Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836211009653
C. P. Nanda
A massive corpus of historical scholarship has been produced in the last few decades exploring specificities underlying the triad of disease, health and medicine. The present work explores the linkages between medical knowledge and colonial power drawing resources from the medical archive. The focus of this essay pertains to the study of disease and medicine in relation to their extent of influence on colonial policy and the colonising process and on those who were colonised in the context of a specific locality or a region. It seeks to delineate the career of vaccination as it shaped up through a web of complexities in the context of Orissa including the attendant response of people to such interventions during the colonial rule. The colonial strategy to address the issue of smallpox epidemic and vaccination not only provides an understanding of the acutely limited nature of preventive medicine but also how a ‘political’ reading of the disease took precedence over its overt medical implications. The study further attempts to illustrate the specificities associated with the processes of colonial medical interventions to discipline a region like Orissa which the colonial authorities saw as a ‘pathological province’.
{"title":"Disciplining a ‘Pathological Province’? Orissa, Smallpox and Colonial Order","authors":"C. P. Nanda","doi":"10.1177/03769836211009653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836211009653","url":null,"abstract":"A massive corpus of historical scholarship has been produced in the last few decades exploring specificities underlying the triad of disease, health and medicine. The present work explores the linkages between medical knowledge and colonial power drawing resources from the medical archive. The focus of this essay pertains to the study of disease and medicine in relation to their extent of influence on colonial policy and the colonising process and on those who were colonised in the context of a specific locality or a region. It seeks to delineate the career of vaccination as it shaped up through a web of complexities in the context of Orissa including the attendant response of people to such interventions during the colonial rule. The colonial strategy to address the issue of smallpox epidemic and vaccination not only provides an understanding of the acutely limited nature of preventive medicine but also how a ‘political’ reading of the disease took precedence over its overt medical implications. The study further attempts to illustrate the specificities associated with the processes of colonial medical interventions to discipline a region like Orissa which the colonial authorities saw as a ‘pathological province’.","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"23 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87150281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836211009705
Godwin Emmanuel Jeyaraj, Meenatchi Sundaram
Human settlements evolved over time and the historic towns of yesterday are the growing urban centres of today. The built environment in historic areas is undergoing such rapid transformation that visitors are no longer able to experience cultural values of the past. Identifying the cultural values that people experience in terms of the qualities of what, where and how may support a more realistic form of conservation planning. To assess one’s cultural experience in a historic centre, it is important to delineate the significant architectural heritage and its multiple qualities across time. For the purposes of this heritage value study, the historic city of Tiruchirappalli in southern India is chosen. The city, one of the oldest in India, is situated on the banks of a river and comprises an age-old hillock and many other important built forms. Using rapid ethnographic assessment methods, 12 characteristic forms were found and these were categorised according to eight qualities: historical, sacred, visual, spatial, functional, physical, memorable and sensitive. The validity of these qualities from peoples’ experiences on cultural values require further examination on a few sample streets with special focus on where and how visitors and residents feel the strongest sense of place.
{"title":"Assessing Cultural Experiences in Historic Urban Centres: Built Forms and Qualities","authors":"Godwin Emmanuel Jeyaraj, Meenatchi Sundaram","doi":"10.1177/03769836211009705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836211009705","url":null,"abstract":"Human settlements evolved over time and the historic towns of yesterday are the growing urban centres of today. The built environment in historic areas is undergoing such rapid transformation that visitors are no longer able to experience cultural values of the past. Identifying the cultural values that people experience in terms of the qualities of what, where and how may support a more realistic form of conservation planning. To assess one’s cultural experience in a historic centre, it is important to delineate the significant architectural heritage and its multiple qualities across time. For the purposes of this heritage value study, the historic city of Tiruchirappalli in southern India is chosen. The city, one of the oldest in India, is situated on the banks of a river and comprises an age-old hillock and many other important built forms. Using rapid ethnographic assessment methods, 12 characteristic forms were found and these were categorised according to eight qualities: historical, sacred, visual, spatial, functional, physical, memorable and sensitive. The validity of these qualities from peoples’ experiences on cultural values require further examination on a few sample streets with special focus on where and how visitors and residents feel the strongest sense of place.","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"55 1 1","pages":"43 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75859028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836211009651
C. Wickramasinghe
Alexander the Great usurped the Achaemenid Empire in 331 bc, captured Swat and Punjab in 327 bc, and subdued the region to the west of the Indus and fought with Porus at the Hydaspes in 326 bc. But he was forced to return home when the army refused to proceed. Some of his soldiers remained in India and its periphery while some joined Alexander in his homeward journey. When Alexander died in 323 bc his successors (diodochoi) fought to divide the empire among themselves and established separate kingdoms. Though Alexander the Great and related matters were well expounded by scholars the hybrid communities that emerged or revived as a result of Alexander’s Indian invasions have attracted less or no attention. Accordingly, the present study intends to examine contribution of Alexander’s Indian invasion to the emergence of Greco-Indian hybrid communities in India and how Hellenic or Greek cultural features blended with the Indian culture through numismatic, epigraphic, architectural and any other archaeological evidence. This will also enable us to observe the hybridity that resulted from Alexander’s Indian invasion to understand the reception the Greeks received from the locals and the survival strategies of Greeks in these remote lands.
