The outsourcing movement of the second half of the 20th century had fueled informality on its edges: illegal workers in European construction companies or sweatshops of subcontractors from developing countries with unsanitary buildings and degraded working conditions. Digitization in the 21st century has reconfigured this movement in an original way, shifting work towards the home or towards the sphere of everyday life. The article attempts to explain the ways in which capitalism invades spheres and areas that sometimes remained relatively unspoiled or free: random mobility of the driver or the rider of the platforms; interstitial temporality of the “turkers” or “click workers”, space for staging oneself or for gaming on YouTube; amateur management at Lego. The informality of capital is here the effect of the original process of market colonization of the interstitial time in everyday life.
{"title":"L’informalità del capitale: tempi, lavoro e capitalismo delle piattaforme","authors":"Patrick Cingolani","doi":"10.36253/cambio-10903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/cambio-10903","url":null,"abstract":"The outsourcing movement of the second half of the 20th century had fueled informality on its edges: illegal workers in European construction companies or sweatshops of subcontractors from developing countries with unsanitary buildings and degraded working conditions. Digitization in the 21st century has reconfigured this movement in an original way, shifting work towards the home or towards the sphere of everyday life. The article attempts to explain the ways in which capitalism invades spheres and areas that sometimes remained relatively unspoiled or free: random mobility of the driver or the rider of the platforms; interstitial temporality of the “turkers” or “click workers”, space for staging oneself or for gaming on YouTube; amateur management at Lego. The informality of capital is here the effect of the original process of market colonization of the interstitial time in everyday life.","PeriodicalId":41955,"journal":{"name":"Cambio-Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75904784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Domenico Trezza, Gabriella Punziano, Ciro Clemente De Falco
Related to the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-June 2020), some recent studies on the application of content analysis of geolocalized tweets (Bashar et alii 2020, Punziano et alii 2020) have demonstrated the negative relation between the Coronavirus spread (with Northern Italy most affected) and the polarity of social narratives about the pandemic. In brief, the «resilient» social narrative of the most impacted regions has corresponded to a negative and worried emergency narrative of the less affected regions. In relation to epidemiological data, the second phase of the pandemic (also referred to as the «second wave», in autumn 2020) has been very different from the first (ISSa 2020). The severity of emergency, without considering questions about the reliability of the first wave data (Istat 2020a), has been more relevant and homogeneous across Italy. The study questions whether there are differences between the geography of contagion and that of the narrative. Given the increasingly homogeneous spread of the virus, the assumption has been that the digital arena also has ended up showing a narrative more united on negative sentiments. The issue is addressed by analyzing a corpus of geolocalized tweets, extracted in the period from the new October lockdown to the partial and fragmented pre-Christmas reopenings in 2020. Following the application of a model combining text mining and GIS analysis, the most recurrent themes in social discourse on Twitter were mapped. This geography of emerging social narratives (COVID-Issues) compared with the geography of contagion spread (COVID-Spread) and the norms (COVID-Measures) allowed to detect the trend in the relationship of these three dimensions during the second emergence from COVID-19.
与COVID-19大流行的第一阶段(2020年3月至6月)有关，最近一些关于应用地理定位推文内容分析的研究(Bashar et alii 2020, Punziano et alii 2020)表明，冠状病毒传播(意大利北部受影响最大)与关于大流行的社会叙事极性之间存在负相关关系。简言之，受影响最严重地区的"复原"社会叙述与受影响较轻地区的消极和忧虑的紧急叙述相对应。就流行病学数据而言，大流行的第二阶段(也称为2020年秋季的"第二波")与第一阶段(ISSa 2020)有很大不同。在不考虑第一波数据(Istat 2020a)可靠性问题的情况下，紧急情况的严重程度在意大利各地更为相关和均匀。该研究质疑传染的地理位置与叙事的地理位置之间是否存在差异。鉴于病毒的传播越来越同质化，人们一直认为，数字领域最终也呈现出一种更加统一的负面情绪叙事。这个问题是通过分析地理定位的推文语料库来解决的，这些推文是从10月新的封锁到2020年圣诞节前部分和碎片化的重新开放期间提取的。应用文本挖掘和GIS分析相结合的模型，绘制了Twitter上社会话语中最常出现的主题。将新出现的社会叙事(COVID-Issues)的地理位置与传染传播(COVID-Spread)的地理位置和规范(COVID-Measures)进行比较，可以在COVID-19第二次出现期间发现这三个维度之间关系的趋势。
{"title":"Mappare il racconto, raccontare l’emergenza. Voci digitali dai territori","authors":"Domenico Trezza, Gabriella Punziano, Ciro Clemente De Falco","doi":"10.36253/cambio-10255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/cambio-10255","url":null,"abstract":"Related to the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-June 2020), some recent studies on the application of content analysis of geolocalized tweets (Bashar et alii 2020, Punziano et alii 2020) have demonstrated the negative relation between the Coronavirus spread (with Northern Italy most affected) and the polarity of social narratives about the pandemic. In brief, the «resilient» social narrative of the most impacted regions has corresponded to a negative and worried emergency narrative of the less affected regions. In relation to epidemiological data, the second phase of the pandemic (also