，以波动和有风险的现货市场价格购买电力的风险最小化问题。我们提出了一个新的概念，它不仅考虑单个现货市场中独立时间步长的风险，而且考虑不同时间步长与不同现货市场之间的相关风险，使用马科维茨优化。所提出的概念在某种意义上也是新颖的，它为具有不同时间尺度和间隔的现货市场部署具有不同物理特性(或具有不同时间常数的存储)的负载。我们通过模拟展示了与没有风险管理的成本最小化相比，LSE风险最小化框架可能的优点和缺点。我们得出结论，在最小化不确定性风险和最大化LSE利润之间存在明显的权衡。此外，在不同的时间尺度下，应通过适当的信息交换和技术基础设施以不同的方式管理风险，以充分利用负荷对波动的价格信号的适应性。
{"title":"Multi-temporal risk minimization of adaptive load management in electricity spot markets","authors":"Jhi-Young Joo, M. Ilić","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6163619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6163619","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive load management (ALM) is a new way to balance power supply and demand by capturing the economic value each market participant sees, and finds the optimum by iterating the information between various market layers and by adjusting their transactions accordingly. Load serving entities (LSEs) play a role as a mediator between the supply and the demand in this framework. In this paper, we discuss the aspect of the risk minimization of an LSE by purchasing electricity at a volatile and risky spot market price, while meeting the end-users' energy needs represented by a state space model and constraints of an optimization problem. We propose a new concept that looks not only into the risk at the independent time steps in a single spot market but also into the correlated risks between different time steps and different spot markets, using Markowitz optimization. The proposed concept is also novel in the sense that it deploys loads with different physical characteristics (or storage with different time constants) for the spot markets with different time scales and intervals. We show through a simulation a possible benefit and drawback of this LSE's risk minimization framework compared to cost minimization without risk management. We conclude that there is a clear tradeoff between minimizing the risk of uncertainty and maximizing the profit of an LSE. Also, risk in different time scales should be managed in different ways with the right information exchange and technology infrastructure to fully utilize the adaptability of the loads to the volatile price signal.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123120301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162702
A. Barnes, J. Balda, Scott O. Geurin, A. Escobar-Mejía
Energy storage units (ESU) can reduce the cost of purchased electricity under time-of-use (TOU) pricing. To maximize the cost reduction, the chemistries, capacities, and charge/discharge schedules of the batteries used in the ESU must be selected appropriately. The batteries must have sufficient capacities to supply the energy demanded by the charge/discharge profiles and to meet the project lifetime. The ESU responds to a TOU price structure. The ESU output power is limited by the rating of the power electronic interface. The cost of the ESU is assumed to increase linearly with battery capacity. A method using linear optimization is developed that determines the battery chemistries, capacities, and charge/discharge schedules simultaneously. The method shows that the Li-Ion battery chemistry is the most cost effective technology due to its high efficiency and that an 11-year project lifetime is most profitable.
{"title":"Optimal battery chemistry, capacity selection, charge/discharge schedule, and lifetime of energy storage under time-of-use pricing","authors":"A. Barnes, J. Balda, Scott O. Geurin, A. Escobar-Mejía","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162702","url":null,"abstract":"Energy storage units (ESU) can reduce the cost of purchased electricity under time-of-use (TOU) pricing. To maximize the cost reduction, the chemistries, capacities, and charge/discharge schedules of the batteries used in the ESU must be selected appropriately. The batteries must have sufficient capacities to supply the energy demanded by the charge/discharge profiles and to meet the project lifetime. The ESU responds to a TOU price structure. The ESU output power is limited by the rating of the power electronic interface. The cost of the ESU is assumed to increase linearly with battery capacity. A method using linear optimization is developed that determines the battery chemistries, capacities, and charge/discharge schedules simultaneously. The method shows that the Li-Ion battery chemistry is the most cost effective technology due to its high efficiency and that an 11-year project lifetime is most profitable.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129559887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162805
P. Stoll, G. Bag, J. Rossebø, Larisa Rizvanovic, Mikael Åkerholm
Active House is a concept developed by a large collaboration of actors from the automation and power industry and research institutes in Sweden. The frame is the Stockholm City's Royal Seaport city development area which focuses on sustainable development and extensive CO2 reductions. The residential building is called an “Active House” since it has active interaction between the electricity consumer and the utility. The active interaction aims at reducing utilization of electricity production with high CO2 emissions and includes customer-controlled post-shift and reduction of the consumer's electricity loads and local electricity production using Solar PV systems. This paper presents the Active House collaboration, the household incentives to participate and its energy management system used to shift and reduce electric loads, and also discusses the hourly CO2 emission model and some of its simulation results for the Swedish and the United Kingdom power system.