{"title":"The Indian Invasion of Alexander and the Emergence of Hybrid Cultures","authors":"C. Wickramasinghe","doi":"10.1177/03769836211009651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836211009651","url":null,"abstract":"Alexander the Great usurped the Achaemenid Empire in 331 bc, captured Swat and Punjab in 327 bc, and subdued the region to the west of the Indus and fought with Porus at the Hydaspes in 326 bc. But he was forced to return home when the army refused to proceed. Some of his soldiers remained in India and its periphery while some joined Alexander in his homeward journey. When Alexander died in 323 bc his successors (diodochoi) fought to divide the empire among themselves and established separate kingdoms. Though Alexander the Great and related matters were well expounded by scholars the hybrid communities that emerged or revived as a result of Alexander’s Indian invasions have attracted less or no attention. Accordingly, the present study intends to examine contribution of Alexander’s Indian invasion to the emergence of Greco-Indian hybrid communities in India and how Hellenic or Greek cultural features blended with the Indian culture through numismatic, epigraphic, architectural and any other archaeological evidence. This will also enable us to observe the hybridity that resulted from Alexander’s Indian invasion to understand the reception the Greeks received from the locals and the survival strategies of Greeks in these remote lands.","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"69 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85151206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836211009649
E. Bitinayte
An intercultural dialogue is the essential question in modernising societies. Non-Western thinkers (i.e., thinkers influenced by both traditional non-Western and modern Western cultures) are the active subjects of such intercommunications. Their existence on the joint of two civilisations forms their social, cultural and mental image. The intellectuals of this type are attached to both societies and at the same time, they are detached from each of them. Also, they play the role of mediators between two civilisations. These circumstances determine features of their participation in the intercultural dialogue: promote the understanding of two cultures by thinkers, obstruct the understanding of their ideas by compatriots and foreigners and help intellectuals to explain values and senses of one culture to representatives of another. These processes are illustrated in the article on M. K. Gandhi’s example. Consideration of the Indian thinker as a subject of intercultural communications reveals complexity of his views on the Western civilisation. The author comes to the conclusion that Gandhi was not a traditionalist and his rejection of modern Western civilisation means his call for shifting attention from the material sphere to the spiritual one.
{"title":"A Modern Non-Western Thinker as a Subject of Intercultural Dialogue (Based on M. K. Gandhi’s Example)","authors":"E. Bitinayte","doi":"10.1177/03769836211009649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836211009649","url":null,"abstract":"An intercultural dialogue is the essential question in modernising societies. Non-Western thinkers (i.e., thinkers influenced by both traditional non-Western and modern Western cultures) are the active subjects of such intercommunications. Their existence on the joint of two civilisations forms their social, cultural and mental image. The intellectuals of this type are attached to both societies and at the same time, they are detached from each of them. Also, they play the role of mediators between two civilisations. These circumstances determine features of their participation in the intercultural dialogue: promote the understanding of two cultures by thinkers, obstruct the understanding of their ideas by compatriots and foreigners and help intellectuals to explain values and senses of one culture to representatives of another. These processes are illustrated in the article on M. K. Gandhi’s example. Consideration of the Indian thinker as a subject of intercultural communications reveals complexity of his views on the Western civilisation. The author comes to the conclusion that Gandhi was not a traditionalist and his rejection of modern Western civilisation means his call for shifting attention from the material sphere to the spiritual one.","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"7 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85305317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836211010112
A. K. Thakur
B. D. Chattopadhyaya, The Concept of ‘Bharatavarsha’ and Other Essays. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2018 (first published for South Asia by Permanent Black, Delhi, 2018), x + 240 pp., ₹900, ISBN: 9781438471754.
{"title":"Book review: B. D. Chattopadhyaya, The Concept of ‘Bharatavarsha’ and Other Essays","authors":"A. K. Thakur","doi":"10.1177/03769836211010112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836211010112","url":null,"abstract":"B. D. Chattopadhyaya, The Concept of ‘Bharatavarsha’ and Other Essays. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2018 (first published for South Asia by Permanent Black, Delhi, 2018), x + 240 pp., ₹900, ISBN: 9781438471754.","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"165 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85102776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836211009711
Z. A. Hashmi
With the advent of the British in India, the colonial institutions were introduced throughout the country. In the Bahawalpur State, the Agency government stimulated the fiscal patterns of British India particularly its settlement policy, which brought amelioration in the native revenue system. This paper traces the historical process of land settlement for revenue generation and their impact over the agrarian economy of the State. These settlements became the major contributing factor towards the economic advancement. The different phases of settlement of land, along with the extent of government demand are established in this research. The third phase of land settlement resulted by the beginning of weir control water system, brought some revolutionary changes in the land pattern and revenue structure therefore, it has been particularly focused in this paper. The data for this study is mainly based on unpublished archival documents and unpublished assessment reports.