referred to as the «second wave», in autumn 2020) has been very different from the first (ISSa 2020). The severity of emergency, without considering questions about the reliability of the first wave data (Istat 2020a), has been more relevant and homogeneous across Italy. The study questions whether there are differences between the geography of contagion and that of the narrative. Given the increasingly homogeneous spread of the virus, the assumption has been that the digital arena also has ended up showing a narrative more united on negative sentiments. The issue is addressed by analyzing a corpus of geolocalized tweets, extracted in the period from the new October lockdown to the partial and fragmented pre-Christmas reopenings in 2020. Following the application of a model combining text mining and GIS analysis, the most recurrent themes in social discourse on Twitter were mapped. This geography of emerging social narratives (COVID-Issues) compared with the geography of contagion spread (COVID-Spread) and the norms (COVID-Measures) allowed to detect the trend in the relationship of these three dimensions during the second emergence from COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":41955,"journal":{"name":"Cambio-Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81715920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facing the hitches of the neoliberal global turn, which first emerged with the 2008 financial crisis, social theory doesn’t appear able to provide an overall critical interpretation of the current regulation pattern and to imagine a different institutional regime, addressing the problems on the ground. This is an unprecedented situation. As we contend, social theory has always glimpsed well in advance the social system crises, assessing at the same time an alternative paradigm, thanks to a sort of canone inverso played against the coeval institutional regime: when a horizontal form of social regulation prevails in a given period, sociology adopts a knowledge paradigm based on the primacy of the vertical social dimensions. And vice-versa. This attitude transcends any conceptual content and mainly concerns the “form” of the theoretical building. In general, social theory opposed both the self-regulating market regime of the nineteenth century, and the following state-centered regime of the twentieth century. Sociology has found its raison d’être in this kind of critical monitoring towards social regulation. What happens today is that the dialectic between social theory and social regulation appears jammed. Evoking the case of the generative social action approach, the article shows that, contrary to the past intellectual seasons, the form of social theory “mirrors” the form of social regulation, instead of overturning it.
{"title":"The The lost canon. Social theory and social regulation from overturning to mirroring","authors":"Onofrio Romano","doi":"10.36253/cambio-10487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/cambio-10487","url":null,"abstract":"Facing the hitches of the neoliberal global turn, which first emerged with the 2008 financial crisis, social theory doesn’t appear able to provide an overall critical interpretation of the current regulation pattern and to imagine a different institutional regime, addressing the problems on the ground. This is an unprecedented situation. As we contend, social theory has always glimpsed well in advance the social system crises, assessing at the same time an alternative paradigm, thanks to a sort of canone inverso played against the coeval institutional regime: when a horizontal form of social regulation prevails in a given period, sociology adopts a knowledge paradigm based on the primacy of the vertical social dimensions. And vice-versa. This attitude transcends any conceptual content and mainly concerns the “form” of the theoretical building. In general, social theory opposed both the self-regulating market regime of the nineteenth century, and the following state-centered regime of the twentieth century. Sociology has found its raison d’être in this kind of critical monitoring towards social regulation. What happens today is that the dialectic between social theory and social regulation appears jammed. Evoking the case of the generative social action approach, the article shows that, contrary to the past intellectual seasons, the form of social theory “mirrors” the form of social regulation, instead of overturning it. ","PeriodicalId":41955,"journal":{"name":"Cambio-Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89908526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many consumers express concern about the ecological consequences of their purchases and go so far as to promote collective action to encourage the spread of practices that address environmental impacts. Among the informal initiatives promoting the culture of sharing and reusing objects, we are interested in the phenomenon of free shops. These activities are characterised by the fact that they are promoted by groups of citizens whose aim is to explore alternative routes to ecological transition, while at the same time proposing a critique of the dominant market model. In this paper, we wanted to highlight the modalities of ecological engagement through the individual and collective trajectories of the people who frequent these atypical places as they reveal the evolutions and contradictions that remain in the transition between social and ecological challenges.