{"title":"Scheduling residential electric loads for green house gas reductions","authors":"P. Stoll, G. Bag, J. Rossebø, Larisa Rizvanovic, Mikael Åkerholm","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162805","url":null,"abstract":"Active House is a concept developed by a large collaboration of actors from the automation and power industry and research institutes in Sweden. The frame is the Stockholm City's Royal Seaport city development area which focuses on sustainable development and extensive CO2 reductions. The residential building is called an “Active House” since it has active interaction between the electricity consumer and the utility. The active interaction aims at reducing utilization of electricity production with high CO2 emissions and includes customer-controlled post-shift and reduction of the consumer's electricity loads and local electricity production using Solar PV systems. This paper presents the Active House collaboration, the household incentives to participate and its energy management system used to shift and reduce electric loads, and also discusses the hourly CO2 emission model and some of its simulation results for the Swedish and the United Kingdom power system.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131092492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162670
R. Groot, P. Karaliolios, J. Slootweg, W. Kling
The increasing penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) units connected to the distribution network, driven mainly by environmental reasons, gives the opportunity to consider islanded operation of electricity distribution grids. Grid disturbances at the transmission level can lead to power interruptions in extended areas. This paper examines the possibility to operate an area with a significant penetration level of Combined Heat and Power plants (CHP) connected to a Medium Voltage (MV) grid autonomously. In this way, a loss of the connection with the High Voltage (HV) grid due to planned or unplanned events could be survived instead of resulting in an outage. Previous work has shown that local power balance is an important factor affecting the successful formation of an MV island; therefore in this paper an overall approach, concerning also large imbalances is presented. For this purpose, the operation of DG units, how these units manage to contribute to the voltage and frequency control during the switch to autonomous operation, how advanced load techniques can help, and how this affects the operational parameters (voltage and frequency) of the network are investigated.
{"title":"The effect of advanced load shedding in the formation of islanded MV grids","authors":"R. Groot, P. Karaliolios, J. Slootweg, W. Kling","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162670","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) units connected to the distribution network, driven mainly by environmental reasons, gives the opportunity to consider islanded operation of electricity distribution grids. Grid disturbances at the transmission level can lead to power interruptions in extended areas. This paper examines the possibility to operate an area with a significant penetration level of Combined Heat and Power plants (CHP) connected to a Medium Voltage (MV) grid autonomously. In this way, a loss of the connection with the High Voltage (HV) grid due to planned or unplanned events could be survived instead of resulting in an outage. Previous work has shown that local power balance is an important factor affecting the successful formation of an MV island; therefore in this paper an overall approach, concerning also large imbalances is presented. For this purpose, the operation of DG units, how these units manage to contribute to the voltage and frequency control during the switch to autonomous operation, how advanced load techniques can help, and how this affects the operational parameters (voltage and frequency) of the network are investigated.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134345216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162773
A. Probst, M. Braun, J. Backes, S. Tenbohlen
This contribution proposes a method to analyze the capabilities of low voltage grids to meet the demands of additional loads due to electric mobility. Probabilistic load models for both the domestic and electric vehicle loads are developed to give insight into the stochastic nature of load distribution and voltage bands. The results not only provide the maximum voltage deviations, but their probability of occurrence during a given period of time. With this information, a recommendation for future grid planning can be developed, which takes into account the increasing load caused by electric mobility. Furthermore, a load management system is proposed to reduce maximum load thus avoiding costs for increasing feeder capacities.
{"title":"Probabilistic analysis of voltage bands stressed by electric mobility","authors":"A. Probst, M. Braun, J. Backes, S. Tenbohlen","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162773","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution proposes a method to analyze the capabilities of low voltage grids to meet the demands of additional loads due to electric mobility. Probabilistic load models for both the domestic and electric vehicle loads are developed to give insight into the stochastic nature of load distribution and voltage bands. The results not only provide the maximum voltage deviations, but their probability of occurrence during a given period of time. With this information, a recommendation for future grid planning can be developed, which takes into account the increasing load caused by electric mobility. Furthermore, a load management system is proposed to reduce maximum load thus avoiding costs for increasing feeder capacities.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131967336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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