{"title":"Land Revenue Settlements: The Magnitudes of Economic Development in the State of Bahawalpur (1866–1947)","authors":"Z. A. Hashmi","doi":"10.1177/03769836211009711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836211009711","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of the British in India, the colonial institutions were introduced throughout the country. In the Bahawalpur State, the Agency government stimulated the fiscal patterns of British India particularly its settlement policy, which brought amelioration in the native revenue system. This paper traces the historical process of land settlement for revenue generation and their impact over the agrarian economy of the State. These settlements became the major contributing factor towards the economic advancement. The different phases of settlement of land, along with the extent of government demand are established in this research. The third phase of land settlement resulted by the beginning of weir control water system, brought some revolutionary changes in the land pattern and revenue structure therefore, it has been particularly focused in this paper. The data for this study is mainly based on unpublished archival documents and unpublished assessment reports.","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"32 1","pages":"131 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88792722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836211010066
Vishnu Purana, Nanditha Krishna, C. P. Ramaswami, A. D. Heering
Alexandra de Heering, Speak, Memory: Oral Histories of Kodaikanal Dalits. Puducherry: Institut Français de Pondichéry, 2018, xxi + 401 pp., ₹1200, ISBN: 9788184702200.
{"title":"Book review: Alexandra de Heering, Speak, Memory: Oral Histories of Kodaikanal Dalits","authors":"Vishnu Purana, Nanditha Krishna, C. P. Ramaswami, A. D. Heering","doi":"10.1177/03769836211010066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836211010066","url":null,"abstract":"Alexandra de Heering, Speak, Memory: Oral Histories of Kodaikanal Dalits. Puducherry: Institut Français de Pondichéry, 2018, xxi + 401 pp., ₹1200, ISBN: 9788184702200.","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"216 S1","pages":"175 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/03769836211010066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72416912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836211009733
D. Komala
Lingayats hold a distinct position in the history of Karnataka beginning with the cultural legacy from the twelfth century and continuing into the twentieth century for the prominent role in the non-Brahmin movement by deploying education as a means to achieve social mobility and to attain solidarity among the various sections of the diverse community. The possible loss of social status in the caste hierarchy in the late nineteenth century prompted Lingayat caste entities to embark on the legacy of Sanskrit scholarship that was eventually deployed to lay an unprecedented claim in Sanskrit education across the region of Kannada speaking territory. This study explores how the usage of Sanskrit for mass education by the Lingayat mathas enabled caste consolidation, by re-appropriating a Brahmanical language in Mysore state and to certain extent in the region of Bombay Karnataka. Through this exploration, it pushes us to re-consider the Brahmin-non-Brahmin binary, within which the history of education in the Mysore princely state is narrated from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century.
{"title":"Lingayats and the Yearning for the ‘Language of the Gods’ in the 1910s–1940s","authors":"D. Komala","doi":"10.1177/03769836211009733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836211009733","url":null,"abstract":"Lingayats hold a distinct position in the history of Karnataka beginning with the cultural legacy from the twelfth century and continuing into the twentieth century for the prominent role in the non-Brahmin movement by deploying education as a means to achieve social mobility and to attain solidarity among the various sections of the diverse community. The possible loss of social status in the caste hierarchy in the late nineteenth century prompted Lingayat caste entities to embark on the legacy of Sanskrit scholarship that was eventually deployed to lay an unprecedented claim in Sanskrit education across the region of Kannada speaking territory. This study explores how the usage of Sanskrit for mass education by the Lingayat mathas enabled caste consolidation, by re-appropriating a Brahmanical language in Mysore state and to certain extent in the region of Bombay Karnataka. Through this exploration, it pushes us to re-consider the Brahmin-non-Brahmin binary, within which the history of education in the Mysore princely state is narrated from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"3 1","pages":"108 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79025295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1177/03769836211010067
Monmayee Basu
Milinda Banerjee, The Mortal God: Imagining the Sovereign in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press, 2018, 435 pp., $120, ISBN: 9781107166561 (Hardback).
{"title":"Book review: Milinda Banerjee, The Mortal God: Imagining the Sovereign in Colonial India","authors":"Monmayee Basu","doi":"10.1177/03769836211010067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03769836211010067","url":null,"abstract":"Milinda Banerjee, The Mortal God: Imagining the Sovereign in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press, 2018, 435 pp., $120, ISBN: 9781107166561 (Hardback).","PeriodicalId":41945,"journal":{"name":"Indian Historical Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"169 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88712707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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