{"title":"Negozi gratuiti: iniziative solidali per la valorizzazione e il riconoscimento dell'impegno ecologico","authors":"Elisabetta Bucolo","doi":"10.36253/cambio-10739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/cambio-10739","url":null,"abstract":"Many consumers express concern about the ecological consequences of their purchases and go so far as to promote collective action to encourage the spread of practices that address environmental impacts. Among the informal initiatives promoting the culture of sharing and reusing objects, we are interested in the phenomenon of free shops. These activities are characterised by the fact that they are promoted by groups of citizens whose aim is to explore alternative routes to ecological transition, while at the same time proposing a critique of the dominant market model. In this paper, we wanted to highlight the modalities of ecological engagement through the individual and collective trajectories of the people who frequent these atypical places as they reveal the evolutions and contradictions that remain in the transition between social and ecological challenges.","PeriodicalId":41955,"journal":{"name":"Cambio-Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74024169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article is to analyse the social transformations produced and observed in the field of waste management. In particular, the focus is on the «Zero Waste» strategy, which has been proposing for at least two decades at a global level an alternative model of waste governance to the one centred on incinerators and landfills. The article proposes a theoretical framework to describe the genesis of «Zero Waste» as a discursive practice, proposing to observe jointly its characteristic symbolic, technological and organisational elements. In reporting the results of an ethnographic research conducted on the case of «Zero Waste» in Italy, the article also focuses on the processes of knowledge exchange between social movements, local administrations, universities and municipalised companies, the conjunctions between ecological movements and movements for the commons, the start of processes of remunicipalisation of local public services starting from a new strategy of legitimation of the public vs. the private, and the progressive institutionalisation of political ecology in the European and local policy arena.
{"title":"Zero Waste. Gestione dei rifiuti e trasformazioni sociali","authors":"C. Marcianò","doi":"10.36253/cambio-10632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/cambio-10632","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to analyse the social transformations produced and observed in the field of waste management. In particular, the focus is on the «Zero Waste» strategy, which has been proposing for at least two decades at a global level an alternative model of waste governance to the one centred on incinerators and landfills. The article proposes a theoretical framework to describe the genesis of «Zero Waste» as a discursive practice, proposing to observe jointly its characteristic symbolic, technological and organisational elements. In reporting the results of an ethnographic research conducted on the case of «Zero Waste» in Italy, the article also focuses on the processes of knowledge exchange between social movements, local administrations, universities and municipalised companies, the conjunctions between ecological movements and movements for the commons, the start of processes of remunicipalisation of local public services starting from a new strategy of legitimation of the public vs. the private, and the progressive institutionalisation of political ecology in the European and local policy arena.","PeriodicalId":41955,"journal":{"name":"Cambio-Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84195627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As I show with examples from the Grundrisse and the Capital, some fundamentals of Marx’s critique of political economy can be rewritten with simple substitutions to yield surprisingly pertinent analyses of today’s “information society” and the role that data and AI play in it. The reason behind this strange phenomenon is that Marx’s penetrating study of money as a dehumanizing abstraction and self-replicating capital can be extended with minor changes to the main abstraction and “automatic fetish” of our historical regime: digital data. As money-capital tends to grow by itself independently of humans, so does data. AI is the main engine of this new dangerous cycle.
{"title":"Rewriting Marx to expose the data society and AI","authors":"Stefano Diana","doi":"10.36253/cambio-10637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/cambio-10637","url":null,"abstract":"As I show with examples from the Grundrisse and the Capital, some fundamentals of Marx’s critique of political economy can be rewritten with simple substitutions to yield surprisingly pertinent analyses of today’s “information society” and the role that data and AI play in it. The reason behind this strange phenomenon is that Marx’s penetrating study of money as a dehumanizing abstraction and self-replicating capital can be extended with minor changes to the main abstraction and “automatic fetish” of our historical regime: digital data. As money-capital tends to grow by itself independently of humans, so does data. AI is the main engine of this new dangerous cycle. ","PeriodicalId":41955,"journal":{"name":"Cambio-Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91050619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of CCs as tools for rebuilding local economies through communities appears to emerge from the Italian experience. The projects launched in our country range from community of businesses – closed circuits in which members voluntarily exchange goods and services, offsetting debts against credits – to projects characterized by solidarity and participatory systems aimed at strengthening community relations as well as at promoting sustainable development models. These systems lie on the border between formal/informal economic activities. The proximity to existing projects, a certain ability to intercept emerging requests as well as the need to face the effects of the crisis caused by the pandemic has pressured some Regions to include CCs in their legislations as an attempt to move these systems to formal economy. However, the promotion of the complementary currencies is basically an investment in relationships, therefore stimulating trust and a proactive role in community decision-making is an issue that cannot be resolved just through legislation. Consequently, local institutions must rethink and improve their role in order to be able to become themselves pro-active subjects for the development of community initiatives.
{"title":"Le monete complementari. Pratiche economiche e legislazione regionale","authors":"L. Giachi, F. Tuzi, Francesca Proia","doi":"10.36253/cambio-10730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/cambio-10730","url":null,"abstract":"The role of CCs as tools for rebuilding local economies through communities appears to emerge from the Italian experience. The projects launched in our country range from community of businesses – closed circuits in which members voluntarily exchange goods and services, offsetting debts against credits – to projects characterized by solidarity and participatory systems aimed at strengthening community relations as well as at promoting sustainable development models. These systems lie on the border between formal/informal economic activities. The proximity to existing projects, a certain ability to intercept emerging requests as well as the need to face the effects of the crisis caused by the pandemic has pressured some Regions to include CCs in their legislations as an attempt to move these systems to formal economy. However, the promotion of the complementary currencies is basically an investment in relationships, therefore stimulating trust and a proactive role in community decision-making is an issue that cannot be resolved just through legislation. Consequently, local institutions must rethink and improve their role in order to be able to become themselves pro-active subjects for the development of community initiatives. ","PeriodicalId":41955,"journal":{"name":"Cambio-Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72819862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.25145/B.INNOVAULL.2019.025
David Stendardi, Ana Esther Cruz González
espanolEn este articulo se exponen el planteamiento y los primeros resultados del Proyecto de Innovacion Educativa (PIE) «Futuro anterior. Interes historico y propuesta de innovacion en las asignaturas de Sociologia y Antropologia del Grado en Turismo (EUTUR)», concedido por el Vicerrectorado de Docencia de la ULL en la convocatoria 2018/19. El articulo se centra en la elaboracion de un marco teorico basico orientado a la recuperacion de la mirada historica en las ciencias sociales. En la descripcion del escenario problematico se insiste en la debilidad del alumnado para comprender la relacion entre desarrollo historico y cambio social. La propuesta se acompana del analisis de los resultados previos del proyecto en su fase inicial. En las conclusiones se destaca la construccion de un enfoque coherente capaz de unir la elaboracion teorica y la practica docente diaria. Asimismo, se reflexiona sobre el interes y los conocimientos historicos demostrados por el alumnado. EnglishIn this article we expose the approach and the first results of the Educational Innovation Project (EIP) «Previous Future. Historical interest and innovation proposal in the subjects of Sociology and Anthropology of the Degree in Tourism (EUTUR) «, granted by the Vicerrectorado de Docencia of the Universidad de La Laguna in the call 2018/19. The article focuses on the development of a basic theoretical framework, recovering the historical perspective in social sciences. In the description of the problematic scenario we insist on the students’ weakness to understand the relationship between historical development and social change. Our proposal goes together with the analysis of the preliminary results of the project in its initial phase. In conclusions we highlight the construction of a coherent approach based on the union of the theoretical elaboration with the daily teaching practice. Moreover, we consider the interest and the historical knowledge shown by our students.
{"title":"Historia, cambio social y turismo. Una propuesta de innovación educativa en Sociología y Antropología","authors":"David Stendardi, Ana Esther Cruz González","doi":"10.25145/B.INNOVAULL.2019.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25145/B.INNOVAULL.2019.025","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este articulo se exponen el planteamiento y los primeros resultados del Proyecto de Innovacion Educativa (PIE) «Futuro anterior. Interes historico y propuesta de innovacion en las asignaturas de Sociologia y Antropologia del Grado en Turismo (EUTUR)», concedido por el Vicerrectorado de Docencia de la ULL en la convocatoria 2018/19. El articulo se centra en la elaboracion de un marco teorico basico orientado a la recuperacion de la mirada historica en las ciencias sociales. En la descripcion del escenario problematico se insiste en la debilidad del alumnado para comprender la relacion entre desarrollo historico y cambio social. La propuesta se acompana del analisis de los resultados previos del proyecto en su fase inicial. En las conclusiones se destaca la construccion de un enfoque coherente capaz de unir la elaboracion teorica y la practica docente diaria. Asimismo, se reflexiona sobre el interes y los conocimientos historicos demostrados por el alumnado. EnglishIn this article we expose the approach and the first results of the Educational Innovation Project (EIP) «Previous Future. Historical interest and innovation proposal in the subjects of Sociology and Anthropology of the Degree in Tourism (EUTUR) «, granted by the Vicerrectorado de Docencia of the Universidad de La Laguna in the call 2018/19. The article focuses on the development of a basic theoretical framework, recovering the historical perspective in social sciences. In the description of the problematic scenario we insist on the students’ weakness to understand the relationship between historical development and social change. Our proposal goes together with the analysis of the preliminary results of the project in its initial phase. In conclusions we highlight the construction of a coherent approach based on the union of the theoretical elaboration with the daily teaching practice. Moreover, we consider the interest and the historical knowledge shown by our students.","PeriodicalId":41955,"journal":{"name":"Cambio-Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90945197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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